Abstract: Carbohydrate compositions for dialysis and methods of making and using them are provided.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed herein comprising a graft copolymer having (i) a backbone comprising dextran with a molecular weight of at least about 100000 Daltons, and poly alpha-1,3-glucan side chains comprising at least about 95% alpha-1,3-glucosidic linkages. Further disclosed are reactions for producing such graft copolymers, as well as their use in absorbent materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to an iron oligosaccharide compound with improved stability comprising a hydrogenated oligosacharride in stable association with ferric oxyhydroxide, the content of dimer saccharide in said hydrogenated oligosaccharide being 2.9% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the hydrogenated oligosaccharide. In further aspects is provided a process for preparing said compound as well as the use of said compound for preparation of a composition for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a depolymerized cellulose ether, the method suppressing the formation of coarse aggregates during the contact with an acid aqueous solution in a depolymerization reaction, and reducing the amounts of aggregates and black contaminants, while suppressing yellowness. More specifically, there is provided a method for producing a depolymerized cellulose ether, the method including a depolymerization step of depolymerizing a cellulose ether by bring the cellulose ether of 45 to 95° C. into contact with an acid aqueous solution of 55 to 98° C. to obtain a depolymerized cellulose ether.

Abstract: A fibrous cellulose having a high resin reinforcing effect and a method for manufacturing the same, and a fibrous cellulose composite resin having high strength and a method for manufacturing the same. A fibrous cellulose has an average fiber width of 0.1 ?m or more, an average fiber length of 0.02 to 3.0 mm, and a fibrillation ratio of 1.0% or more. A kneaded product of this fibrous cellulose and a resin is formed into a fibrous cellulose composite resin. In manufacturing the fibrous cellulose, a raw material fiber is defibrated so as to have an average fiber width of 0.1 ?m or more, an average fiber length of 0.02 to 3.0 mm, and a fibrillation ratio of 1.0% or more. The fibrous cellulose obtained by this method and a resin are kneaded to manufacture a fibrous cellulose composite resin.

Abstract: Polymer conjugates are provided that are capable of mimicking functions of natural proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. The polymer conjugates of the invention have utility in treating a subject suffering soft tissue conditions. Also provided are simple and scalable chemical processes for the preparation of the polymer conjugates of the invention.

Abstract: A preparation method of sodium hyaluronate with a full molecular weight distribution (MWD) is provided, including: step 1): spraying hydrogen peroxide on a sodium hyaluronate solid raw material, and conducting an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation treatment; step 2): dissolving a sodium hyaluronate degradation material in water, and adjusting a pH to higher than 7.0; step 3): subjecting a sodium hyaluronate alkaline solution to an ultrasonic treatment; step 4): preparing the sodium hyaluronate solid raw material into a sodium hyaluronate solution with a concentration of 0.1% to 1% (w/v), and thoroughly mixing the sodium hyaluronate solution in an addition proportion of 20% to 60% (v/v) with the sodium hyaluronate alkaline solution obtained after the ultrasonic treatment; and step 5): subjecting a resulting mixed solution to an adsorption treatment with diatomaceous earth and activated carbon, filtering for concentration, and drying a resulting concentrate to obtain the sodium hyaluronate with a full MWD.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a heparin or derivative thereof and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa-s.

Abstract: Compositions comprising mixtures of hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin, wherein the compositions may be isomerically purified, and methods of isomerically purifying a mixture of hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrins.

Abstract: Low endotoxin fucan compositions comprising a therapeutically effective, medically acceptable fucan in a composition comprising less than about 0.2, 0.18, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0005 endotoxin units (EU) per milligram of the fucan are disclosed. Methods and systems for removing or reducing the amount of endotoxins from a starting fucan composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a biological desulfurizer for removing organic sulfur in fracturing flowback fluid and application thereof. The biological desulfurizer includes a compound with a triazine structure formed by modifying chitosan with aldehydes and inorganic salts. The triazine structure has a good removal effect on hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur such as mercaptan and sulfide. The biological desulfurizer of the invention has a sulfur capacity of up to 250 g/kg and a desulfurization efficiency of over 95% in 15 min. It can effectively remove the stink of sulfur-containing working water, improve the working environment of the well site, and reduce the impact of sulfur compounds on the atmospheric environment during the development of oil and gas fields.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel, wherein the nanofibrillar cellulose is oxidized nanofibrillar cellulose, wherein the oxidation has been carried out through N-oxyl mediated catalytic oxidation of cellulose-based raw material, and has at most 50 ?mol of aldehyde groups per gram of dry nanofibrillar cellulose; and subjecting the nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel to a heat treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound comprising a modified saccharide moiety conjugated to a nucleic acid. The compound is useful in medicine for RNA interference therapy or for research and diagnostic purposes. In particular, the compound is useful in treating liver disease.

