Abstract: A red light fluorescent material is disclosed which contains simultaneously phosphorus and at least one alkaline earth metal selected from among magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, each in an amount in the range of from 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-3 mol per mol of a europium-activated rare earth oxide fluorescent material substantially represented by the general formula, (L.sub.1-x Eu.sub.x).sub.2 O.sub.3, (wherein L stands for at least one element selected from among rare earth elements and x for a numerical value in the range of 0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.20). This red light fluorescent material possesses the nature of manifesting high initial luminescent brightness (efficiency) and entailing only slight decline of efficiency during the lighting of lamp. A fluorescent lamp has a fluorescent material layer formed as deposited on the inner wall surface of a glass tube and containing as at least a red luminescent component the fluorescent material mentioned above.

Abstract: A novel electrode unit includes a plurality of linear cathodes and a plurality of flat-shaped electrodes. Each of the electrodes has a plurality of identification holes. The relative positional relationship of the identification holes is uniform with regard to each of the electrodes. However, the positions of the identification holes are shifted from those of adjacent electrodes by a predetermined interval so that a line connecting centers of the ID holes is parallel or perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the linear cathodes when the electrodes are piled up and evenly aligned. The identification holes allow the electrodes to be accurately positioned with respect to each other when assembling the electrodes into the electrode unit. Each of the electrodes also includes a temporary fixing part at an area indented from an outer circumference of the electrode. During assembly of an electrode unit, the temporary fixing part is fixed to a temporary fixing part of an adjacent electrode via a spacer.

Abstract: A spark plug having a low discharge voltage and good ignition performance. The object is achieved by means of a structure which satisfies the conditions:g3.gtoreq.1.2-g1;g2.ltoreq.g3-(d2-d1)/2;g1.ltoreq.g2.ltoreq.1.6; and0.ltoreq.h.ltoreq.2when the first spark gap size is made to be g1 mm, the second spark gap size is made to be g2 mm, the shortest distance between the center electrode tip surface peripheral portion and the second ground electrode tip surface outer end portion is g3 mm, the center electrode tip portion diameter is d1 mm, the center electrode body diameter is d2 mm, and height from an edge of said tip surface of said second ground electrode to said tip surface is h min.

Abstract: A multi-electron source has a plurality of electron emitting portions arranged on a substrate. Each electron emitting portion comprises a conductive film containing a crack with an average width of 0.05 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m. The electron emitting portions are prepared by subjecting conductive films, preferably of fine particles, to a pulse voltage application treatment.

Abstract: In a spark plug having a center electrode and an outer electrode, at least one of which is made of a nickel-alloyed clad and a thermally conductive copper-alloyed core embedded in the nickel-alloyed clad, the copper-alloyed core includes an additive metal which forms a supersaturated solid solution with a copper metal in which the additive metal or an intermetallic compound is precipitated from the copper phase, and substantially evenly dispersed.

Abstract: A circular accelerator is arranged to circulate a charged particle beam through a bending function provided by a bending magnet, set a tune of the charged particle beam being circulated as it is betatron-oscillated to a predetermined value through the effect of a quadrupole magnetic field, resonate the charged particle beam being circulated at the tune set to the predetermined value in a manner to increase an amplitude of the betatron oscillations over the stability limit of resonance, thereby extracting the charged particle beam. The circular accelerator includes a bending magnet formed to generate a quadrupole magnetic field component for horizontally focusing the charged particle beam being circulated and vertically defocusing the beam and another bending magnet formed to generate a quadrupole magnetic field component for horizontally defocusing the charged particle beam being circulated and vertically focusing the beam.

Abstract: Electrically insulating surfaces of an image intensifier are covered with a film of an organic material. This improves the high-voltage behavior of the image intensifier. The image intensifier further has an anode hung by means of insulating rods, which rods are covered by the film.

Abstract: In an electrostatic accelerator with a target to be subjected to a beam of electrically charged particles in the energy range of 200 keV in a closed vacuum system, and an ion source for generation of the charged particles, a staged accelerator structure is disposed between the ion source and the target and includes a number of drift tubes disposed adjacent to one another in axially spaced but aligned relationship so as to permit passage of the beam therethrough and a high-voltage multiplier is disposed annularly around the drift tubes and is divided into stages corresponding to the adjacent drift tubes to which the stages are connected for providing accelerator voltages thereto thereby providing for a compact overall structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a color picture tube. The tube includes an envelope comprising a faceplate panel, a funnel and a neck. The faceplate panel includes a transparent rectangular faceplate having a cathodoluminescent screen on an interior surface thereof, and a peripheral sidewall. The improvement comprises the faceplate panel having either an interior or exterior blend radius from the faceplate to the sidewall that varies around the periphery of the panel in such a manner that the stresses in predetermined areas of the panel are reduced.

Abstract: A magnetic field generator for use with an insertion device, which comprises four magnet arrays, two of the arrays being provided .above the plane of an electron orbit and the other two magnet arrays being provided below the plane, said magnet arrays being provided in such a manner that they are symmetric to each other with respect to the axis of the electron orbit is described.

