Abstract: A refrigerating device is provided whose burden on the environment is small, and in which a high amount of heat can be removed, and in which return of refrigerating device oil to a compressor is good. In the refrigerating device, carbon dioxide is circulated as a refrigerant through a refrigerating circuit in which at least a refrigerant compressor, a heat releasing device, an expansion mechanism and an evaporator are connected in an annular arrangement by refrigerant pipes. The refrigerating device oil used in the compressor has a viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 300 cSt, a volume specific resistivity of at least 108 &OHgr;·cm, and a pour point of no higher than −30° C. when the carbon dioxide is dissolved to saturation. Organic materials which do not physically and/or chemically change due to high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide are used in the refrigerating circuit. The refrigerating circuit is provided with a device for trapping moisture within the refrigerating circuit.

Abstract: A condenser of a refrigerant cycle system includes a first heat exchange unit into which refrigerant discharged from a compressor flows, a second heat exchange unit disposed at a downstream of the first heat exchange unit in a refrigerant flow direction, and a gas-liquid separator disposed between the first and second heat exchange units in the refrigerant flow direction. In the refrigerant cycle system, at least gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator flows into the second heat exchange unit so that an amount of liquid refrigerant stored in the gas-liquid separator is changed in accordance with a super-heating degree of refrigerant discharged from the compressor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for refrigerating and, if desired, liquefying an industrial gas wherein a multicomponent refrigerant fluid is used to generate refrigeration in a single circuit which includes a single phase separation and recycle after an initial heat exchange stage.

Abstract: A separation device which does not produce ultra-pure products. At least one distillation column which has a diameter of at least 4 m and/or is configured for operation at a pressure above 4.5 bar, consists of non-oxidizing steel or steel containing 9 to 10% by weight nickel. The separation device can be an air separation device.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas cooled hydrogen storage element which includes a hydrogen storage alloy material in which hydrogen flow channels are provided. The flow channels provide pathways through the hydrogen storage material to allow for high speed hydrogen gas flow. A portion of the high speed hydrogen flow is stored within the storage material which releases its heat of hydride formation. The remainder of the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen storage material at a sufficient mass flow rate to remove the heat of hydride formation.

Abstract: Method for separating a pressurized hydrocarbon mixture containing at least a more volatile component and a less volatile component. The method comprises (a) cooling and partially condensing the hydrocarbon mixture to yield a first hydrocarbon vapor and a first hydrocarbon liquid; (b) work expanding at least a portion of the first hydrocarbon vapor and introducing it into a distillation column at a first column location; (c) reducing the pressure of the first hydrocarbon liquid and introducing it into the distillation column at a second column location; and (d) withdrawing an overhead vapor enriched in the more volatile component from the distillation column; cooling, partially condensing, and separating the overhead vapor to provide a condensed overhead liquid and an uncondensed vapor overhead, introducing the condensed overhead liquid into the distillation column as reflux, and withdrawing from the bottom of the distillation column a stream enriched in the less volatile component.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water (moisture), carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, methane and trace metals from crude hydrogen bromide and the apparatus for purifying such crude hydrogen bromide.

Abstract: An aerodynamic shaped deflector is attached to the roof of a truck cab for reducing drag between the cab and the larger rearward cargo body. The deflector has a front wall with an internal air scoop for channeling air to a refrigeration unit attached to the front wall of the cargo body. The scoop channels air to the refrigeration unit through an opening and grill at the rear of the scoop. The deflector may have an opening in a top wall thereof to permit escape of hot air from the refrigeration unit to the ambient atmosphere. The scoop and its grill at the rear thereof with openings are dimensioned to pass sufficient air required by the refrigeration unit heat exchange coils.

Abstract: A self-cooling container apparatus for retaining a food item, including a container having a tubular container side wall and a container bottom wall having a certain configuration and being integrally joined to the container side wall and having a container lid; a receptacle having a tubular receptacle side wall and a receptacle bottom wall integrally joined to the receptacle side wall, the receptacle bottom wall having a configuration matching the certain configuration of the container bottom wall and abutting the container bottom wall such that pressure greater than ambient pressure within the receptacle is fully transmitted to the container bottom wall to enhance container column strength; the receptacle side wall and container side wall being spaced apart from each other to define therebetween an annular space for retaining refrigerant, the container side wall having a container side wall upper end configured as a container rim and the receptacle side wall having a receptacle side wall upper end configure