Abstract: Polymer conjugates are provided that are capable of mimicking functions of natural proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. The polymer conjugates of the invention have utility in treating a subject suffering soft tissue degenerative conditions. Also provided are simple and scalable chemical processes for the preparation of the polymer conjugates of the invention.

Abstract: Nanocellulose containing a sulfuric acid group and/or a sulfo group, each of which is derived from a sulfuric acid treatment, and an anionic functional group derived from a hydrophilization treatment. The total amount of the sulfuric acid group and/or the sulfo group and the anionic functional group is more than 0.1 mmol/g and not more than 4.0 mmol/g. Also disclosed is a product including a mixture containing the nanocellulose and a method for producing the nanocellulose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a nanocellulose material, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin and water, but no acid catalyst, to generate cellulose-rich solids; and then mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a nanocellulose material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. Many organic or inorganic solvents are possible. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an oxygenated organic compound, such as a C1-C18 alcohol, e.g. ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, propanediol, glycerol, butanol, or butanediol. The solvent for lignin may be an aromatic alcohol, such as phenol, cresol, or benzyl alcohol. The solvent for lignin may be a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether, such as methyl ethyl ketone or diethyl ether. The solvent for lignin may be a non-oxygenated alkane, olefin, or aromatic hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carboxyalkyl chitosan having a zeta potential, measured at pH 7.5, that is less than or equal to ?20 mV, compositions comprising same, a process for manufacturing same, and various applications thereof, in particular in the field of therapy, rheumatology, ophthalmology, esthetic medicine, plastic surgery, internal surgery, dermatology or cosmetics.

Abstract: The application of a highly controlled, micron-sized, branched, porous architecture to enhance the handling properties and degradation rate of hydrogels is described in the instant invention. A previously described pattern created through one-step nucleated crystallization in a hydrogel film creates tunable mechanical properties and/or chemical stability for use in tissue engineering applications. The bulk mechanical properties and the degradation rate of the material can be tuned easily by the addition or subtraction of crystalline structure or by the addition and subtraction of backfill material, making this useful for a variety of applications. Relevant mechanical properties that can be tuned through the application of this unique porosity are moduli, elasticity, tensile strength, and compression strength. The method of the present invention can be applied to biopolymers and natural materials as well as synthetic materials.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing methamphetamine related endothelial dysfunction in a patient comprising administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmacologic composition; the composition comprising a therapeutic, the therapeutic including a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, or a salt, solvate, ester, amide, clathrate, stereoisomer, enantiomer, prodrug or analogs thereof. The H2S donor may be one of sodium sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, allicin, sugammadex, sulfanilamide, disulfiram, sulfonamide, sulfonates, sulfoxides, persulfides, polysulfides, and sulfones. The H2S donor may be sugammadex. The H2S donor may be administered in a dosage of between 0.5 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg.

Abstract: [Object] An object is to provide a sulfonated fine cellulose fiber having excellent transparency, a sulfonated pulp fiber suitable for the sulfonated fine cellulose fiber, a method for producing these fibers, and a derivative pulp containing the sulfonated pulp fiber. [Means for achieving the object] The sulfonated pulp fiber of the present invention is a pulp fiber comprising a plurality of cellulose fibers, wherein a part of hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers of the pulp fiber is substituted with sulfo groups, an introduction amount of sulfur attributable to the sulfo groups is adjusted to be higher than 0.42 mmol/g while maintaining a fiber shape, and a water retention value of the pulp fiber is adjusted to 150% or more. Since the sulfonated pulp fiber has a predetermined water retaining property or more while maintaining the fiber shape, the degree of flexibility in handling can be improved.