Abstract: An improved process for the photochlorination of normal paraffins to prepare mono-chlorinated alkanes, in which the normal paraffin feed stream is only partially chlorinated and the unreacted normal paraffins separated and recycled, the recycled unreacted paraffin being treated with a basic material capable of removing polar impurities therefrom which may hinder the photochlorination reaction.

Abstract: A crosslinking reagent consisting of a first functional group capable of forming a covalent derivative with a material of interest; a second functional group capable of forming an in situ bond to a neighboring material upon activation; a cleavable bond separating said first and second groups; and a radioactive marker to identify the neighboring material after cleavage of said bond, whereby in situ protein interactions can be studied.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diagnostic kit based on a one step hybridization procedure and method of using the kit for identifying the nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria contained in a single sample. The procedure requires two nucleic acid reagents for each microbe or group of microbes to be identified.

Abstract: Described herein is the production of two products which are distinct species of anti-malignin antibody, and the production of three artificially produced species of cell each of which has the distinguishing characteristic of manufacturing either one or both species of anti-malignin antibody. These anti-malignin products are useful to detect the presence of cancerous or malignant tumor cells. These anti-malignin products attach preferentially to cancerous or malignant tumor cells in cell collections in vitro or in vivo and thus can be detected by any attached visible or other signal emitter. This preferential attachment to malignant tumor cells also makes these products useful for metabolic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: An immunoassay process for the detection of an antigen in a sample, which comprises: (a) forming a mixture of the sample with (1) a preformed complex of a primary antibody and a secondary binding macromolecule therefor, wherein the primary antibody is present at low concentrations and has substantial specificity for the antigen, the secondary binding macromolecule has substantial affinity for the Fc portion of the primary antibody, and the second binding macromolecule is affinity purified; and with (2) a detectably labeled form of the antigen; (b) incubating the mixture formed in step (a) for a time sufficient to allow the antigen and the detectably labeled antigen to competitively bind to the primary antibody of the preformed complex; (c) detecting the separated complex or the separated suspension medium.

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for diagnosing plant viroid diseases and viruses. Plant sap is bound to a solid support and the bound sample probed with a radioactively labelled DNA that is complementary to the viroid or to the nucleic acid of the virus being diagnosed. The radioactively labelled cDNA hybridizes with that viroid or virus RNA or DNA for which it is specific. DNA-RNA and DNA-DNA hybrids are detected by autoradiographic examination of the hybridized material.

Abstract: The invention provides an immuno-reactant, being either an antigen or an antibody covalently bonded to a cross-linked film, more particularly composed of cross-linked protein or peptides, enveloping a carrier body, e.g. a solid, non-porous glass bead of 6 mm diameter. The immuno-logically active parts of the immuno-reactant are present on the surface in a form in which they are available for immunosorption. If the immuno-reactant is a protein, e.g. an antibody, it can provide all or part of the film-forming material. In a particular embodiment the film carries antibodies against a second type of antibody which is captured immunosorptively to form a "double layer" carrier-bound immunosorbent, the antigen capturing sites of the second type of antibody providing the immunosorption sites of the product. The immunosorbents are used, for example, for RIA or ELISA assays.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentration of an antigen in a sample solution comprising(a) coating an antigen-protein conjugate onto a solid matrix,(b) conjugating an enzyme to an antibody specific for said antigen,(c) to a known quantity of a solution containing the antibody-enzyme conjugate of (b) adding a specified quantity of a sample containing an unknown amount of the antigen whose content is to be determined,(d) contacting the coated solid matrix of (a) with the solution (c) and incubate so as to effect binding between the antibody and antigen, some of the antigen being that from the sample and some being that on the solid matrix,(e) removing the solid matrix from the solution and washing,(f) immersing the solid matrix in a solution containing a known amount of an enzyme-substrate which is acted upon by the enzyme so as to effect reaction between the enzyme and enzyme-substrate to produce a product, and then separating the solid matrix from the solution of enzyme-substrate, and(g) then measuring the so

Abstract: Antibodies having binding affinity for two desired antigens, hereinafter "recombinant monoclonal antibodies"; recombinant monoclonal antibodies produced by a quadroma cell or a trioma cell; and methods for producing recombinant monoclonal antibodies by means of a quadroma cell or a trioma cell, wherein a quadroma cell is the fusion product of a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to one desired antigen and a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity for another desired antigen, and wherein a trioma cell is the fusion product of a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to one desired antigen and a lymphocyte which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to another desired antigen.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing and purifying metal chelate conjugated monoclonal antibodies are described. The chelated metal may be one which emits alpha, beta or gamma radiation, or positrons. Alternatively, the metal can be one which is fluorogenic or paramagnetic. The conjugates are suited for diagnostic and therapeutic uses.

Abstract: Colorectal carcinoma is detected by testing body fluids for the colorectal carcinoma monosialoganglioside identified by monoclonal antibodies produced by fused cell hybrid ATCC HB 8059.

