Abstract: In a system for measuring the time delay existing between two pattern related random signals of similar but not identical modulated characteristics, utilizing the techniques of cross correlation, two analogue input signals are digitally quantized into binary form according to signal polarity. The first or leading quantized signal is delayed by a series of sequential time intervals or sampling periods to provide a time controlled sequence of delayed leading-signals at equal intervals. These delayed leading-signals are compared by a multiplication technique with the quantized second or lagging-signal, the occurrence when the signals correspond being summed in a series of overflow counters. The rate of filling of the responsive counters is proportional to the respective degree of correspondence and leads to one counter overflowing first, being indicative of the most probable time delay between the two signals.

Abstract: A beam-of-light (BOL) sensor having means for regulating the intensity of the sensor light source to compensate for extraneous factors in the operating environment, e.g. dust accumulation, that may affect consistent sensor operation. The BOL sensor includes a photosensor whose output signal is compared against a reference signal to determine if the light source intensity is of the proper level. The comparison signal is transformed into a digital pulse that adjusts the stored count of a counter upward or downward in accordance with the comparison of the photosensor signal and reference signal. The adjusted count is converted to analog form and fed back to drive the light source.A trailing edge detector enables the counter to count up or down when an object is in the sensing station defined by the light source and photosensor.

Abstract: In a wide tuning range nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, the probe structure includes a series resonant pick-up coil circuit disposed in RF magnetic field exchanging relation with the sample under analysis for detecting nuclear magnetic resonance of the sample. A variable capacitor is series resonated with the inductance of the pick-up coil and the capacitor is arranged for tuning the series resonance of the pick-up coil over a wide tuning range, for example, from 6 to 32 megahertz. The low series resonant impedance of the pick-up coil, as of 1.5 to 5 .OMEGA., is matched to the relatively high input impedance, as of 50 ohms, of a low noise RF amplifier by means of a pair of series connected transmission line transformers for transforming the 50 ohm input impedance of the amplifier to the low series resonance impedance of the pick-up coil.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet assembly includes two pole faces spaced to provide a gap in which is established a uniform magnetic field. The pole pieces have pole faces that are flat and parallel. The pole pieces are mounted on support plates one of which is fixed and the other of which is movable about a pivot point with two degrees of freedom of movement in response to adjustment of two adjustable mechanisms. Each adjustment mechanism includes a differential screw that produces a transverse movement and a longitudinally inclined pin or pins that translates such transverse movement into a much greatly reduced longitudinal movement. The combination of a differential screw and inclined pin provides a very fine adjustment of the parallelism of the pole faces. Each mechanism further includes means for providing a coarse adjustment.

Abstract: In a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, the probe structure includes an analysis channel RF magnetic coil disposed in RF magnetic field exchanging relation with a sample of gyromagnetic resonators under analysis for detecting nuclear magnetic resonance of the sample. A control group of nuclear magnetic resonators is also disposed in the sample region and nuclear magnetic resonance of the control group is excited and detected by a second RF magnetic coil. The control RF coil is formed and arranged relative to the sample RF magnetic coil to minimize cross coupling between the sample and control channels. In a preferred embodiment, the control RF magnetic coil is coaxially disposed of the analysis RF coil and is further segmented into a pair of axially spaced portions disposed at opposite ends of the analysis coil and connected in magnetic field bucking relation relative to each other so that the RF magnetic field generated by the control RF coil cancels in the region of the analysis RF coil.

Abstract: In a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer a gate is employed for time share multiplexing of the resonance and transmitter signals. An improved gate circuit is connected in series between the receiver and the resonance detecting circuit employed for picking up resonance of the sample. The improved gate circuit includes a pair of parallel connected branches of PIN diodes connected between the input and output terminals of the gate. The diodes in each parallel branch are poled toward an intermediate control node in such a manner so that a positive control potential applied to the control of one branch node turns that branch on and conversely a negative control potential applied to the other control node turns on the other branch. Equal magnitude and opposite sign control pulses are applied to the control nodes so that transient switching signals, tending to leak through the gate, cancel on the output line to the RF receiver.

Abstract: A temperature-responsive circuit comprising an ECTS reed switch and an interrogation means for determining the operability and accuracy of the temperature-responsive portion of the circuit.

Abstract: An authentication method for standardized objects, such as in particular monetary articles, in which an object to be authenticated is introduced into the field located between an emitter and a receiver delivering at least an alternative physical quantity, whose quantitative alteration produced by the presence of said object in said field is measured, the result being compared with a reference value pre-stored in a memory and distinctive of the object to authenticate, whereby, within a tolerance approximation, an authentication criterion is deducted, method characterized by the fact that said alteration is measured at different frequencies, that corresponding alterations are successively measured and then simultaneously compared with said respective reference quantities.

Abstract: A check synchroniser for checking the synchronism between two alternating voltages comprises means for forming pulses corresponding to the frequency and phase of the two voltages to be synchronized, the width of the pulses depending upon the allowable frequency and phase error between the two voltages, the pulses representing the frequencies of the two voltages being wider than the pulses representing the phases of the two voltages, means for comparing the time coincidence between the pulses of both sets and means for indicating when the pulses of both sets partially or completely overlap.

