Abstract: An on-board antenna having a grounding conductor provided on a surface of a first dielectric substrate and an antenna element including a first radiation element provided on the surface of the first dielectric substrate and a second radiation element provided on the first radiation element so as to protrude from a surface of the first dielectric substrate and extend in a vertical direction.

Abstract: Selectively engaged antenna matching for a mobile terminal. Antenna matching can be engaged, disengaged, or switched as needed depending on whether a movable cover or clam-shell portion of a mobile terminal is open or closed. A switch can connect a single matching network to a radiating element in one case, and disconnect the single matching network from the radiating element in the other case. Alternatively, the switch can connect one matching network to the radiating element to achieve one matched condition, and the other matching network to the radiating element to achieve the other matched condition. In other embodiments, a switchable matching arrangement can alter the signal and/or ground feed points of an antenna. The technique can be applied to planar, fixed external, or collapsible antennas.

Abstract: A method of making an organic vertical cavity laser array device includes providing a substrate and a bottom dielectric stack reflective to light over a predetermined range of wavelengths and being disposed over the substrate; forming an etched region in the top surface of the bottom dielectric stack to define an array of spaced laser pixels which have higher reflectance than the interpixel regions so that the array emits laser light; and forming a planarization layer over the etched bottom dielectric stack. The method also includes forming an active region over the planarization layer for producing laser light; and forming a top dielectric stack spaced from the bottom dielectric stack and reflective to light over a predetermined range of wavelengths.

Abstract: The present invention is provided to manufacture a slot antenna having slots formed on both sides, that is, a top and a bottom of a dielectric substrate, wherein electric fields in the slots are generated in the utmost same direction. According to this structure, it is possible to realize a compact and lightweight slot antenna having higher gain and radiation efficiency characteristics in comparison with the conventional meandered slot antenna.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus, which can increase capacity in a cellular communication system or Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), such as an 802.11 network, operates in conjunction with a mobile subscriber unit or client station. At least one antenna element is active and located within multiple passive antenna elements. The passive antenna elements are coupled to selectable impedance components for phase control of re-radiated RF signals. Various techniques for determining the phase of each antenna element are supported to enable the antenna apparatus to direct an antenna beam pattern toward a base station or access point with maximum gain, and, consequently, maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By directionally receiving and transmitting signals, multipath fading is greatly reduced as well as intercell interference.

Abstract: Precise timing control can be obtained for a gas discharge laser, such as an excimer or molecular fluorine laser, using a timed trigger ionization. Instead of using a standard approach to control the timing of the emission or amplification of an optical pulse using the discharge of the main electrodes, the timing of which can only be controlled to within about 10 ns, a trigger ionization pulse applied subsequent to the charging of the main electrodes can be used to control the timing of the discharge, thereby decreasing the timing variations to about 1 ns. Since ionization of the laser gas can consume relatively small amounts of energy, such a circuit can be based on a fast, high-voltage, solid state switch that is virtually free of jitter. Trigger ionization also can be used to synchronize the timing of dual chambers in a MOPA configuration. In one such approach, ionization trigger can include at least a portion of the optical pulse from the oscillator in a MOPA configuration.

Abstract: An antenna including an electrically conductive portion defined substantially by a self-similar geometry present at multiple resolutions. The electrically conductive portion includes two or more angular bends and is configured to radiate broadband electromagnetic energy. The antenna further includes an electrically non-conductive portion that structurally supports the electrically conductive portion.

Abstract: A communication apparatus has a speaker, a headband which connects to the speaker at an end thereof, a wireless communication module coupled to the speaker, and an antenna arranged on the headband, and coupled to said wireless communication module.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of fabricating a laser device, that includes: depositing a photoresist on epitaxially grown layers, patterning said photoresist to form an aperture area, depositing a dielectric material on said patterned photoresist, depositing a liftoff layer on said dielectric material, removing portions of said dielectric material and liftoff layer that border said aperture area, implanting regions of the epitaxially grown layers bordering said aperture area, and depositing a metal layer on said dielectric material. The invention also includes a device including: a substrate comprising epitaxial layers and an aperture area, a dielectric mirror formed on top of said aperture area and an implanted region within said epitaxial layers, said implanted region bordering said aperture area.

Abstract: Optical systems of the present invention include optical devices, such as lasers and other optical sources, that are packaged, or housed, in a structure employing a high thermal conductivity, low effective thermal mass member, such as a heat pipe. The high thermal conductivity, low effective thermal mass is positioned in sufficiently close proximity to one or more optical sources that heat generated by the sources is conducted away at a desired efficiency to maintain the package within a prescribed temperature range.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser driving device using a voltage drive system, a drive current of a semiconductor laser is controlled by a drive current control circuit so that a light intensity of light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser is equal to a predetermined light intensity. In a drive voltage control circuit, the drive voltage applied to the semiconductor laser at the time of switching off the semiconductor laser LD is set on the basis of the detected voltage (terminal voltage).