Abstract: A method for the detection and/or determination of an antigen having at least two separate antibody combining sites or antigenic determinants (i.e. a polyvalent antigen) using at least two different monoclonal antibodies which bind to the separate sites is described. In particular the method utilizes Protein A with a carrier to immobilize a first monoclonal antibody which in turn, can bind to one antigenic determinant on the antigen. The second antibody with a label is provided in a solution and binds to the second antigenic determinant on the antigen. A test kit is described for practicing the method. Novel anti-PGH synthase and anti-PGI.sub.2 synthase antibodies and hybridoma cells producing such antibodies are described.

Abstract: A radioassay test for the rapid and sensitive determination of the concentration of monosialoglycosphingolipid G.sub.M1 ganglioside concentrations in small volumes of cerebrospinal fluid from individual patients is based on the high affinity interaction between cholera enterotoxin and G.sub.M1 ganglioside. The level of G.sub.M1 ganglioside present in the cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be an indicator of active central nervous system pathology. In the present invention, the use of highly specific toxins eliminates cross reactivity with the other gangliosides, thereby eliminating the need to process the cerebrospinal sample prior to assay, except for centrifugation. Results of a specific application of the subject radioassay to newborn infants and older infants and children (some of the latter having active neurologic disease) indicated that the G.sub.M1 ganglioside concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is probably a function of both central nervous system tissue ganglioside content and turnover.

Abstract: A continuous hybridoma cell line which secretes recoverable quantities of monoclonal antibodies having specificity against Vitamin B.sub.6, which antibodies are useful in a method for detecting the presence of vitamin B.sub.6 in an animal sample.

Abstract: Vitamin B.sub.12 in liquid samples, such as human serum or human plasma, is assayed by a competitive binding technique using intrinsic factor and certain labelled vitamin B.sub.12 derivatives. The labelled derivatives are formed from the (d)-monocarboxylic acid isomer of vitamin B.sub.12, which isomer is free from other monocarboxylic acid isomers (and derivatives thereof) of vitamin B.sub.12, by binding to the (d)-isomer, via the carboxylic group, a compound which is itself a label (e.g. an enzyme) or which comprises a label (e.g. a fluorophore), or to which a label is attached (e.g. a histidine ester to which .sup.125 I is attached). The labelled derivatives of the (d)-monocarboxylic acid of vitamin B.sub.12, free from other isomeric monocarboxylic acids and derivatives, are novel and constitute one aspect of the invention.

Abstract: Novel plasmin compositions, conditioned for labelling with technetium-99m by containing a pertechnetate reducing reagent, and plasmin admixed with a plasmin stabilizing agent.The novel compositions are particularly suited for the preparation of technetium-99m labelled plasmin used as a scintigraphic scanning agent for the detection of venous thrombosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing microcapsules in a liquid vehicle, allowing to microencapsulate both water soluble and water insoluble substances, using either ionic or non-ionic systems, in which the membrane enclosing the core of the microcapsules is formed by a polymer selected from the group of the phthalates, and more particularly by hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate.

Abstract: A process for determining the presence of an antigen or antibody in a sample wherein said antigen or antibody exists in the form of an immune complex which comprises:A. contacting the immune complex originating from the sample suspected of containing immune complex with a dissociating buffer whereby said immune complex, if present, is dissociated into antigen and antibody;B. contacting a solid support which binds proteins with said dissociating buffer suspected of containing antigen or antibody and removing said buffer;C. washing said solid support;D. adding protein to fill unoccupied sites on said solid support;E. adding radioactively labeled or enzyme labeled antibody or antigen to said solid support, said labeled antibody or antigen corresponding to antigen or antibody on said solid support, incubating the resultant mass and washing the same;F. measuring the radioactivity or enzymatic activity associated with the solid support.

Abstract: Radioactive staining of gels is employed to identify proteins. A radioactive stain composition is formed by introducing radioactive iron isotope into ferrous bathophenanthroline sulfonate by adding crystalline ascorbic acid and acetic acid to a .sup.59 FeCl.sub.3 solution, adding aqueous BPS solution after the dissolution of the crystals, and adding methanol and acetic acid to yield the radioactive stain composition. Alternatively, the radioactive stain composition may be formed by bombarding a non-radioactive stain with thermal neutrons. The method of identifying proteins with the radioactive stain composition basically comprises the steps of placing the protein in the gel, forming a radioactic stain composition, and applying the radioactivated stain composition to the gel. To demonstrate the protein present, either a gamma scintillation counting technique or radioautography is preferably employed.

Abstract: Photochemical reactions are carried out by passing the fluid to be irradiated through a plurality of capillaries, each of which is surrounded by an actinic-radiation emitting plasma; the capillaries being transparent to the radiation. By banding the capillaries with a radiation-opaque material, the fluid being treated can repeatedly be subjected to brief periods of irradiation, alternating with periods of non-irradiation, during each pass through the capillaries.