Abstract: Described herein is a column packing for a distillation apparatus, the column packing having an upper end opposite a lower end, the column packing comprising: a body extending along a central axis, the body comprising: a central channel extending parallel to the central axis, the central channel comprising a first open end opposite a second open end; and a plurality of perimeter channels circumscribing the central channel, each of the perimeter channels comprising a first open end opposite a second open end wherein the multi-channel body is formed of fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A facility for producing a composite material that includes carbon nanotubes. The facility includes a reaction chamber with an injection device for injecting an active gas mixture (for the growth of the carbon nanotubes) into the interior volume thereof. A transport device is to transport a substrate into the reaction chamber to form the composite material. The injection device may transport the active gas mixture in a first direction into the interior volume. A circulation device is to circulate the active gas mixture, and may transport the active gas mixture into the interior volume in a second direction that is different from the first direction. The circulation device may adopt a first configuration of injection of the active gas mixture into the interior volume of the chamber, and a second configuration of extraction of the active gas mixture from the interior volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger type with a tube bundle and has a redistribution chamber connected to tubes of the tube bundle and to a duct. The duct extends between the redistribution chamber and the shell.

Abstract: In a catalytic reaction, after a reaction product leaves a catalyst bed, an inert substance with a low temperature is sprayed, and through heat absorption and vaporization processes of the inert substance, the temperature of the reaction product drops rapidly when staying in a catalyst cushion layer at a discharge end of a fixed bed reactor, or in a space formed by the catalyst cushion layer at the discharge end of the fixed bed reactor and a reactor head, or in a space formed by a tube plate at the discharge end of the fixed bed reactor and the reactor head. The residence time of the reaction product is shortened due to the entrance of the inert substance in a gaseous state.

Abstract: A method may include: introducing a fluid comprising a first immiscible phase and a second immiscible phase into a contacting vessel comprising multiple contact stages: flowing the fluid through a first fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel; separating at least a portion of the first immiscible phase from the second immiscible phase; and flowing the separated portion of the first immiscible phase through a second fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel.

Abstract: Provided is a reactor capable of generating a proposed target solution in a short time by reacting the raw material solutions with each other while allowing a mixed raw material solution containing a plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other to flow, and restraining the temperature of the mixed raw material solution from excessively rising. The reactor includes a reaction channel allowing the mixed raw material solution to flow and a solvent channel allowing a solvent dissolvable in the mixed raw material solution to flow. The solvent channel is connected to the reaction channel between the upstream end and the downstream end of the reaction channel so that the solvent flowing in the solvent channel is mixed with the mixed raw material solution flowing in the reaction channel from the middle of the reaction channel.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling a flow of solid particles includes a vertical inlet pipe for directing solid particles downwards and having a bottom at a level L0, a first outlet chute and a second outlet chute in particle flow connection with the vertical inlet pipe and a fluidizing device for directing controlled first and second sub flows to the first and second outlet chutes. The arrangement includes a branch in particle flow connection with an opening on a side wall of the vertical inlet pipe for directing the first sub flow of solid particles to the first outlet chute and a horizontally extending intermediate pipe for directing the second sub flow of solid particles to the second outlet chute. The intermediate pipe includes at least one nozzle feeding fluidizing gas to the intermediate pipe and has a first end in particle flow connection with the bottom of the inlet pipe.

Abstract: A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

Abstract: An inflow base which is permeable to process air and includes openings for the process air which flows thought the inflow base. The inflow base is arranged in the fluidizing apparatus in a manner rotatable about an axis Z of the fluidizing apparatus and subdivides this into a distribution chamber and into a vortex chamber. The inflow base of the fluidizing apparatus includes at least a first and a second inflow base plate, wherein one of the inflow base plates at its outer end includes or forms a sealing element.

Abstract: A device for generating hydrogen gas having two or more storages, each storage storing a reactant or mix of reactants, and each storage coupled to a means of injecting the stored reactant or mix of reactants into a reaction chamber in a controlled manner and at an optimum rate, so that a chemical reaction occurs in the reaction chamber that produces hydrogen gas efficiently.

Abstract: A system capable of a germicidal treatment of highly opaque liquids, featuring a filter, which prevents wavelengths above the UV-C spectrum reaching the liquid being treated, one or more spiral-shaped tubes extending from an inlet end to an outlet end creating a fluidic pathway, and one or more light sources illuminating the one or more spiral-shaped tubes, wherein the one or more light sources emit light in a wavelength range between 180-300 nm.