Abstract: A VCSEL having a metallic heat spreading layer adjacent a semiconductor buffer layer containing an insulating structure. The heat spreading layer includes an opening that enables light emitted by an active region to reflect from a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) top mirror located above the heat spreading layer. A substrate is below the active region. A lower contact provides electrical current to that substrate. The lower contact includes an opening that enables light emitted from the active region to reflect from a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lower mirror. Beneficially, the substrate includes a slot that enables light to pass through an opening in the lower contact. That slot acts as an alignment structure that enables optical alignment of an external feature to the VCSEL.

Abstract: An automatic F2 laser gas control, for a modular high repetition rate ultraviolet gas discharge laser. The laser gas control includes techniques, monitors, and processor for monitoring the F2 consumption rates through the operating life of the laser system. These consumption rates are used by a processor programmed with an algorithm to determine F2 injections needed to maintain laser beam quality within a delivery range. Preferred embodiments include F2 controls for a two-chamber MOPA laser system.

Abstract: Fiber laser systems. One system comprises a pump energy source, a first fiber and a WDM for transferring pump energy from the first fiber to a second fiber that comprises a grating for reflecting energy at a predetermined wavelength. The first fiber is devoid of a grating substantially reflecting energy of the predetermined wavelength. In another embodiment, a system includes a pump energy source and a fiber comprising a loop-shaped portion, a first non loop-shaped portion comprising a grating for reflecting pump energy, and a second non loop-shaped portion comprising a grating for reflecting a Stoke shifted wavelength.

Abstract: A high-power coherent array of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitter Lasers is described in which a plurality of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are provided along with a structure which optically couples each of the VCSELs the plurality of VCSELs to one another by a predetermined amount to cause a coherent mode locking condition to occur. The coupling structure can be a beam cube, a plurality of smaller bean cubes, or a waveguide/grating system, for example. A reference source, or controlled coupling among the VCSELs, is used to phase lock the VCSELs to one another.

Abstract: A wide-slit lateral growth projection mask, projection system, and corresponding crystallization process are provided. The mask includes an opaque region with at least one a transparent slit in the opaque region. The slit has a width in the range of 10X to 50X micrometers, with respect to a X:1 demagnification system, and a triangular-shaped slit end. The triangular-shaped slit end has a triangle height and an aspect ratio in the range of 0.5 to 5. The aspect ratio is defined as triangle height/slit width. In some aspects, the triangular-shaped slit end includes one or more opaque blocking features. In another aspect, the triangular-shaped slit end has stepped-shaped sides. The overall effect of the mask is to promote uniformly oriented grain boundaries, even in the film areas annealed under the slit ends.

Abstract: A laser system comprising a laser for providing a laser beam, a non-linear optical crystal in the laser beam path creating a second order light, a laser beam expander in the beam path after the non-linear crystal, a dichromatic mirror in the beam path after the beam expander, an objective lens that focuses the laser beam on a sample and collects transmission from the sample before the sample transmission impacts the dichromatic mirror, a partial reflector of the second order light in the transmission path after the dichromatic mirror, and a coupler for coupling an optical component to the sample transmission.

Abstract: A multimode light generating module comprises an optical cavity and a light-receiving element. The optical cavity is constituted by a semiconductor optical amplification element, and an optical fiber having a grating. The optical fiber comprises a grating having an apodized periodic refractive index distribution, and the slope of the reflection spectrum in a longer wavelength region with respect to the peak wavelength ?p is gentler than that in the shorter wavelength region therewith. The grating satisfies the relationship of 0.5 nm>?0.2??p>0.1 nm. Here, ?0.2 is defined by ?0.2h-?0.2l, where ?0.2h is the longer one of two wavelengths exhibiting a relative reflectivity of 0.2 with respect to the maximum reflectivity, and ?0.2l is the shorter one of two wavelengths exhibiting a relative reflectivity of 0.2 with respect to the maximum reflectivity.

Abstract: A multi-band planar inverted-F antenna includes a floating parasitic element. For example, a planar inverted-F antenna includes first and second planar inverted-F antenna branches that extend on a dielectric substrate. The first planar inverted-F antenna branch is configured to resonate in response to first electromagnetic radiation in a first frequency band. The second planar inverted-F antenna branch is configured to resonate in response to second electromagnetic radiation in a second frequency band. The floating parasitic element is configured to electromagnetically couple to the second planar inverted-F antenna branch when, for example, the second planar inverted-F antenna branch is excited by the electromagnetic radiation provided via an RF feed (when the antenna is used to transmit).

Abstract: A laser diode (1) for outputting light of a single mode comprises a substrate layer (5), a cladding layer (6) and a compound light propagating layer (7) comprising first, second, third and fourth layers (9 to 12). A wave guiding region (15) of refractive index lower than its adjacent regions is defined by the third layer (11) by two quantum wells (16) positioned at the anti-node of light of a single mode which is propagating in the third layer (11) for propagating and amplifying the single mode light. A central ridge (17) locates the wave guiding region transversely of the direction of light propagation. The wave guiding region (15) can also be defined by shaping the top cladding layer (6) by forming an elongated central channel through the central ridge (17).