Abstract: Optical apparatus for determining the angle at which light is reflected by a surface being scanned by light spot, wherein in the area of the light beams emanating from the surface is provided a lamellar stepped mirror arrangement which extends in the scanning direction and whose individual planar mirrors are arranged parallel to one another and deflect the light which strikes them to an optical system on whose focal plane is arranged a photo detector array extending at right angles to the optical axis.A particular application occurs in conjunction with monitoring webs of fabric or paper for surface irregularities faults or errors.

Abstract: The relative amounts of liquid phase versus vapor phase of a mixed phase resistively conductive fluid, such as boiling water, is determined by an indirect measurement of admittance between a poled pair of electrodes within a cross section of a flow path in the fluid comprising part of an electrical circuit by providing an oscillating power source therein with an alternating voltage on the order of 1-30 kilohertz across the electrode pair generating a voltage drop across a load resistance in the loop which electric parameter varies as a function of admittance in the fluid between electrodes--as affected by liquid void fractions therein, the voltage drop signal so produced being divided by a similar voltage drop which varies as a function of admittance of liquid from the same fluid to determine liquid fraction (and by subtraction from unity, vapor fraction), with compensation for conductivity change, the measuring process further including the isolation of reactive and resistive cross conduction outside the mea

Abstract: A circuit utilized in a cell capacity grading machine for discharging a cell to a predetermined cell voltage which approximates the total discharge of the capacity of the cell. An indicator is provided for automatically indicating the termination of discharge of the cell and for initiating a cell ejection. Cells are capacity graded by ejection from a movable transport at spaced locations, each location corresponding to cells having a predetermined capacity range.

Abstract: A method is described for the quantitative analysis of a solution in which the solvent produces a nuclear magnetic resonant (NMR) spectral peak that dominates the system. A first spectrum containing the peak is made by operation of a nuclear magnetic resonant spectrometer at a first gain setting. The NMR apparatus is a pulse-modulated, Fourier-transform type spectrometer. A second spectrum is produced in which a 180.degree. pulse is applied to invert the spectral component magnetization followed after a period of time by a 90.degree. pulse. The period of time is sufficient to allow the solvent or component producing the unwanted peak to relax from the inverted state to a point where there is minimum magnetization along the longitudinal axis. At this point, in many solutions the other components have completely relaxed so that the 90.degree.

Abstract: The time interval between two consecutive pulse signals, as occurring for instance in nondestructive ultrasonic pulse-echo testing, is measured by measuring with a counting frequency the width of the interval start pulse signal and the width of the interval stop pulse signal at respective base lines, and the time interval between both stated signals. Using either two different counting frequencies having a ratio of two to one, or utilizing summing and dividing means the time interval between the start and the stop pulse signals is determined with negligible error.

Abstract: A vortex restraining plug for an NMR spinning sample tube which floats partially submerged in the sample and which restrains vortexing.

Abstract: An electrical surge arrester tester comprising two surge arrester test leads and a voltage generator for generating and applying DC voltage of continuously increasing magnitudes to the surge arrester test leads. A monitor is provided for continuously and simultaneously monitoring the magnitude of DC voltages being applied to, and the current being conducted across, the surge arrester test leads. A counter is provided for digitally recording the monitored firing voltage when the monitored current exceeds a preselected magnitude. A terminator circuit is provided for terminating the generation and application of voltage by the voltage generator upon recording of the firing voltage. A digital display is also provided for displaying the digitally recorded firing voltage.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the position of a magnetic rod moving along the longitudinal axis of an induction coil. The induction coil is fed by means of a constant current AC supply and the resulting voltage appearing across the terminals of the induction coil is measured. Then, the reactive component value of that voltage is determined which is representative of the position occupied by the magnetic rod in the coil.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the time integral of a signal between pairs of time points comprises a ramp voltage generator and a plurality of pairs of potentiometers. A comparator circuit is associated with each potentiometer to provide a switching signal at the time point when the ramp voltage becomes equal to the potentiometer voltage. The switching signals are applied to a gate which is held open between each pair of time points to allow the signal to be measured to be passed to a suitable measuring means. Such measuring means may comprise a voltage-to-frequency converter and a counter so that the output of the counter represents the time integral of the signal.

Abstract: The relative amounts of liquid phase versus vapor phase of a mixed phase nonconductive fluid such as oil or fuel; or the relative amounts of solids versus gas of a mixed flow of nonconductive particles and gas such as pneumatically conveyed plastic pellets and other material is determined by capacitive measurement taken in several distributed directions overlapping within the cross section of a flow path by providing a rotating electric field therein with an alternating voltage on the order of 10-100 kilohertz, with capacitive measurement produced by the rotated field being proportional to the liquid or solid fraction (and by subtraction from unity, vapor or gas fraction), the rotating electrical field being produced by sequentially rotating the electrical position of six plates equally spaced around the periphery of the cross section to be measured, the plate structure and insulations defining a flow measuring cross section or being spaced on the outer periphery of a nonconductive flow tube with allowance fo

Abstract: A method for testing the electrolyte of a high temperature electrochemical cell and a system for carrying out this testing method so that the condition of the electrolyte can be monitored during its use. The method includes impressing an alternating current across the electrodes of the electrolyte of the high temperature electrochemical cell to determine the resistance of the electrolyte and the electrodes connected to the electrolyte.