Abstract: Multilayer-film reflective mirrors are disclosed that exhibit desired optical characteristics and resistance to reflective-surface degradation. An exemplary multilayer-film mirror includes a base and a multilayer film on the base. The multilayer film is made of first and second layers alternatingly laminated at a prescribed period length. The surface of the multilayer film has an irregular surface profile, relative to the surface profile of the base. The multilayer film reflects incident extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. A third layer, situated on and covering the surface of the multilayer film, is formed of a substance having substantially the same refractive index to EUV light as the refractive index of a vacuum. The third layer has a surface profile substantially the same as the surface contour of the base. The third layer is covered with a protective layer.

Abstract: A 3-D optical microscope, a method of turning a conventional optical microscope into a 3-D optical microscope, and a method of creating a 3-D image on an optical microscope are described. The 3-D optical microscope includes a processor, at least one objective lens, an optical sensor capable of acquiring an image of a sample, a mechanism for adjusting focus position of the sample relative to the objective lens, and a mechanism for illuminating the sample and for projecting a pattern onto and removing the pattern from the focal plane of the objective lens. The 3-D image creation method includes taking two sets of images, one with and another without the presence of the projected pattern, and using a software algorithm to analyze the two image sets to generating a 3-D image of the sample. The 3-D image creation method enables reliable and accurate 3-D imaging on almost any sample regardless of its image contrast.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional image recording medium in which three-dimensional information of a recorded material is recorded precisely and observed more naturally. The linear images of plural parallel-projection images from different directions A to E divided into rectangles are recorded sequentially to divisional recording units of the linear image recording units M1 to M8 and in addition, the linear images of divided parallel-projection images from the same direction are recorded sequentially to each divisional recording unit arranged in the same position relative to a lens width direction of each lenticular lens unit L1 to L8 corresponding to each linear image recording unit M1 to M8 to thereby reproduce a three-dimensional image by combining the linear images of plural parallel-projection images.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention include a microscope having a transparent specimen holder and a digital imaging device positioned within the transparent specimen holder. The digital imaging device can include a wireless transmitter. The transparent specimen holder can have a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the transparent specimen holder is completely transparent between the top surface and the bottom surface. Thus, the transparent specimen holder is completely transparent above and below the digital imaging device. Furthermore, a processor is operatively connected to the digital imaging device, wherein the processor produces an image of a specimen positioned on the specimen holder. A display is operatively connected to the processor, wherein the display displays the image.

Abstract: First and second wave plates using quartz crystal having birefringence are laminated together in such a manner that their optical axes intersect to form a laminated wave plate functioning as a half-wave plate as a whole. Phase differences of the first and the second wave plates relative to an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray with respect to a predetermined wavelength ? are set to be ?1 and ?2, an order of a high-mode order is set to be a natural number n, whereby the high-order mode laminated half-wave plate is formed so as to satisfy: ?1=180°+360°×n; and ?2=180°+360°×n.

Abstract: A display device which is capable of generating more parallaxes without reducing resolution and an image quality, a display controlling method, and a program are provided. An aperture ratio of a light source is set as 1/N, and liquid lenses are disposed at distances of focal lengths of the first liquid lens and the second liquid lens from the light source, respectively. A position controlling portion changes a position of a nonpolar liquid by a size of each of luminescent pixels as represented by the first liquid lens and the second liquid lens, which results in that emitted lights from respective luminescent pixels pass through either the first liquid lens or the second liquid lens to be emitted in directions different from one another as shown in the form of lights. The present embodiments can be applied to a parallax image displaying device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a binocular device for displaying information, the device comprising a support for placing on the nose and supporting a right display element and a left display element each designed to be placed in front of an eye and each comprising a light guide for receiving a beam of light rays emitted by a beam generator device towards an inlet face and for propagating the beam to an outlet face where the beam is directed towards the corresponding eye, the binocular device having an arrangement for adjusting the pupillary distance by moving at least one of the light guides relative to said support so as to adjust the distance between the light guides. According to the invention, said light guides are disposed over a said support and are held by a strip disposed over the light guides and secured to said support by means of at least one spacer, at least one slack takeup means being interposed between said strip and said light guides.

Abstract: A monolithic polarization controlled angle diffuser includes a system having a first surface and a second surface, a controlled angle diffuser pattern for providing an angular distribution at an illumination plane, the controlled angle diffuser pattern being on one of the first and second surfaces of the substrate, and a polarizing pattern on one of the first and second surfaces of the substrate. The controlled angle diffuser pattern includes at least two controlled angle diffuser elements. Each controlled angle diffuser element outputs different angular distributions. The polarizing pattern includes at least two polarizing elements. Each polarizing element corresponds to a respective controlled angle diffuser element. The at least two polarizing elements output polarizations are rotated with respect to one another.

Abstract: A polarizer includes including a translucent substrate a diffraction grating which is formed on the translucent substrate and which has a plurality of convex portions that are aligned so as to have a frequency which is equal to or less than a wavelength of light to be used, and in which each of the plurality of convex portions includes an alternating layer formed of high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers, and an intermediate-refractive-index region which is formed at a position between the convex portions that are adjacent to each other in the diffraction grating, so as to have a portion buried in the translucent substrate and which has a refractive index which is higher than a refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer and which is lower than a refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer.

