Abstract: Disclosed herein, inter alia, are methods and systems of image analysis useful for rapidly identifying and/or quantifying features.

Abstract: A spectrometer probe is disclosed herein including a shaft having a first end and a second end, a fiberoptic bundle located within the shaft, the fiberoptic bundle having a first end and a second end, a mirror, a transparent window, a prism, a prism support, an elastically deformable material, an index-matching elastomer, wherein the prism is completely encompassed by the index-matching elastomer, and a penetration cone operatively attached to the second end of the fiberoptic bundle, the mirror located within the second end of the shaft, wherein the transparent window is substantially parallel with the fiberoptic bundle and the shaft, wherein the prism is angled at approximately a 45 degree angle in relation to the window and the fiberoptic bundle, wherein the prism is flush with the prism support, wherein the elastically deformable material is biasly connected to the prism support.

Abstract: A fluid sensor includes a support structure having a top main surface region; a thermal emitter on the top main surface region of the support structure; a thermal radiation detector on the top main surface region of the support structure; and a waveguide structure having a first and a second waveguide section on the top main surface region of the support structure. The first waveguide section guides a first portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector and the second waveguide section guides a second portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector. The waveguide structure enables an interaction of an evanescence field of the guided first and/or second portion of the thermal radiation with a surrounding fluid.

Abstract: A particle beam treatment apparatus that irradiates an irradiation target with a particle beam includes: a hollow rotary shaft including a hollow portion; an electromagnet that controls the particle beam in the hollow portion, the rotary shaft being rotatable by a power source; and a support portion that rotatably supports the rotary shaft, the rotary shaft including a first opening portion, the hollow portion being accessible to a worker through the first opening portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-assisted tomography (CT) system having the following features: a) at least one X-ray source, b) at least one patient couch for supporting a patient, c) at least one collimator in the ray path of the X-rays from the X-ray source through the patient, wherein a targeted X-ray from among the total X-ray radiation of the X-ray source is radiated by the collimator onto the patient, d) at least one X-ray detector, provided permanently or at least temporarily in the ray path of the targeted X-ray radiated by the collimator through the patient, e) at least one automatically actuable drive mechanism, using which the collimator can be moved with respect to the radiation direction of the targeted X-ray passing through the collimator, relative to the patient and/or to the X-ray detector, f) at least one electronic control device that is configured to automatically actuate the drive mechanism.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a radiation therapy system capable of widening a radiation irradiation range to a patient without increasing a burden on a structure. The radiation therapy system includes: a radiation source; a rotation mechanism that supports the radiation source and rotates the radiation source around an isocenter; a couch that places a therapy target site of a patient at the isocenter; a head swing mechanism that is disposed between the radiation source and the rotation mechanism and that swings an irradiation axis of a radiation emitted from the radiation source by swinging the radiation source; and a control unit that controls the radiation source, the rotation mechanism, and the head swing mechanism.

Abstract: An ultra-wide angle broadband polarization imaging system based on a metasurface, and a detection apparatus, the imaging system comprising a first lens (L1) having negative optical power, a linear polarizer (P1), a quarter wave plate (P2), a diaphragm (STO), a second lens (L2) having positive optical power, a third lens (L3) having positive optical power, and the metasurface (M), wherein an object side surface and an image side surface of the lens are planar or spherical; and the phase distribution required for the system in a broadband spectrum band is achieved by setting different rotation angles ? of a unit structure of the metasurface.

Abstract: A super resolution technique, intended mainly for fluorescence microscopy, acquires the three-dimensional position of an emitter, through a hybrid method, including a number of steps. In a first step the two-dimensional position of an emitter is acquired, using a technique, named in this application as an Abbe's loophole technique. In this technique a doughnut, or a combination of distributions, having a zero intensity at the combined center of the distributions, is projected onto the sample containing the emitter, under conditions wherein the doughnut null is moved towards the emitter to reach a position in which the emitter does not emit light. In a second step, an axial measurement is obtained using a 3D shaping method, characterized by the fact that the emitted light is shaped by an additional optical module creating a shape of the light emitted by the emitter, this shape being dependent of the axial position and means to retrieve the axial position from the shape.

Abstract: A photoconductive transducer intended to generate or detect waves in the terahertz frequency domain or in the picosecond pulse domain is provided. The transducer comprises a three-dimensional structure that includes, in this order, a first planar electrode, an array of nano-columns embedded in a layer of resist and a second planar electrode parallel to the first planar electrode. The design of the transducer increases the optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency by means of photonic and plasmonic resonances and by means of high and homogeneous electric fields. The height of the nano-columns as well as the thickness of the resist range between 100 nanometres and 400 nanometres. The width of the nano-columns is between 100 nanometres and 400 nanometres, the distance between two adjacent nano-columns is between 300 nanometres and 500 nanometres, the nano-columns are made of a III-V semiconductor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hyperspectral and multispectral imaging are disclosed. A system includes a lens and an imaging device having a plurality of pixel sensors. A focus corrector is located within the optical path to refract at least a portion of the incoming light and change the focusing distance of specific wavelengths of light to converge at a focal plane. The focus corrector is selected based upon the imaging system to reduce an overall measure of deviation between a focal length curve for the lens and a focus position curve for pixel sensors to produce focused imaging data for a broad spectrum of light, including beyond the visible range.

