Abstract: A customer premises border element is disclosed that functions as an interface between devices, such as SIP devices located on a customer's premises, and a border element located in the service provider's network. Such customer premises border elements are advantageous in that they are relatively inexpensive since they only have to support devices located on the customer's premises. At the same time, by performing a number of functions, such as media transcoding and a portion of call processing, it reduces the processing requirements of network border elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods can operate to use a deterministic finite automata module to classify data. In various implementations, a converter can be used to convert a classification list to a state machine operable to be executed by the deterministic finite automata module. In some implementations, the converter can be used to produce a state machine from template data, the state machine being operable to be executed by the deterministic finite automata module.

Abstract: In a digital broadcasting signal transmission system, a transmission frame includes a frame body and a frame header, and the frame body is divided into a plurality of sub-bands in the frequency domain and is divided into a plurality of symbols in the time domain. The frame header is provided in the former part of the transmission frame and is transmitted with a signal in the time domain. The frame body includes a plurality of services, and the services respectively receive at least one sub-band and at least one symbol. The frame header includes information on the plurality of services, and information on the plurality of services includes information on the sub-band and the symbol to which the services are allocated, information on channel encoding levels of the services, and information on digital modulation levels of the services.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system that can receive a group of channels (at least one of which includes an I-frame) from a DSL network, a memory that can store the I-frames, and a channel change detector that can detect a user's selection of a particular channel. If the memory contains the I-frame corresponding to the particular channel and if an I-frame has not been received from the DSL network, then the system provides the stored I-frame from the memory to the user.

Abstract: A network communications method utilizing a network watermark for providing security in the communications includes creating a verifiable network communications path of nodes through a network for the transfer of information from a first end node to a second end node; verifying the network communications path of nodes, by the first end node, before communicating by the first end node information intended for receipt by the second end node; and once the network communications path of nodes is verified by the first end node, communicating by the first end node, via the verified communications path of nodes, the information intended for receipt by the second end node; wherein the network watermark represents the verifiable network communications path of nodes.

Abstract: There is provided a content output apparatus including a wireless communication unit for transmitting an acquisition request for content data based on a position of the content data in an output order, a communication control unit for investigating whether or not acquisition of the content data is possible, before transmitting the acquisition request, and an output control unit for rearranging the output order according to a result of the investigation.

Abstract: A packet transfer method in a network apparatus that transfers packets is disclosed. In the packet transfer method, a sending side apparatus generates two copies of a send packet, provides a sequence number identifying the same sending sequence to each of the copied packets, provides an identifier corresponding to a send/receive pair to each of the copied packets to send the packets, and a receiving side apparatus receives each of the packets with two receiving units; recognizes the identifiers each corresponding to a send/receive pair; identifies packets having the same information and the sequence based on the sequence number when the identifiers are the same; selects one of the packets of the same sequence so as to send the packet downstream, and discards another packet, wherein, when only one of the packets of the same sequence arrives, the arriving packet is sent downstream.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for reducing apparent latency in content-delivery networks are provided. Sources multicast certain ‘preview multicast streams’ to multiple subscribers. These preview multicast streams provide pre-recorded content of multicast streams. When a subscriber switches to a desired multicast stream, pre-recorded content of the desired multicast stream is reconstructed from a preview multicast stream. Thereafter, the pre-recorded content is played during the setup of the new multicast distribution tree to minimize latency. Once the distribution tree is setup, live content of the desired multicast stream is made available to the subscriber.

Abstract: A switch apparatus includes: a first switch circuit for receiving data from external, sending first data including the received data, and sending second data including the received data after a predetermined time period from sending of the first data; a first controller for outputting the first data received from the first switch circuit; a second controller for outputting the second data received from the first switch circuit; and a second switch circuit for receiving the first data from the first controller and second data received from the second controller, sending the first data to external when the first data is free from an error, and sending the second data to external when the first data has an error and when the second data is free from an error.

Abstract: A method for improved distribution of data in a computing environment includes receiving data for distribution in the computing environment and receiving configuration data of the computing environment. The method also includes parsing the data for distribution using the configuration data into header information of a packet. The header information includes data offsets identifying a common data portion within the date for distribution, the common data portion being available to all nodes of the computing environment and identifying a first node of the computing environment and a particular-node data portion within the data for distribution, the particular-node data portion being available only to the first node of the computing environment. The method also includes broadcasting the header information of a packet to all nodes of the computing environment and broadcasting the data for distribution to all nodes of the computing environment in response to broadcasting the header information.