Abstract: A viewing device (10) includes a body enclosing a first reflective surface or mirror (40), second reflective surface or mirror (42) and a mechanism for securing the body to a conventional sighting device or telescope (82) on a firearm. First mirror (40) is adapted to direct an incoming light beam (44) onto second mirror (42) so that an outgoing light beam (70) is angled relative to the incoming light beam (44). In use, viewing device (10) can be releasably attached to rear end (80) of telescope (82) and allows a user (90) to remain partially hidden behind obstacle (92) whilst viewing through sighting device (82) and using the firearm. The angular offset of respective light beams (44, 70) is between 35° and 60°.

Abstract: A linearly polarized transparent or translucent material is stretched to follow a sinusoidal shape so all parts of the resulting panes or lenses are themselves sinusoidal. By providing a structure of two panes or lenses of such material, moving one relative to the other in a linear direction varies an amount of light passing through. Thus, such a linear movement adjusts light translucence, luminosity intensity, brightness and dimness. Applications include windows (home, office, car), motor vehicle windshields, sunglasses, optical lenses, computer monitors, televisions, and fluorescent light fixtures.

Abstract: A laser microscope is provided wherein a drop in output power in a positive-dispersion element used as a pulse compressor is reduced, thus improving multiphoton-excitation efficiency. Also, a size of the positive-dispersion element is reduced, thereby making it easier to attach the pulse compressor to a microscope main body and to accommodate the pulse compressor therein, thus improving maneuverability. The invention provides a laser microscope including a laser light source for emitting ultrashort-pulsed laser light; a pulse expander for expanding the ultrashort-pulsed laser light emitted from the laser light source; a large-diameter single-mode fiber for transmitting the ultrashort-pulsed laser light expanded by the pulse expander; a pulse compressor for compressing the ultrashort-pulsed laser light transmitted by the single-mode fiber; and a microscope main body for irradiating a specimen with the ultrashort-pulsed laser light compressed by the pulse compressor.

Abstract: A disclosed optical element includes: a transparent substrate; a subwavelength structure layer disposed on the transparent substrate, the subwavelength structure layer having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the transparent substrate; a minute concave and convex structure of one-dimensional grating formed on the subwavelength structure layer with a subwavelength period smaller than a wavelength to be used, where a concave portion reaches a boundary surface between the transparent substrate and the subwavelength structure layer; and an open hole portion formed on a subwavelength structure layer side of the transparent substrate so as to communicate with the concave portion of the minute structure and to be arranged with the same period as in the minute structure of one-dimensional grating. At least at the open hole portion, a refractive index relative to an incident light is changed in a direction orthogonal to the boundary surface.

Abstract: A lens hood for a camera, includes a sun shade projecting in front of the camera lens and/or at least one hood wing which can pivot about a vertical or horizontal pivot axis. Included is a three-dimensional structure with a basket-like holder for the sun shade and a fastening means, which defines the vertical or horizontal pivot axis and can pivot, for the hood wing.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a zoom microscope of a simple structure which can expand a variable-power range. In order to achieve the object thereof, the zoom microscope includes a replaceable infinity correction objective lens, an aperture stop, an afocal zoom system, and an imaging optical system which are arranged in this order from a specimen side. Further, the aperture stop is disposed on or near a rear focal plane of the objective lens.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective comprises: a first objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; a third objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging directly onto the image plane; wherein a first concave mirror having a first continuous mirror surface and at least one second concave mirror having a second continuous mirror surface are arranged upstream of the second intermediate image; pupil surfaces are formed between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate image and between the second intermediate image and the image plane; and all concave mirrors are arranged optically remote from a pupil surface.

Abstract: A display device comprising: a display cell including at least two color regions, each of the at least color regions including a right-eye pixel and a left-eye pixel corresponding to a right eye and a left eye of a viewer, respectively; and a lenticular cell including at least two lenses corresponding to the at least two color regions, wherein the at least two lenses having different focal lengths.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diffusely-reflecting polarizer comprising: a first polymer which is amorphous and having a birefringence of less than about 0.02 and a second polymer, the first polymer being a continuous phase, and the second polymer being a disperse phase whose index of refraction differs from said continuous phase by greater than about 0.05 along a first axis and by less than about 0.05 along a second axis orthogonal to said first axis; wherein the diffuse-reflectivity of said first and second polymers taken together along at least one axis for at least one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation is at least about 50%, the diffuse transmittance of said first and second polymers taken together along at least one axis for at least one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation is at least about 50%.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional image display device for displaying color three-dimensional images, a fly eye lens, a display panel, and a light source are provided in this order from the observer side. A display panel has four pixels arrayed in a (2×2) matrix correlated with one lens element of the fly eye lens. In the event that j is a natural number, a pixel magnifying projection width e in a second direction is set in a range of the following expression according to mean interpupillary distance Y of the observers.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic sheet structure in which a three-dimensional design appears to be changing by changing the angle of observation, the stereoscopic sheet structure being a stereoscopic sheet structure that has: a convex lens assembly which is formed on one surface of a sheet member and in which a plurality of convex lenses are arranged; and a repeating design portion in which a plurality of design units are arranged on a focal plane of the convex lenses at arrangement intervals and/or in arrangement directions different from those of the convex lenses, and which has a continuously deformed design portion in which the arrangement intervals and arrangement directions of the design units regularly change while satisfying the condition of 0.95?DN˜N+1/DN+1˜N+2?0.95 and ?1???+1.