Abstract: The phenols/phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of (a) at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a protonic acid having a pKa in water of less than -0.1 and (b) a free protonic acid.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon employs a novel catalyst composition formed from a compound of palladium, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a novel hexakis phosphine ligand. The process is characterized by a lessened degree of reactor fouling.

Abstract: Alkylated benzenes such as ethylbenzene and cumene are produced by alkylation and/or transalkylation in the presence of an acidic mordenite zeolite catalyst having a silica/alumina molar ratio of at least 30:1 and a crystalline structure which is determined by X-ray diffraction to be a matrix of Cmcm symmetry having dispersed therein domains of Cmmm symmetry.

Abstract: A process for producing an aliphatic or alicyclic aldehyde is disclosed, which process comprises the step of hydrogenating an aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof with molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a zirconium oxide catalyst which contains chromium as an essential component, has a weakly basic site amount of more than 0.03 mmol/g as determined by a temperature programmed desorption method using carbon dioxide as an adsorbate in which the amount of carbon dioxide desorbed in the temperature range of from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. is measured, and has pores having a radius of from 20 to 500 .ANG. in an amount of not less than 0.1 cc/g and pores having a radius of from 1,000 to 50,000 .ANG. in an amount of not less than 0.05 cc/g as measured with a mercury porosimeter. Aldehydes can be obtained directly from aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof in high yield.

Abstract: A process for the formation of pentaerythritol-based phosphorus heterocycles comprises the reaction of a pentaerythritol polyol, e.g., pentaerythritol, with a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus compounds, e.g., a phosphorus oxytrihalide, a triorganophosphite, or a phosphorus trihalide, in an aryl phosphate solvent at elevated temperature.

Abstract: A method for the selective ethylation of 2-alkoxy-naphthalene compounds at the 6 position of the naphthalene nucleus is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sulfone represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' each represent a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an aryl group whose nucleus has at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, nitro group, a lower alkyl group, phenyl group and a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, comprises the step of condensing a sulfonic acid ester of 4-hydroxybiphenyl represented by the following formula: ##STR2## with a sulfonyl chloride of R'SO.sub.2 Cl at a temperature of 0.degree. to 200.degree. C. in the presence of a Lewis acid or a superstrong acid.

Abstract: This invention encompasses compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and an effective lipoxygenase inhibiting amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different members of the group consisting of 1,1-dimethylethyl, halo, phenyl and substituted phenyl wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy, Alk is straight or branched chain lower alkylene; and R.sub.3 is lower alkoxycarbonylloweralkyl.

Abstract: There are disclosed 1-[4-(halophenoxy)phenoxy]-4-pentines of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently of the other chloro or fluoro and one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is also hydrogen, a process for their preparation and intermediates for their preparation, the use of these compounds in pest control, and pesticidal compositions which contain a compound of formula I as active component. The preferred field of use is ovicidal control of pests.

Abstract: Phosphine oxide-terminated allene-ene-yne compounds are disclosed that possess DNA-cleaving, antimicobial and tumor growth-inhibiting properties. Methods of making and using those compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel sulfonium salts useful as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization and for producing relief patterns and relief images have the general formula (I) ##STR1## where A.sup..crclbar. is a non-nucleophilic counterion,x is 1, 2 or 3,R is a hydrocarbon radicalR' is arylene or substituted arylene, andR" is ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl or monohalogenated or polyhalogenated alkyl orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.3 is phenyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl, orR.sup.1 is hydrogen, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form ethylenically unsaturated ring, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.3 is alkoxy orR.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkoxy, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy.

Abstract: A process for preparing a stable polysulfide compound, synthesized by reacting a mercaptan with elemental sulfur in the presence of a basic catalyst, having reduced mercaptan sulfur content is provided which comprises contacting the crude polysulfide with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide or a basic inorganic catalyst in a solvent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diaryl ether cycloalkane of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl; X.sup.1 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;Ar.sup.2 is optionally substituted phenylene, or a 6-membered heterocyclene moiety containing up to three nitrogen atoms;R.sup.1 is (1-6C)alkyl, (3-6C)alkenyl, (3-6C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl or (2-4C)alkanoyl, or optionally substituted benzoyl; andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a (3-6C)alkylene group which defines an optionally substituted ring having 4 to 7 ring atoms.The invention also concerns processes for the manufacture of a diaryl ether cycloalkane of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing said cycloalkane. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase.

Abstract: The invention concerns a compound of the formula I, ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl;A.sup.1 is (1-6C)alkylene, (3-6C)alkenylene, (3-6C)alkynylene or cyclo(3-6C)alkylene;Ar.sup.2 is optionally substituted phenylene, or a 6 membered heterocyclene moiety containing up to three nitrogen atoms;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl, (3-6C)alkenyl, (3-6C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl or (2-4C)alkanoyl, or optionally substituted benzoyl; wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl, (2-6C)alkenyl, (2-6C)alkynyl or substituted (1-4C)alkyl; and whereinR.sup.3 is hydroxy-(1-4C)alkyl, mercapto-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyloxy-(1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkynyloxy-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy-(2-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkylthio-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphinyl-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl-(1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkanoyl-(1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkanoyloxy-(1-4C)alkyl or cyano-(1-4C)alkyl; or R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of diesters of carboxymethylphosphonic acid of the formula: (RO).sub.2 P(O)CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H, in which R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl or naphthyl radical which can be substituted, an aralkyl radical having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, or in which the (RO).sub.2 P group forms a ring having 2 to 5 carbon atoms which can be substituted, characterized in that dialkyl ester of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid of the formula (RO).sub.2 P(O)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, in which R has the abovementioned meaning, is reacted with oxygen in the presence of water and a catalyst which contains at least one metal selected from the platinum metals group.

Abstract: A process for producing a mixture of brominated diphenyl oxides with an average bromine number of 7.0 to 7.8 is improved by the utilization of a multi-step, multi-catalyst procedure. The process uses a zirconium catalyst in the first reaction and an iron catalyst in the second reaction to yield a whiter flame retardant product having less tendency to discolor plastic resins.

Abstract: The copper corrosiveness of organic sulfides is reduced by treating them with an alkali metal-containing or alkaline earth metal-containing substance capable of dissolving elemental sulfur (e.g., sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, etc.). The process is conducted in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst in an aqueous liquid reaction medium. Experiments have shown that it is possible by use of this process to reduce the copper corrosiveness to a level below that exhibited by a product formed by treating the same initial organic sulfide in the same way but in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound containing an ether bond is disclosed, which is represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; m represents an integer of from 1 to 7; X represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; Y represents a connecting group selected from a group consisting of ##STR2## and the cyclohexane ring represents a trans(equatorial-equatorial) cyclohexane ring.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and an effective lipoxygenase inhibiting amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different members of the group consisting of 1,1-dimethylethyl, halo, phenyl and substituted phenyl; Alk is straight or branched chain lower alkylene; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. The formulation of this invention are useful as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy agents.

Abstract: A process for production of fluorinated sulfones from fluorinated organic sulfides by oxidation of the sulfides with an oxidizing reagent made from fluorine, water and acetonitrile. The sulfones are useful as second order nonlinear optical dyes.