Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a singular scroll compressor, a condenser and a compressor. The system is charged with R410A refrigerant. The system finds particular use in an environment testing and conditioning apparatus having means to deliver conditioned air efficiently to a test chamber. The apparatus comprises the test chamber and an air plenum chamber.

Abstract: Column for the cryogenic separation of gaseous mixtures comprising: liquid traps (10, 26, 27) located between two active zones (5, 14, 28, 29) consisting of a cylindrical container with a perforated bottom (11) and defining, with the column, an annular space (9) through which the ascending gases pass; internal linings (30, 31) of the column, means (15) for causing the ascending gases to pass into the said internal linings (30, 31) and means (18) for causing the said gases and the liquid they contain to leave the said linings (30, 31), returning them to the interior of the column above the said liquid trap (10, 26, 27); external jackets (21, 32, 33) of the column, comprising means (22, 34, 35) of introducing a cooling fluid (23) into their lower part and means (24, 36, 37) of extracting the said fluid from their upper part, the said external jacket (21, 32, 33) allowing heat transfers between the said fluid (23) and the matter circulating in the internal lining (30, 31); and means (38) for introducing a li

Abstract: The present invention is an improved dry ice pellet manufacturing system including an automated helical injection system, a chamber having a greater filter screen ratio than prior art designs and a compressing mechanism. The automated helical injection system enables injected CO2 to follow an approximately helical path inside the extrusion chamber, such that CO2 snow begins to form, and is packed, at the die end of the chamber. The automated injection subsystem provides maximum ice production, the present system utilizes both staggered injection rates and a valve arrangement that improve (increases) upon the amount of CO2 injected into the extrusion chamber over time. The present invention further utilizes a chamber having a greater filter screen ratio than currently is used in the art. The extrusion chamber of the improved pelletizer of the present invention has approximately a 35% or greater filter screen ratio; filter screen ratio being defined as the ratio of filter screen area to chamber bore area.

Abstract: A system and a method for efficiently removing natural gas liquids from a natural gas stream at an elevated pressure and liquefying the natural gas stream at an elevated pressure by use of a turbo expander and a compressor.

Abstract: In a freeze-concentrating apparatus, an aqueous solution is cooled by a cooling cylinder 22 serving as a heat exchanger for cooling to continuously produce a suspension containing ice crystals. A liquid component is separated and discharged from the suspension to increase the ratio of the ice crystals, and the ice crystals are grown to produce a column-shaped ice cake. The ice cake is cut into an ice pillar of a given length and a concentrated solution is taken out from the ice pillar.

Abstract: A refrigeration system to be located at carbon dioxide using locations for providing cooled or sub-cooled liquid carbon dioxide at temperatures as low as minus 65° F. to various liquid carbon dioxide dispensing/using devices. The system is capable of being added to virtually every type of carbon dioxide storage vessel used at customer sites, and is especially useful where relatively short carbon dioxide use periods are involved, as the hybrid refrigeration cycle utilizes the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage vessel as a rechargeable refrigeration sink.

Abstract: A cold accumulating material comprises a set of particulate cold accumulating substances, pores formed between the particulate cold accumulating substances, and a binder for mutually binding the particulate cold accumulating substances, wherein a porosity of the cold accumulating material is 15-70 vol %. A median diameter of the pores existing in the cold accumulating material is preferably set to 10-300 &mgr;m. An oxygen concentration at an area ranging from a surface of the particulate cold accumulating substance to a portion having a depth of 100 angstroms (A) from the surface is preferably set to 5-80 at %.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for cryogenically freezing materials, such as rubber, food, plastics which provides a first air compressor for compressing the ambient air to between 5 and 6 atmospheres, a means for cooling the air back to an ambient temperature, a second compressor system for compressing the air to between 10 to 12 atmospheres, a second cooling system for cooling the air in two stages to 40° F., means for removing carbon dioxide and water moisture from the air following each of its compression and cooling stages, and an expansion turbine for allowing the compressed air to expand and cool to cryogenic temperatures that is fed to the material to be processed. A feedback loop having a valve is also provided so that a portion of the cooled and dried compressed air is fed back through a heat exchanger to the input of the first compressor after the cooled material has been stabilized in order to control the output temperature of the apparatus.

Abstract: A cryogenic air separation system wherein pressure energy is supplied by a bridge machine having one or more booster compressors and a multicomponent refrigerant fluid compressor of a multicomponent refrigerant fluid circuit, all of the compressors of the bridge machine driven by power supplied through a single gear case.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided by which a high temperature superconductor can be cooled to a lower temperature easily and conveniently at a low cost. In the cooling method and apparatus according to the present invention, a high temperature superconductor constituting a cable (50) is cooled by liquid refrigerant (41). The refrigerant (41) is cooled by a refrigerator (10) to or below the freezing point which is given by the refrigerant having a stationary state in the cooling system. The cooled refrigerant is forced to flow and circulated by a pump (34), and such a physical action maintains the refrigerant in a fluid state at a temperature equal to or lower than the freezing point. A viscometer (61) may be used to measure the viscosity of the refrigerant to modulate the flow rate of the refrigerant according to the measured viscosity. According to the present invention, liquid nitrogen is maintained in a fluid state at approximately 45 K, for example.