Abstract: A system for providing refrigeration to a heat load, especially over a larger temperature range and at a cryogenic temperature, wherein magnetic refrigeration cools a heat transfer medium to provide higher level refrigeration to a refrigeration fluid, and lower level refrigeration is provided to the fluid using a nonmagnetic system.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide/cofluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the cofluid. The mixture includes from 50% to 95% cofluid and from 5% to 50% carbon dioxide. The cofluid is selected so that the mixture falls within region A of the plot of pvap versus &Dgr;hsoln shown in FIG. 3. The &Dgr;hsoln of the mixture is the differential heat of solution of the carbon dioxide in the cofluid at 5 wt % and 0° C. The pvap of the mixture is the vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide over the solution at 20 wt % and 40° C.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for preventing the evaporation of a liquefied gas stored in an impervious and thermally insulating tank built into a bearing structure of a ship or located in a set of floating or land-side storage tanks. The device passes a fluid refrigerant through the mass of liquefied gas to cool the mass to a temperature slightly below its reference storage temperature. By so doing, the refrigerant compensates for the heating of the mass, due to thermal leaks within the insulating tank, during the transport or storage of the liquefied gas.

Abstract: A method for producing slush from liquefied gas wherein solid crystals are formed and mixed with the liquefied gas to produce slush. The solid crystals are produced from liquid particles which are released into or enter a gas atmosphere under pressure, wherein the temperature of the gas atmosphere is below the freezing point of the liquid particles. A device is also provided for producing the slush from liquefied gas in a cryostat container which is partly filled with the liquefied gas which mixes with the solid crystals to produce slush. The device has an atomizing device for producing the liquid particles from the liquefied gas supplied to it. The liquid particles enter a gas atmosphere which exists above the liquefied gas in the container.

Abstract: A refrigerant cycle is provided with an expansion device that is movable between a normal mode of operation and a low charge mode of operation. In the low charge mode of operation, the expansion device does not lower the pressure of the refrigerant as much as it does in its normal mode of operation. In this way, the relatively high pressure ratios that are experienced by a compressor during a low charge operation will not be experienced. Instead, the pressure ratio across the compressor is reduced during low charge operation, and the compressor will be better protected.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cooling device which solves various problems such as the economical efficiency, pulsation of cold air, etc. In a cooling device of the present invention, the compressor and the expander are coupled to one crank shaft or interlocked crank shafts so as to use the expansion energy from the compressed air in the expander as an energy for compressing the outside air in the compressor, thereby reducing the running cost. Moreover, a plurality of expanders are operated with a predetermined phase difference with respect to one another so as to reduce the pulsation of the cold air. Furthermore, an air dryer is provided along a pipe for introducing air into the expander so as to dehumidify the air before expansion. Moreover, the crank device for the compressor and the expander is preferably provided with a planetary gear mechanism.

Abstract: This reboiler-condenser (1) comprises two exchanger parts (2A, 2B) one placed above the other. The lower part (2A), immersed in the liquid, has supplied vaporization passages (8A). The vapour which leaves therefrom is sent to the inlet of the vaporization passages (8B) of the upper part and liquid is delivered into the stream of vapour which penetrates each of these passages. Application to the vaporization of liquid oxygen by the condensation of nitrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of storing gas using gas hydrates comprising forming gas hydrates in the presence of a water-surfactant solution that comprises water and surfactant. The addition of minor amounts of surfactant increases the gas hydrate formation rate, increases packing density of the solid hydrate mass and simplifies the formation-storage-decomposition process of gas hydrates. The minor amounts of surfactant also enhance the potential of gas hydrates for industrial storage applications.

Abstract: A two spool environmental control system includes a low pressure spool subsystem comprising a low pressure turbine and a condenser downstream of the low pressure turbine. A high pressure spool subsystem is in air flow communication with the low pressure spool subsystem and includes the condenser, a first water extractor in air communication with the condenser, a high pressure turbine downstream of the condenser, a second water extractor in air flow communication with the condenser, and a reheater downstream of the high pressure turbine.

Abstract: The distillation unit includes at least one cryogenic distilling column and at least one heat exchanger, arranged in a chamber with a double casing in which the intermediate partition contains a solid insulator. The unit can be on board offshore floating terminals and drilling platforms.

Abstract: This bath reboiler-condenser (4), of the brazed plate type, includes vaporization passages (11) subdivided into a plurality of stacked vaporization regions (13A to 13C) each of which is immersed in a partial height bath (28A to 28C), and means for feeding the top vaporization region (13C) with liquid. The vaporization regions (13A to 13C) are spaced vertically and each region is entirely open at its top and bottom ends. Application to the main reboiler-condensers of double air distillation columns.