Abstract: A patient treatment table for prone patient breast examination and treatment is described. The table may be in the form of a table base and table extension, the table extension being removably attached to the table base. The patient treatment table extension includes one or more hand rails for grasping by the patient above and along one or both longitudinal sides of the device to assist the patient in getting onto the treatment table. The handrails are mounted such that they can be removed or swung out of the way of medical equipment once the patient is positioned on the table. The table may also be in the form of a couch-top overlay.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and/or calibrating a device designed for three-dimensional X-ray optical inspection of seedlings in different growth phases may optically or X-ray optically measure natural seedlings in three dimensions at predetermined times during their growth phase. The method may create a control program for a device which is designed for the three-dimensional printing of artificial seedlings as reference samples which are replicas of the natural seedlings in each case using the recorded measured values. The method may also produce artificial seedlings with a plastic using the device in accordance with the created control program. The artificial seedlings thus produced may be measured three-dimensionally by X-ray optics and the measured values thus acquired may be recorded in a control chart or an already created control chart is adapted, with which control chart monitoring and/or calibration of the device designed for the three-dimensional X-ray optical inspection of seedlings is performed.

Abstract: A detector may be provided with an array of sensing elements. The detector may include a semiconductor substrate including the array, and a circuit configured to count a number of charged particles incident on the detector. The circuit of the detector may be configured to process outputs from the plurality of sensing elements and increment a counter in response to a charged particle arrival event on a sensing element of the array. Various counting modes may be used. Counting may be based on energy ranges. Numbers of charged particles may be counted at a certain energy range and an overflow flag may be set when overflow is encountered in a sensing element. The circuit may be configured to determine a time stamp of respective charged particle arrival events occurring at each sensing element. Size of the sensing element may be determined based on criteria for enabling charged particle counting.

Abstract: In one aspect, radiation dosimeters are described herein comprising organic field effect transistors. Briefly, a radiation dosimeter comprises an organic field effect transistor having composition and/or electronic structure exhibiting a shift in threshold voltage as a function of radiation dose.

Abstract: An EUV radiation light source generation apparatus includes a pump laser, at least one pulse shaping unit, a wavelength conversion unit, and a high-order harmonics generation unit. The pump laser provides a pulse laser radiation beam. Each pulse shaping unit conducts a spectrum extending operation and a phase compensation operation to the pulse laser radiation beam. The phase compensation operation makes multiple frequency components of the pulse laser radiation beam emitted by the pulse shaping unit to be substantially in phase. The wavelength conversion unit conducts a center wavelength conversion operation to the pulse laser radiation beam. The high-order harmonics generation unit receives the pulse laser radiation beam processed by the pulse shaping unit and the center wavelength conversion operation, and focuses the received pulse laser radiation beam to a high order harmonic generation medium to generate a high order harmonic radiation beam.

Abstract: Dose analysis radiotherapy systems and methods for determine delivered radiotherapy dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information and planned radiotherapy dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information. The dose analysis systems and methods further compare the as delivered dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information to the planned dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information to generate a graphical representation of one or more of the delivered dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information versus planned dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information.

Abstract: Provided is a thermal infrared detector including a thermal infrared sensor array including a plurality of resistive infrared devices that are provided in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and a driving circuit configured to drive the thermal infrared sensor array, wherein at least two resistive infrared devices among the plurality of resistive infrared devices adjacent to each other in a row direction or a column direction are grouped together, wherein at least one resistive infrared device among the plurality of resistive infrared devices is shared by at least two groups, and wherein at least two resistive infrared devices among the plurality of resistive infrared devices that are included in each of the at least two groups are connected in series.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an infrared (IR) imaging system for determining a concentration of a target species in an object is disclosed. The imaging system can include an optical system including an optical focal plane array (FPA) unit. The optical system can have components defining at least two optical channels thereof, said at least two optical channels being spatially and spectrally different from one another. Each of the at least two optical channels can be positioned to transfer IR radiation incident on the optical system towards the optical FPA. The system can include a processing unit containing a processor that can be configured to acquire multispectral optical data representing said target species from the IR radiation received at the optical FPA. Said optical system and said processing unit can be contained together in a data acquisition and processing module configured to be worn or carried by a person.

Abstract: An example system includes a particle accelerator to produce a particle beam to treat a patient and a carrier having openings including a first opening and a second opening. The carrier is made of a material that inhibits transmission of the particle beam and the carrier is located between the particle accelerator and the patient. A control system is configured to control movement of the particle beam to the first opening to enable at least part of the particle beam to reach the patient, to change an energy of the particle beam while the particle beam remains stationary at the first opening, and to control movement of the particle beam from the first opening to the second opening. The example system also includes an energy degrader that includes at least some boron carbide.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing apparatus (100) including: an image acquiring unit (112) that acquires captured image information of a sample (20) dyed with a fluorescent dye reagent (10), an information acquiring unit (111) that acquires information related to the fluorescent dye reagent (10), a correcting unit (131) that corrects the luminance of the captured image information using a fluorescence fading coefficient that represents the rapidness at which the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent dye reagent (10) drops, the fluorescence fading coefficient being included in the fluorescent dye reagent (10), and a calculating unit (132) that calculates information corresponding to fluorescent molecules in the captured image information, using the corrected luminance.