Abstract: Two-powder processes for the synthesis of superconducting (Bi, Pb)-2223/Ag-clad wires by the oxide-powder-in-the-robe are provided. The first precursor powder, of nominal stoichiometry CaCuO.sub.x, is a solution-synthesized mixture of Ca.sub.0.45 Cu.sub.0.55 O.sub.2 and CaO. Using these oxide precursor mixtures, superconducting tapes with well-aligned grains and reproducible critical current densities J.sub.c in the range of 20,000 to 26,000 A/cm.sup.2 at 75 K in self-field after annealing less than 200 hours were obtained.

Abstract: By performing a debinder process before or at the time of firing, and by enhancing a programming rate in the temperature range of 650.degree..about.950.degree. C., the size of particles shows less distribution. Also, when the temperature comprising the particle growth range of 1025.degree..about.1200.degree. C. is maintained for many hours, a zinc oxide varistor having relatively large and uniformly formed particles can be provided. When a zinc oxide varistor compound is fired, a solid solution of zinc oxide spinel is fired at the programming rate of 175.degree. to 500.degree. C./hr in the temperature range comprising the primary phase of from 650.degree. to 950.degree. C., and at the programming rate of 30.degree. to 500.degree. C./hr in the range of from 1250.degree. to 1300.degree. C. Accordingly, a zinc oxide varistor having comparatively large and uniformed formed particles can be obtained. Sintered products obtained in this way show less distribution in operating voltage.

Abstract: The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is made zero with reduced noise in a thick film resistor composition essentially consisting of Pb.sub.2 Ru.sub.2 O.sub.6-7, organic vehicle and non-conductive glass by adding Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 up to five weight %.

Abstract: An intrinsically conductive polymer is in the form of a dispersible solid of primary particles with a specific surface area according to BET of >15 m.sup.2 /g and with an average diameter of less than 500 nm, in which preferably not more than 20% of aggregates with an average size >1 .mu.m are present in the particle size range >500 nm. For the manufacture of the polymer the polymerization is carried out in a solvent in which the appropriate monomer is soluble or colloidally dispersible, but in which the polymer that is formed is insoluble, whereby the temperature of the reaction mixture is not allowed to rise more than 5.degree. C. above the starting temperature.

Abstract: A metal oxide is provided which is represented by the compositional formula :(Bi.sub.1-x A.sup.I.sub.x).sub.2 (Sr.sub.y Ca.sub.1-y-z A.sup.II.sub.z).sub.p (Cu.sub.1-r A.sup.III.sub.r).sub.q O.sub..delta.wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5, 0.3.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.7, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.5, 0.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.0.1, 1>y+z, 2>p>11, 1.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.10 and 5.4.ltoreq..delta..ltoreq.24 with the exclusion of x=z=r=0, A.sup.I is at least one element selected from In, Sb, Pb and Sn; A.sup.II is at least one element selected from Na, K, Mg, Ba, and Sn and A.sup.III is at least one element selected from Ti, V, Cu, Ni, Zr, Nb, Ta, Fe and Ru. The metal oxide may further comprise an element selected from lanthanoids and yttrium. The metal oxide material shows superconductivity at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of liquid helium.

Abstract: In the production of a 124-type or 123-type superconductor by a sol-gel method using alkoxides of respective metals, the use of a compound wherein a secbutoxy group and a hydroxy group are coordinated with a copper atom gives a superconductor composed of flat particles having a broad C plane. The dimensional ratio defined by l/d is at least 6.7 in the case of the 124-type or is at least 8.4 in the case of the 123-type. It shows a superconducting property at a liquid nitrogen temperature. This superconductor shows a higher critical current density than one obtained by a sintering method.

Abstract: A superconductive fullerene and a process for making such superconductive fullerene are provided. The process involves contacting a quantity of fullerene with the vapor of an interhalogen compound such as ICl. The halogen doped fullerenes exhibited a transition temperature above 60 K.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electrically conductive layer which is used in patterning of a resist with electric charge beam, which comprises:(a) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of sulfonated polyanilines with a sulfonic group content ranging from 20 to 80% based on the aromatic ring, the sulfonated polyaniline having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 and a molecular weight dispersion of not more than 5,(b) 100 parts by weight of a solvent, and(c) 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of amines and/or quaternary ammonium salts,and if desired, it further comprises 0 to 200 parts by weight of the following substance(s) (A) and/or (B) as component (d):(A) a high molecular weight compound soluble in the aforesaid solvent (b),(B) a surface active agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition and a method of preparing a composition of the formula R.sub.2 Q.sub.4 Cu.sub.7 O.sub.x, wherein R is a rare-earth ion or a mixture of rare earth ions, and Q is Ba, or Ba combined with either Sr or Ca or both Sr and Ca. Such compositions have a unique crystalline structure and are superconducting oxides.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a spreadable conductive polymeric coating having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity including the steps of mixing aromatic solvents in a heated vessel, stirring, and heating to a temperature between 40 and 60 degrees Celsius; adding a quantity of substrate-forming elastomer, which contains no diene monomer, equal to 25% to 40%, by weight, of a conductor powder to be added in a later step; adding a quantity of a paraffin equal to 25% to 40%, by weight, by weight, of the conductor powder to be added and continuing to stir until all solids are dissolved; adding a fine conductor powder and continuing to stir until a smooth paste is formed; and mix-kneading the paste until a substantially uniform dispersion of the fine conductor powder in the paste is achieved.