Abstract: Network connection of a terminal such as a mobile apparatus can be implemented at a transmission speed higher than that by a radio LAN. A connection method between a terminal and a connection apparatus is configured by replacing a radio LAN with electromechanical coupling, and transmission between the terminal and the connection apparatus is carried out using a baseband as it is without up conversion into a radio frequency band. This eliminates a bottleneck by the throughput of the radio LAN and eliminates the problems of the cost and the power consumption which arise from up conversion of a transmission signal. Further, bridging of data can be carried out by simple code conversion, and since the apparatus configuration is simplified, the cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for routing data through a network. In one system, a first node is enabled to overhear packet transmissions from a second node. The cost of transmitting packets from the first node to the second node is updated based on each overheard packet transmission. In another system, when the cost of transmitting packets from a source to an overhearing node to a destination is less than the cost of transmitting packets from the source to the destination, an advertisement is sent to the source causing the packet transmissions to be routed from the source to the destination through the overhearing node. In yet another system, using a safe-sequence tag that is attached to any packet transmitted by any node and updated when it is received by another node, along with stored histories of best metric advertisements, predetermined rules are applied to maintain loop freedom.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, the disclosure includes an apparatus a root node in a packet based network that multicasts a plurality of packets. The apparatus also includes an intermediary node coupled to the root node and a plurality of leaf nodes coupled to the intermediary node. The root node, the intermediary node, and the plurality of leaf nodes are arranged in a tree topology. The packets are received at the intermediary node from the root node at a data rate equal to the data rate of the leaf node having the maximum data rate. The packets are multicast from the intermediary node to each of the plurality of leaf nodes at a plurality of different data rates such that each particular one of the plurality of leaf nodes receives the packets at a data rate corresponding to the data rate for the particular one of the plurality of leaf nodes.

Abstract: An autonomous network has a plurality of autonomous terminals, equipped with at least one programmable transceiver, and which are embodied to independently identify frequency ranges provided for a communication link and used to reconfigure the programmable transceiver thereof. One or more technical system states of the network, with which a specific operation of the network is described, is defined. One or more sets of rules are defined for the autonomous terminal, one rule comprising authorized operational states and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals. The effects of the actual operation state and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals on the actual system state of the network is monitored. The sets of rules and/or definition of new rules, which comprise actual operational states or configurations of the autonomous terminals, is adapted when the actual system state of the network differs from the defined system state of the network.

Abstract: In a method of enhanced reliability routing within a system including one or more networks having several nodes connected together by communication means, the system using a link-state routing protocol constructing the topology of the nodes within a system of nodes, the routing method determines the logical topology of network interconnection nodes NIN by using modules which perform the following: discovery of the neighborhood by functions of the physical networks; smoothing of the information provided by TNAs to improve the stability of the protocol; distributing the neighborhoods to the set of NINs; relaying of the information associated with a node by a subset of the NIN node; hop by hop enhancement of the reliability of the transmission between various nodes; transmission in point-to-multipoint mode; announcement of oriented characteristics of logical links solely by the source routers of the links; marking of the signaling data so as to manage non-sequencing in reception; and calculation of the global to

Abstract: A user terminal apparatus that transmits to a base station apparatus a pilot channel at least in uplink by a single carrier method is provided with a mapping portion that maps transmission data to a long block of a sub-frame composed of plural short blocks and plural of the long blocks, and maps a pilot channel for demodulating a data channel and a pilot channel for measuring a CQI to the short blocks in accordance with a transmission band and a transmission method provided by notification from the base station.

Abstract: A gateway (25) between an ad hoc network (5) and a fixed network (2) in a hybrid telecommunications network (1) selects, from amongst candidate nodes (10) of the ad hoc network (5) that are located one hop from that gateway (25) and that have connectivity with that gateway (25) above a predetermined threshold, at least one gateway node (10?) for relaying at least part of the traffic between other nodes (10) of the ad hoc network (5) and the gateway (25).

Abstract: Configurable bitstream engines are described that can operate to decode variable length decoding of video and audio bitstreams encoded using any of a plurality of encoding schemes. Systems and methods are described that allow functional components of a bitstream engine to be disabled, enabled and configured as necessitated by the encoding scheme used to encode a bitstream. Functional components of a bitstream engine can perform single actions and operations, repetitive actions and operations and sequences of actions and operations as desired. A bit field extraction process is described for extracting bit fields of specified length from memory, updating bit offsets, loading new data from memory when needed.

Abstract: In a packet relay method and device which can reduce a congestion of switching even when segment data are concentrated, segment data dividing portions respectively extract a destination address and a packet length from received packets, divide the packets into predetermined length data based on each packet length, and generates location information indicating locations in the packets respectively for the data. The segment data dividing portions add segment headers in which the location information, the destination address, and an address of its own device as a source address are set are added to each of the data, generate segment data, and provide the segment data to switches within a switch card in parallel.

Abstract: A protection CMTS is available to immediately service a cable modem should that modem's service from a working CMTS fail for any reason. To speed the service transfer (cutover) from the working CMTS to the protection CMTS, the cable modem may preregister with the protection CMTS well before the cutover becomes necessary. The cable modem's registration with both the working CMTS and the protection CMTS preferably employs a single IP address, so that the cable modem need not obtain a new IP address during cutover. While the cable modem may register with both the working CMTS and the protection CMTS, the devices are designed or configured so that only the working CMTS injects a host route for the cable modem into the appropriate routing protocol. Only after cutover to the protection CMTS does the protection CMTS inject its host route.