Abstract: A three-dimensional image display capable of reducing a difference between a resolution variation rate in a pixel column direction and a resolution variation rate in a pixel row direction and preventing a color separation phenomenon is disclosed. The three-dimensional image display includes a display panel in which n (n is a natural number) disparity images are displayed and the same disparity images are distributed and displayed in subpixels of the same color, and a lenticular sheet which divides travel paths of the disparity images using a plurality of lenticular lenses which are obliquely arranged in front of the display panel, and the long axes of the lenticular lenses are parallel to an extension line of the subpixels in which the same disparity images are displayed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a three-dimensional image display apparatus including an image display section and a retarder is provided. The manufacturing method includes attaching an adhesion sheet containing a curable resin to at least one of an exit surface of the image display section and an entrance surface of the retarder, layering the retarder on the image display section such that the entrance surface of the retarder faces the exit surface of the image display section, applying a resin onto a periphery portion of the image display section and onto a periphery portion of the retarder, adhering together the periphery portions by curing the resin applied to the periphery portions, and adhering together the image display section and the retarder by curing the resin between the image display section and the retarder, after adhering together the periphery portions.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective has a first, refractive objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part including at least one concave mirror for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; and a third, refractive objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging onto the image plane; wherein the projection objective has a maximum lens diameter Dmax, a maximum image field height Y?, and an image side numerical aperture NA; wherein COMP1=Dmax/(Y?·NA2) and wherein the condition COMP1<10 holds.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective has a first, refractive objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part including at least one concave mirror for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; and a third, refractive objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging onto the image plane; wherein the projection objective has a maximum lens diameter Dmax, a maximum image field height Y?, and an image side numerical aperture NA; wherein COMP1=Dmax/(Y?·NA2) and wherein the condition COMP1<10 holds.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first optical member and a second optical member formed of a medium having a refractive index greater than 1, and a multiple layer film section. The multiple layer film section has a structure in which at least two types of thin film layers namely a first thin film layer and a second thin film layer which has a refractive index higher than a refractive index of the first thin film layer, are stacked alternately. The first optical member and the second optical member are joined by an adhering means (an adhesive), and satisfy a predetermined condition. At the multiple layer film section, from a light incident, a light in a first wavelength band is let to be reflected, and a light in a second wavelength band which is shorter than the first wavelength band, and a light in a third wavelength band which is longer than the first wavelength band is let to pass (to be transmitted).

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective has a first, refractive objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part including at least one concave mirror for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; and a third, refractive objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging onto the image plane; wherein the projection objective has a maximum lens diameter Dmax, a maximum image field height Y?, and an image side numerical aperture NA; wherein COMP1=Dmax/(Y?·NA2) and wherein the condition COMP1<10 holds.

Abstract: A light polarization control apparatus includes a linear polarized light generation device for generating a linearly polarized light ray; and a pair of first and second four-division type half-wave plate located at front and back positions of a light axis, each said half-wave plate having a surface divided into four regions by a couple of boundary lines crossing together at right angles, wherein the linearly polarized light ray is guided to pass through said pair of first and second four-division type half-wave plate to thereby divide this light ray into eight areas each having its polarization state as converted to any one of a azimuthally polarized state and a radially polarized state.

Abstract: It is aimed to reduce the occurrence of crosstalk attributable to the thermal expansion/contraction of a retarder and an image display section, and the unevenness in color attributable to the uneven surfaces of the retarder and the image display section. It is also aimed to reduce the misalignment of the retarder with respect to the image display section. The exit surface of an image display section 130 and the entrance surface of a retarder 180 are adhered to each other by using an adhesion layer 300. Additionally, the left and right edges of the image display section 130 are adhered to the left and right edges of the retarder 180 by using adhesion regions 400. Here, the adhesion regions 400 have a higher glass transition temperature than the adhesion layer 300.

Abstract: A compact and low cost microscope illuminator capable of generating 3-D optical images includes a first light source and a second light source. The two light sources lead two optical paths: one to illuminate a sample and another to project a pattern onto the focal plane of a microscope objective lens. The two light sources are controlled by a processor and can be turned on and off rapidly. A 3-D optical microscope equipped with said microscope illuminator and a method of creating a 3-D image on said 3-D optical microscope are also described.

Abstract: A 3-D optical microscope, a method of turning a conventional optical microscope into a 3-D optical microscope, and a method of creating a 3-D image on an optical microscope are described. The 3-D optical microscope includes a processor, at least one objective lens, an optical sensor capable of acquiring an image of a sample, a mechanism for adjusting focus position of the sample relative to the objective lens, and a mechanism for illuminating the sample and for projecting a pattern onto and removing the pattern from the focal plane of the objective lens. The 3-D image creation method includes taking two sets of images, one with and another without the presence of the projected pattern, and using a software algorithm to analyze the two image sets to generating a 3-D image of the sample. The 3-D image creation method enables reliable and accurate 3-D imaging on almost any sample regardless of its image contrast.

