Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas purification device that allows improving an exhaust gas purification performance. An exhaust gas purification device of the present disclosure includes a substrate and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer contains a porous carrier, a catalytic metal that is supported by the porous carrier and belongs to platinum group, an alkaline earth metal supported by the porous carrier, and an alkaline earth metal not supported by the porous carrier. At least a part of the alkaline earth metal supported by the porous carrier is supported inside the porous carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for housing a chemical looping process comprising of at least one fluidized-bed combustor reactor, at least one entrained riser, at least one particle separator, optionally at least one particle holding reactor, at least one moving-bed reactor, at least one standpipe, at least one L-valve system for solid flow control and interconnecting sections.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and controlling the polymerization in a polymerization vessel by using a camera viewing unit to (a) detect features of the polymer particles, or the particles' environment, (b) compare the features to pre-defined acceptable values of these features or the environment, and (c) if a variation from the pre-defined values is detected, act on process parameters to reduce or eliminate the variation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of assistance and documentation of a filling of tubular reactors including recording of filling materials and fill levels of filling materials and documenting the filling materials used, fill levels and results of a catalysis process of tubular reactors produced in such a way.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an external loop slurry reactor, comprising a gas-liquid integrated distributor, a riser, a degassing zone, a solid-liquid separation circulation unit, and a storage tank. When the reactor works, reactants are injected into the riser through the gas-liquid integrated distributor; the slurry mixes and flows upwards to the degassing zone at the top for gas removal, and a large number of bubbles are removed. The slurry with catalyst particles then enters a downcomer and flows downwards. The slurry flows into a first-stage hydrocyclone and a multi-stage hydrocyclone in sequence for solid-liquid separation. The diameter of the first-stage hydrocyclone is larger than that of the multi-stage hydrocyclone. The separated solid particles flow back into the riser to continue to participate in the reaction.

Abstract: An improved reactor comprising a shell and at least one reactor internal component. The reactor internal component includes a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes attached by at least one tube support plate comprising at least one radial strut and at least one bracket configured to secure to at least one tube of the tube bundle. The tubes are arranged in concentric bands about a longitudinal axis of the reactor. The reactor comprises a gas inlet plate, a catalyst support plate, and a top plate.

Abstract: A catalytic system is provided which comprises a tubular reactor and at least one catalyst particle located within the tubular reactor. The catalyst particles have a particular geometric form which promotes heat transfer with the tubular reactor. Certain specific catalyst particles are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a constant shear continuous reactor device, comprising: an annular gas delivery tube comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a first annular liquid delivery tube comprising a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet arranged concentrically around the annular gas delivery tube along a common axis, where the first liquid outlet is located at a downstream position relative to the gas outlet or is coterminous with the gas outlet; and an annular reactor wall tube comprising a final liquid inlet, a mixing zone section and a reactor outlet, where the annular reactor wall tube is arranged concentrically around the first annular liquid delivery tube along the common axis.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an integrated heat exchanger and reactor module. The integrated heat exchanger and reactor module includes a heat exchanger channel, and a reactor channel which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger channel. The reactor channel includes a layer of catalyst material that is configured to produce hydrogen by endothermic catalytic decomposition of ammonia, which flows through the reactor channel, using thermal energy that is absorbed by the reactor channel from the heat exchanger channel.

Abstract: An automated system of reactors carries out a solid-phase peptide synthesis, and more particularly a solid-phase peptide synthesizer which is automated, by means of a reactor with a liquid-recirculation loop making it possible to measure, in real time, chemical species in the reactor via measuring cells. This system includes inlet pipes, namely: pipes dedicated to the introduction of resin, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the synthesis and washing solvent, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the agent for deprotecting the amino acid introduced, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the reagents, and includes an assembly reactor and a loop for recirculation of the liquid of the reactor.

Abstract: A carbon compound manufacturing system includes: a recovery unit; a conversion unit; a synthesis unit; a first flow path to supply the supply gas to the recovery unit; a second flow path connecting the recovery and the conversion units; a third flow path connecting the conversion and the synthesis units; at least one of first to third detectors to respectively measure a flow rate of the supply gas flowing through the first flow path to generate a first data signal, a flow rate of the carbon dioxide flowing through the second flow path to generate a second data signal, and a value of voltage or current to the conversion unit to generate a third data signal; and an integration controller to collate at least one data of the first to third data signals with a corresponding plan data to generate at least one of first to third control signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and evaluation of a production of a functional material, wherein an assessment of steps taken by users based on a data basis results in reporting to the user of the extent to which predetermined properties of a functional material produced are attained in the event of variances in the steps taken.

Abstract: Methods of heating a reactor system by providing electrical energy are described. A reactor system comprising at least one reactor tube having a catalyst disposed therein and comprises at least one electrically conductive surface is heated by providing electrical energy to the at least one electrically conductive surface on the reactor tube and adjusting a current level of the electrical energy provided to the at least one electrically conductive surface to control the temperature of the reactor tube and the catalyst disposed therein. The reactor tube may be electrically isolated from other electrically conductive components of the reactor system.

Abstract: A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream, that includes a pressure containment vessel comprising an interior chamber and a heat transfer medium that converts electrical current to heat and is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face. A process for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream includes introducing the hydrocarbon-containing stream into the reactor system, pressurizing the pressure containment vessel and the heat transfer medium without heating the pressure containment vessel or the heat transfer medium, supplying electrical current to the heat transfer medium, converting the electrical current to heat, heating the hydrocarbon-containing stream, and converting the hydrocarbon-containing stream to an effluent stream.

Abstract: A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising a plurality of spaced-apart reactor units, each reactor unit comprising an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the wall enclosing a gaseous flow passageway at least a portion of which defines a gas phase reaction zone, the multi-tubular chemical reactor can include at least one igniter for initiation of at least one gas phase exothermic reaction within a gas phase reaction zone of a reactor unit.

Abstract: Flow control mechanisms control the direction and flow rate of synthesis reagent through one or more synthesis reaction vessels for automated solid phase synthesis. Selectable, known, and reproducible positive or negative pressure differentials (?5 to +10 psi) accomplish controlled, bidirectional (forward and reverse) flow of synthesis reagents through synthesis media contained within the reaction vessels. Venturi-based vacuum apparatus, valves, electronic pressure regulators and compound digital pressure gauge, can be added to automated solid phase synthesis instruments to provide, control, and monitor known, selectable, reproducible negative and positive pressures to one or both valve sealable and un-sealable ends (inlets and outlets) of the reaction vessel as needed to generate and reverse said pressure differentials between the opposite ends of said synthesis reaction vessels, yielding controlled forward and backward flows of synthesis reagents through the synthesis media.

Abstract: An air lance for removing pellets from tubes includes a conduit body having an inlet end and a bottommost discharge opening, and a poker fixed relative to the conduit body and projecting beyond the bottommost discharge opening to serve as a spacer and poker; wherein a rigid member extends along said conduit body, such that that a hammering force applied to said rigid member where it extends outside of the tube will be transmitted through said rigid member to said poker for dislodging and breaking pellets.

Abstract: A dismountable and dismantlable loading system for loading a reactor with bulk material, is described. The dismantlable rail system with a multiplicity of rail segments can be connected to one another to form a self-contained rail system, wherein the individual rail segments have the ability to connect the rail segments to one another. Also provided is at least one rail vehicle for operation on the rail system, having a holding device for containers for receiving the bulk material, and at least one filling station for receiving the bulk material, having a hose present in the floor of the filling station for transporting the bulk material into various areas of the reactor.