Abstract: A system for controlling contamination in hydrogen production from water-reactive aluminum includes at least one reaction vessel. For example, each reaction vessel may include a container, a conduit, and a plurality of baffles. The container may define a volume, and the conduit may define an orifice outside of the container and spaced away from the container. The plurality of baffles may be disposed in the volume to form a tortuous flow path through the volume to the orifice of the conduit to facilitate rapid production of a large quantity of hydrogen from water-reactive aluminum while reducing the likelihood that ejecta, aerosols, or a combination thereof, may escape the reaction vessel to interfere with end-use of the hydrogen produced.

Abstract: A system and method for charging a chromium-based catalyst to a mix vessel; introducing a reducing agent through an entrance arrangement into the mix vessel, and agitating a mixture of the chromium-based catalyst, the reducing agent, and a solvent in the mix vessel to promote contact of the reducing agent with the chromium-based catalyst to give a reduced chromium-based catalyst.

Abstract: The invention involves a scale collection device that is located within downflow reactor head for removing solids from feed streams to increase reactor operating cycle time without impact on effective reactor space for catalyst loading. More particularly, a filtering zone is located in an upper portion of a reactor vessel above a rough liquid distribution tray and a distribution tray.

Abstract: A planar flow reactor includes a straight planar process channel, a flow generator, and a plurality of static mixing elements disposed within the process channel. The flow generator is configured to generate a pulsatile flow within the process channel, and the static mixing elements are configured to locally split and recombine the flow. The straight planar process channel enables the generation of a flow pattern that is largely independent of the width of the process channel, meaning that the throughput may be increased by increasing the width without significantly affecting the residence time distribution or the flow behavior. Furthermore, by creating a pulsatile flow within the process channel, turbulence and/or chaotic fluid flows may be generated even at low net flow rates, i.e. low net Reynolds numbers.

Abstract: A system for disinfecting fluid includes a UVC LED. The UVC LED includes an LED chip configured to emit UVC radiation and a package coupled with the LED chip. The LED chip has a top surface that defines a chip top surface area. The top surface is formed from a semiconductor material having an index of refraction. The fluid reactor has at least one wall that defines a chamber configured to contain the fluid. The at least one wall has an aperture configured to receive UVC radiation into the chamber. The aperture extends through the at least one wall. The aperture has an aperture area that is (1) smaller than a top surface area of the package and (2) equal to or larger than the chip top surface area.

Abstract: A catalyst regenerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, as a catalyst regenerator that regenerates a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor, includes: a reaction chamber that includes a regeneration space, receives the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharges a regenerated catalyst to an outlet; a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; and a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject an air for combustion into the regeneration space, wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a device and a method for unloading particulate material from a reactor tube of a catalytic reactor comprising an array of substantially vertically aligned reactor tubes. The device comprises an air lance (11, 111-113) for loosening the particulate material inside the reactor tube using pressurized air, an air lance unit (10) for feeding the air lance in and out of the reactor tube, and a flexible guide tube (12, 121-123) on one end connectable to the air lance unit and on the other end connectable to a cleaned reactor tube (7, 71-73) for guiding the air lance from the reactor tube to the cleaned reactor tube for storing a part of the air lance that has not been fed into the reactor tube within the first cleaned reactor tube.

Abstract: An in-liquid plasma generation device includes a housing which holds a liquid in an internal space, a gas supply tube which includes an opening in the internal space and discharges a gas into the liquid through the opening, a first electrode which has projecting part projecting into the internal space via the opening from inside of the gas supply tube, the projecting part including a conductor covered by a dielectric, a second electrode which surrounds the projecting part of the first electrode and includes a conductor isolated from the liquid by a dielectric, and a voltage applier which applies a voltage to between the first electrode and the second electrode. A space between the projecting part and the second electrode is a flow passage in which the gas discharged from the opening flows.

Abstract: An ultra-low-speed rotating low-strain high-filling-rate hydrogen alloy automatic absorption-desorption reaction device includes a shell, a hydrogen storage reaction bed, a motor, a controlling and monitoring system, a wire inlet port, a hydrogen absorption and desorption port, and a universal angle wheel. The reaction bed is circular, rotating at a low speed under driving of a light ultra-low speed motor; facades on two sides of the reaction bed are respectively provided with a transmission shaft and the hydrogen absorption and discharge port which are respectively connected with an ultra-low-speed gear reduction motor or a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen-consuming device; the reaction bed includes a hydrogen storage metal alloy, a heat-conducting anti-hardening filling material, and a phase change material; a shell of the alloy reaction bed has a heater and an external side surface of a hydrogen storage alloy reaction device has a PLC controlling and monitoring system.