Abstract: A method for making metal/ceramic superconductor thick film structures including the steps of preparing a silver/superconductor ink, applying the ink to a substrate, evaporating the ink's binder, decomposing a silver compound in the residue to coat the superconductor grains, sintering the coated superconductor grains, and oxygenating the superconductor grains through the silver coating. The resultant inter-granular silver increases the critical current and mechanical strength of the superconductor.

Abstract: The conductive and exothermic fluid material contains a powdery material such as particles of carbon black particles and graphite particles, spherical metal particles, a metal oxide and/or a metal salt, and a binder material such as a synthetic resin varnish or a gluey material. The ratio of the powdery material to the binder material is in the range of from approximately 93 to 7 to approximately 55 to 45. The graphite particles have each a long diameter of 300 microns or shorter and a short diameter of 200 microns or shorter. The spherical metal particles and the metal oxide have each a particle size of 300 microns or shorter.The conductive and exothermic fluid material has a small electrical resistance and it can produce high temperatures with a small magnitude of electric currents.

Abstract: Superconducting compositions characterized by the formula (Pb.sub.a A.sub.1-a)(Sr.sub.b Ba.sub.1-b).sub.2 (Ca.sub.c B.sub.1-c)Cu.sub.2 O.sub.7 wherein at least half the A atoms are Hg and the remainder, if any, are selected from one or more of Cd, Tl and Cu, B is selected from Y and the rare earths, a is from 0.3 to 0.7, b is from 0 to 1 and c is from 0.2 to 0.5 are disclosed. The superconductive compositions display zero-resistance temperatures up to about 80K.

Abstract: Processes are provided for forming composites comprising a LaMnO.sub.3 perovskite coatings (or a related perovskite) on a mat of ceramic particles (e.g., fibers, microballoons, or mixtures thereof) or LaMnO.sub.3 -family sol-gel binders infused into the mat to form the connecting, rigidifying bridges.

Abstract: Compositions, methods of providing compositions, flooring assemblies incorporating compositions, and methods for discharging accumulated electrostatic charges utilizing compositions of conductive adhesive are provided. The compositions comprise a non-conductive adhesive in which a plurality of silver plated or coated conductive fibers are dispersed such that the conductive fibers form an electroconductive chain when applied to a substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an electroconductive resin composition made of:(a) about 100 parts by weight of a polyphenylene ether or a mixture of a polyphenylene ether and a styrene resin having a weight ratio of polyphenylene ether:styrene resin of less than 100:0 to greater than about 5:95;(b) about 1 to about 50 parts by weight of a carboxylic acid amide wax having a high softening point;(c) about 5 to about 35 parts by weight of a carbon black having a dibutylphthalate adsorption of about 70 ml/100 gm or more;(d) optionally 0 to about 50 parts by weight of a rubber material;(e) optionally 0 to about 50 parts by weight of an electroconductive inorganic filler;(f) optionally 0 to about 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin resin; and(g) optionally 0 to about 30 parts by weight of a non-electroconductive inorganic filler. Also provided are an antistatic coating and a molded article made from the resin composition.

Abstract: A superconducting film including 0.1-5% by weight of magnesium oxide wherein the superconducting film has a thickness in a range from 300 to 1000 .mu.m. A superconducting device for magnetic shielding comprises: a substrate; and a superconducting layer supported by the substrate, the superconducting layer including grains of a Bi-type superconducting oxide so that the superconducting layer has a critical temperature higher than -196.degree. C., the superconducting layer having a thickness in a range from 300 to 1,000 .mu.m, the superconducting layer including 0.1-5% by weight of magnesium oxide, where the superconducting device has a laminated structure including the substrate and the superconducting layer. A process for producing a superconducting film comprises the steps of: firing a mixture of calcined powders of a superconducting oxide and 0.1-5% by weight of magnesium oxide powders at a temperature at which the superconducting oxide is partially melted.

Abstract: A superconductive ceramic composite material with high strength and capable of plastic deformation is prepared by mixing and sintering a superconductive powder represented by (RE.sub.x AE.sub.1-x).sub.1-y Cu.sub.y O.sub.z (RE represents Y or a rare-earth element having an atomic number of 57-71, or a combination of at least two of these elements, AE is at least one of alkaline earth elements Ca, Sr and Ba, x is 0.13-0.67, y is 0.25-0.67, and z is 1.08-1.17) and a metal powder M (M represents at least one of noble metals Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt and Au), in a defined ratio. The deformation (e.g., rolling) is followed by reheat-treatment (resintering). The powder mixture can be enclosed in a metallic capsule or made into a clad sheet by interposing the powder within two metallic sheets, and deformed (drawn or press formed into a desired shape) followed by sintering. The composite material may contain a superconductive network of such grains.

Abstract: Process for preparing a high-T.sub.c superconductor as a precursor material for the oxide-powder-in-tube method (OPIT). The present invention relates to a process for preparing a high-T.sub.c superconductor as a precursor material for the oxide-powder-in-tube method, which involves mixing the oxides of the elements Bi, Sr, Ca and Cu and completely melting them at temperatures of .gtoreq.1000.degree. C., then casting the melt onto a substrate which is kept at room temperature, and disintegrating the cooled melt block and grinding it into a powder.

Abstract: Colored, electrically conductive compositions comprising substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines and functionalized protonic acids and blends with insulating and semiconducting substrate polymers or polymers plus solvents are disclosed as are methods of forming colored electrically conductive articles of polyaniline/substrate/acid mixtures.