Abstract: An actuator for moving an imaging lens to prevent blurring of an image includes a fixed portion; a movable portion attached to the imaging lens; a plurality of spherical bodies sandwiched between the movable portion and the fixed portion, supporting the movable portion; a drive means; fixed portion drop prevention walls and movable portion drop prevention walls, erected so as to respectively surround each of the spherical bodies and prevent the spherical bodies from dropping; fixed portion contact walls and moving portion contact walls formed contiguously with these drop prevention walls such that when the movable portion is moved to a predetermined locking position, the spherical bodies contact it; and a controller for moving the movable portion to a locking position by rotating the movable portion around the optical axis, thereby positioning each of the spherical bodies.

Abstract: A display device includes a display arrangement and an optical attenuator arrangement. The display arrangement has inherent non-uniformity of an output intensity across the display area. The optical attenuator arrangement is positioned in front of the display arrangement and in registration with the display area. The optical attenuator arrangement has a light attenuation characteristic that varies across the display area and is adapted to optically reduce the inherent non-uniformity of the output intensity.

Abstract: A polarization element has a polarizer with an aggregate of metal pieces: Plasmon resonance frequency of a metal piece varies according to the polarization direction of a irradiated on it. In the polarization element, the plasmon resonance frequency in a predetermined direction of a metal piece is substantially equal to the frequency of light irradiated on the polarization element. The real part and the imaginary part of permittivity at the plasmon resonance frequency of a metal piece's constituent material and the refractive index (na) of a dielectric layer satisfy a particular relation.

Abstract: An objective changer for a telescope-type stereomicroscope which has two telescope systems whose entrance-side beam paths are oriented parallel to one another, which includes a carrier and an objective holder which is held at the carrier so as to be movable relative to the carrier between a first stereoscopic working position and a second stereoscopic working position and a third working position. The objective holder has at least a first and a second receptacle for stereo objectives and a third receptacle for an additional objective. The two telescope system beam paths penetrate one of the receptacles for the stereo objectives at least in the stereoscopic working positions when the objective changer is arranged at the stereomicroscope.

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system with a vibration reduction function excellently correcting aberrations with accomplishing compact, lightweight, and slim upon being accommodated, and to provide an optical apparatus using the zoom lens system. The system consists of, in order from an object, a first group having negative power, a second group having positive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, a distance between the first group and the second group decreases. The first group consists of, in order from the object, a first lens having negative power and a second lens having positive power. The second group consists of, in order from the object, a third lens having positive power, a fourth lens having negative power, and a fifth lens having positive power. An image blur is corrected by shifting the second group as a whole in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: A waveplate including a dielectric substrate and a periodic structure formed on the dielectric substrate, said periodic structure having a period which is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of an incident light, wherein the periodic structure is constructed of a deposited film, and a refractive index of the deposited film gradually changes in a thicknesswise direction of the deposited film.

Abstract: A tandem beam splitter for real-time polarization difference sensing, with at least one body having two faces that isolate two orthogonal planes of information from a common stimulus input in series, with a first of the two faces isolating a first plane of information and a second of the two faces isolating a second plane of information which is orthogonal to the first plane.

Abstract: A scanning wide-field telescope includes a primary reflecting mirror and a corrector assembly. The corrector assembly corrects light beams for spherical aberration imposed on the light beams by the primary reflecting mirror. The corrector assembly is located between the primary reflecting mirror and a viewing end of the telescope, and is configured to move to multiple optical focal points of the primary reflecting mirror.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a polarizer having improved cross transmittance. The method for producing a polarizer includes: dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based film with molecular iodine by immersing the PVA-based film in an aqueous iodine solution (a dyeing step); absorbing the molecular iodine into the PVA-based film using an aqueous boric acid solution (a cross-linking step); arranging the molecular iodine in the certain direction by stretching the PVA-based film in a certain direction (an stretching step); and drying, in an oven, the PVA-based film in which the molecular iodine is oriented; wherein a phosphate compound is added to the iodine aqueous solution (the dyeing step) or the aqueous boric acid solution (the stretching step) so that a weight ratio of the boric acid: the phosphate compound is in a range of 1:0.1 to 1:10.

Abstract: A beam shaping module capable of receiving a polarized beam from a light source is disclosed including a beam splitter for splitting the polarized beam into a first beam and a second beam wherein the polarization directions of the first beam and the second beam are perpendicular to each other, and a beam combiner for shaping and combining the first beam and the second beam, where the beam combiner is configured to reverse the energy distribution pattern of one of the first beam and the second beam.