Abstract: A panel display includes a common substrate on which a plurality of small display tiles are mounted in an array and electrically interconnected to replicate a large area panel. Each tile includes a plurality of contact pads which are aligned with corresponding contact pads on the substrate. Solder joints between corresponding contact pads mechanically align and secure the tiles on the substrate, and provide electrical connections therebetween. Selected substrate contact pads are electrically interconnected to provide electrical connections between adjacent tiles.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of focusing and to steering a group of electrons emitted from an electron source to a shield. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes an electron source controlled by one or more voltages to emit electrons, a first electrode adjacent to one side of the source, and a second electrode, insulated from the first electrode, adjacent to an opposite side of the source. The shield has a shield voltage. The first and the second electrode have a first and a second voltage respectively to focus and steer a substantial portion of the emitted electrons towards the shield. One application of the present invention is in the area of flat panel displays with the shield being a screen.

Abstract: A resonance type variable wavelength luminescent device which can control a spectrum of emission light of luminescent elements in response to an input signal such as voltage, heat, pressure, sound wave, magnetic field, electric field, gravity, electromagnetic wave or the like. Sequentially formed as laminated on a glass substrate are a semi-transparent reflective film, first electrically conductive transparent electrode films, a variable optical length layer, second electrically conductive transparent electrode films, a hole injection layer, an active layer made of aluminum chelate or the like and metallic electrodes, so that the first and second electrically conductive transparent electrode films are mutually arranged in a matrix form.

Abstract: The photocathode according to this invention is characterized in that an aluminium thin film is formed on a substrate, and then an antimony thin layer is deposited directly on the aluminium thin film and is activated by an alkali metal. It is especially preferable that the antimony thin layer is deposited in a thickness of 15 .mu.g/cm.sup.2 to 45 .mu.g/cm.sup.2 and is activated by an alkali metal. Such reflection-type photocathode is applicable to photomultipliers. Among functions which are considered to be done by the Al film. which is in direct contact with the Sb layer, a first one is to prevent the alloying between the Sb layer and the substrate (e.g., Ni), and a second one is to augment a reflectance of light to be detected.

Abstract: A multi-color light-emitting element has at least two optical micro-cavity structures having respectively different optical lengths determining their emission wavelengths. Each micro-cavity structure contains a film of or organic material as a light-emitting region, which may be a single film of uniform thickness in the element.

Abstract: An active matrix transistor array substrate for a reconfigurable vacuum fluorescent display comprising a set of individually addressable pixels and an isolation grid surrounding each pixel of the set and isolating each pixel of the set from all other pixels of the set. The isolation grid is especially advantageous in a high density active matrix display for preventing one pixel that is switched off from inhibiting a neighboring pixel that is switched on from fully illuminating.

Abstract: A color film image reader for obtaining an image signal from a color film, comprising a light source for irradiating the color film with light; a color CCD for producing blue, green and red image signals from the light received from the color film; and means for adjusting the level of each of the image signals obtained by the color CCD. The light source comprises a 3-band type fluorescent lamp, and the relative emission powers thereof regarding blue, green and red light are approximately at a ratio of 10:4:1, wherein the molar weight ratios of its blue, green and red fluorescent materials satisfy the functions that (molar weight ratio of blue fluorescent material.quantum efficiency of blue fluorescent material):(molar weight ratio of green fluorescent material.quantum efficiency of green fluorescent material).(molar weight ratio of red fluorescent material.quantum efficiency of red fluorescent material).apprxeq.10:4:1. The glue fluorescent material is composed of BaM.sub.g2 Al.sub.16 O.sub.

Abstract: An electron beam excited plasma system is provided with a first auxiliary electrode for initial discharge, an anode having an opening, a cathode, having an opening and located between the anode and the first auxiliary electrode, for producing an initial discharge between the first auxiliary electrode and the cathode, and for producing a plasma-generating discharge between the anode and the cathode, a second auxiliary electrode, having an opening and located between the cathode and the anode, for facilitating the generation of the discharge plasma between the cathode and the anode, a gas supply device for supplying a discharge plasma-generating gas into the region between the cathode and the anode, and magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field and for applying this magnetic field to the region between the cathode and the anode, such that a cusp magnetic field is generated in the vicinity of the cathode.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display is formed from a matrix of organic based light emitting diodes (LEDs) backed by an array of low resistance, high amperage conductors joined to the LED matrix at many points, in order to ensure low voltage drops along each line in line-at-a-time operation of the display. A method of joining the current carrying conductors to the matrix so as not to disturb the LED assembly through mechanical stress is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a spark plug with a copper cored ground electrode wherein the copper core has a cross-sectional area of about 1.6 mm.sup.2 to about 3.0 mm.sup.2 and the remainder of the electrode is made from a nickel alloy sheath. The open end copper cored ground electrode is resistance welded to the steel shell using a light welding force of about 100 lbs. coupled with a low welding energy to eliminate voids and embrittlement in the copper core adjacent to the weld interface.