Abstract: Each spacing member (3) between the internal tube (2) for the transfer of fluid and the external envelope (1) have a contact zone (30) at least with the envelope (1) having an angular extent less than 90°, the contact zones with the envelope (30) and with the tube (31) being angularly offset. The spacing member (3) is made of a non-metallic material with low thermal conductivity and is coated, at least on its axial surfaces, with a layer of reflecting product, typically a metallic deposit. Use in the transfer of super-cold fluids, in particular liquid helium.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator oil composition comprising a refrigerant that comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) as the essential component, and an ester-based lubricating oil composition; wherein the ratio of refrigerant/lubricating oil composition falls between 99/1 and 10/90 by weight. The refrigerator oil composition has good lubricity and sealability and can be stably used for a long period of time in a compression refrigeration cycle in which is used a refrigerant comprising CO2 as the essential component. Also provided is a method of using the composition for lubricating a compression refrigeration cycle equipped with an oil separator and/or a hot gas line.

Abstract: A work vehicle is disclosed, the vehicle including first and second hydraulic circuits provided with first and second fluids, wherein the fluids are to be is kept apart; at least one fluid cooler for cooling at least one of the fluids; and a means for transferring heat from the hotter fluid to the cooler fluid. Also disclosed is a fluid cooling apparatus for a work vehicle, the work vehicle including a transmission with a first fluid and a hydraulic circuit with a second fluid. The cooling apparatus includes at least one fluid cooler for cooling at least one of the fluids, and an apparatus for transferring heat from the hotter fluid to the other fluid. Also disclosed is a method of cooling fluids of a work vehicle provided with a first hydraulic circuit including a first fluid and a second hydraulic circuit including a second fluid, the fluids to be kept separate. At least one of the hydraulic circuits includes a fluid cooler and a pump.

Abstract: A pulse tube refrigerator includes a refrigerating portion including a regenerator, a low temperature heat exchanger, a pulse tube and a high temperature heat exchanger fluidically connected in this order. A first pressure oscillator includes a first compression source, a first high pressure supply valve, and a first low pressure supply valve. The regenerator is connected with outlet and inlet ports of the first compression source via the first high pressure supply valve and the first low pressure supply valve, respectively. A second pressure oscillator is provided independently of the first pressure oscillator and has a second compression source, a second high pressure supply valve, and a second low pressure supply valve. The high temperature heat exchanger is connected with outlet and inlet ports of the second compression source via the second high pressure supply valve and the second low pressure supply valve, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process to extract heat and to solidify molten material particles. A flow of molten material is traversed by a high pressure dispersing/cooling flow to form particles of molten or semi-molten material. The particles impinge against a transporting device, which transport them to a collecting place. The transporting device is provided with a vibrator, which provides a vibrating movement to the transporting device to prevent the particles which are still cooling-off from being agglomerated again. A flow of a low pressure dispersing/cooling could be provided, which substantially transversely traverses said flow of particles of molten or semi-molten material which fall towards the transporting device, in order to enhance the dispersion and cooling-off effects of the particles. A hopper could be provided to collect the particles and to carry them to the transporting device.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from water to liquid nitrogen. As heat is transferred from the water to the liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the water becomes lower and the liquid nitrogen converts to gaseous nitrogen. The cooled water and gaseous nitrogen are used by one or more semiconductor fabrication equipment in the semiconductor fabrication process. Thus, overall power consumption of the semiconductor fabrication process is lowered because water is cooled by passing the water by liquid nitrogen to convert the liquid nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen for use in the semiconductor fabrication process.

Abstract: An improved dry ice pelletizer and method for significantly increased pellet production. The improvement consists of multiple injection ports used for the timed introduction of liquid carbon dioxide into a dry ice extrusion cylinder so that the cylinder can be more completely filled with carbon dioxide snow before extrusion takes place. Part of the improvement stems from the use of a solid mass of carbon dioxide, called a puck, which is chamfered and serves to capture carbon dioxide vapor and snow within the compression cylinder. The resulting improvement in carbon dioxide pellet output is roughly 400% over that achieved by conventional methods. The inventive improvement may also be installed as a retrofit to conventional dry ice pellet extrusion machines.

Abstract: The packing (1) with cross channel structure for a material exchange column (2) should have a high specific separation performance. The packing is specifiable by a specific surface area, a, and an inclination angle of the passages, &phgr;.

Abstract: A cryogenic cooling system is configured to control the flow of a heat transfer fluid through a remote thermal load, such as a superconducting magnet or rotor. The cryogenic cooling system includes a refrigerator including a cryogenically cooled surface and a cryogenic fluid transport device disposed within the refrigerator for circulating a heat transfer fluid between the cryogenically cooled surface and the remote thermal load. The cryogenic fluid transport device being positioned within the refrigerator advantageously serves as device for providing the necessary mechanical force necessary to move the heat transfer fluid from the cryogenically cooled surface (e.g., end of a cryocooler) to the remote thermal load. Thus, unlike conventional cooling arrangements the heat transfer fluid does not require a phase change.

Abstract: A combined system comprising an integrated gasifier combined cycle power generation system, an air separation unit (5) which provides oxygen to partial oxidation gasification unit gasifier (33) and an inventory section (21) which stores liquid oxygen or liquid air until it is needed.