Abstract: The invention relates to additives for improving cold-flow and lubricating properties of fuel oils, comprising A) 5-95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble amphiphile of the formula  in which R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or aromatic radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, X is NH, NR3, O or S, y is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical carrying hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and R3 is an alkyl radical carrying nitrogen and/or hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or C1-C20-alkyl, and B) 5 to 95% by weight of a terpolymer containing from 10 to 35 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, from 1 to 15 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a neocarboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms, and structural units of ethylene to 100 mol %, having a melt viscosity, measured at 140° C., of from 20 to 10,000 mPas.

Abstract: This invention relates to fuel oil, especially middle distillate fuel oil, compositions comprising middle distillate fuel oil and at least one fuel-soluble or fuel dispersible calcium and/or magnesium salt.

Abstract: The flameproof thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention comprises (A) 40 to 95 parts by weight of a rubber modified styrene-containing resin composed of (a1) 20 to 100% by weight of a styrene-containing graft copolymer resin including 18 to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile in the copolymer excluding rubber; and (a2) 0 to 80% by weight of a styrene-containing copolymer resin containing 18 to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile; (B) 5 to 60 parts by weight of polyphenylene ether resin; (C) 2 to 40 parts by weight of a styrene-containing copolymer or styrene-containing graft copolymer resin containing 5 to 18% by weight of acrylonitrile per 100 parts by weight of the sum of (A) and (B); and (D) 5 to 30 parts by weight of an aromatic phosphoric acid ester compound per 100 parts by weight of the sum of (A) and (B).

Abstract: The present invention provides a decorative gel containing crystals that form in situ in the gel from an additive. The additive is an aromatic solid or mixture of aromatic solids and may optionally include an oil-soluble ester that aids solubilization of the aromatic compound(s) in a gel-forming material, while allowing crystallization of the aromatic compound(s) after gelation. The present invention also provides articles of manufacture like candles and sustained release air fresheners containing the gel.

Abstract: Compositions and methods have been discovered for inhibiting corrosion of metals, particularly iron alloys, in contact with fluids, either hydrocarbons, alcohols, or aqueous fluids, employing mercaptoalcohols. The mercaptoalcohols should have at least one water solubilizing hydroxyl group. In particular, suitable mercaptoalcohols have the formula: (HS)n—R—)(OH)m where R is a straight, branched, cyclic or heterocyclic alkylene, arylene, alkylarylene, arylalkylene, or hydrocarbon moiety having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; n and m each independently averages from 1 to 3; and the heteroatom in the heterocyclic moiety substituent, if present, may be N, O, S and/or P. Preferred mercaptoalcohols include 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, 1-mercapto-2-propanol, and 2-mercaptobutanol, in part because they are soluble in many fluids. These corrosion inhibitors show improved inhibition of both generalized and localized corrosion, specifically in high shear and high flow environments.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrates, including low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrates containing at least 5,000 ppm boric acid suspended in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. Also disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuels compositions formed by diluting the concentrate to form compositions containing only from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm boric acid. Also disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuel compositions formed of a reaction product of boric acid having a particle size of about 65 microns or less, associated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel having a monomer or prepolymer chemically grafted thereon.

Abstract: A vulcanizable composition comprising a sulfur vulcanizable rubber, a sulfur vulcanizing agent, an accelerating agent selected from the group consisting of non-thiazole sulfenamide accelerators in an amount effective to not substantially inhibit vulcanization and an amount effective to improve the hardness stabilization of said rubber upon vulcanization of a hardness stabilization agent comprising a pyrimidine derivative. A method of improving the hardness stabilization of a composition comprising a sulfur vulcanizable rubber by adding to said composition the accelerators and pyrimidine derivative.

Abstract: A method of preparing a synthetic fuel from coal comprising reacting the coal with a polymer composition comprising an aqueous solution or an aqueous emulsion of one or more reactive polymers, the reactive polymers selected from the group consisting of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers, poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), vinyl acetate/acrylic acid copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate/acrylic acid/ethylene), acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers and poly(acrylamide).

Abstract: Organic compounds containing selected functional groups, and which are grafted with fluorinated olefins, are excellent additives for lubricants which lower wear and/or friction. They are especially useful in metal lubricants.

Abstract: Certain non-silicone vulcanized rubber articles made from at least a majority by weight of ethylene-propylene-diene modified (terpolymer) rubber (such as, without limitation, EPDM and/or NBR) that include silver-based compounds to provide highly desirable long-term antimicrobial characteristics within the cured rubber articles, at least a portion of which exhibits a color other than black, are provided. Such articles are in either solid or blown (foam or sponge) state (or combinations of both in multilayered forms, either all colored or individual layers colored) that can be utilized in a variety of different applications. As silver-based compounds are deleteriously affected by utilization of standard curing agents and curing accelerators, such as sulfur-based compounds and/or systems, the ability to provide such an effective antimicrobial vulcanized rubber article is rather difficult.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a composition and method for increasing the amount of cetane in fuel. More specifically, it was discovered that the amount of cetane in fuel can be increased by mixing a fuel additive comprising &bgr;-carotene that was prepared in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: Coal beneficiation is achieved by suspending coal fines in a colloidal suspension of microscopic gas bubbles in water under atmospheric conditions to form small agglomerates of the fines adhered by the gas bubbles. The agglomerates are separated, recovered and resuspended in water. Thereafter, the pressure on the suspension is increased above atmospheric to deagglomerate, since the gas bubbles are then re-dissolved in the water. During the deagglomeration step, the mineral matter is dispersed, and when the pressure is released, the coal portion of the deagglomerated gas-saturated water mixture reagglomerates, with the small bubbles now coming out of the solution. The reagglomerate can then be separated to provide purified coal fines without the mineral matter.

Abstract: A powdery flame retardant which is obtained by mixing a flame retardant which is liquid or a viscous solid at ordinary temperature with an inorganic fibrous substance to adhere or adsorb the retardant to the fibrous substance, and which comprises 5 to 70 wt. % the flame retardant and 95 to 30 wt. % the fibrous substance. The powdery flame retardant can be easily handled because it is a powder, and is obtained by a simple and industrially advantageous method. It produces a remarkable effect that the performance of the liquid or viscous flame retardant is not impaired.

Abstract: An engine oil composition characterized by containing a major amount of lubricating base oil and (a) 0.01 to 30% by weight of an overbasic oil-soluble metal salt prepared by use of an alkaline-earth metal borate, (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight of a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, and (c) 0.01 to 5% by weight of an antioxidant as essential components, on the basis of the total amount of the composition.

Abstract: A method of producing coal briquette at a low energy cost by saving heating step or drying step for fine coal, which comprises adding and mixing from 1 to 10 mass parts of powdery starch to a coal having 15 mass % or more of water content and comprising 50 mass % or more of particles with grain size of 5 mm or less to form 100 mass parts of a mixture, and coating the surface of the briquette product with 0.1 to 5 mass parts of a heavy oil component simultaneously with or after pressure briquetting the mixture by a double roll briquetting machine in which concaves are formed on the roll surface, as well as coal briquette which is inexpensive and has high strength and high waterproof.

Abstract: A desulphurizing composition for the treatment of CLAUS plant tail gases, comprises: an organic solvent A with a boiling point of more than 200° C. at atmospheric pressure; a catalyst composition B of at least one alkali- or alkaline-earth salt (S) of an organic monoacid or an organic polyacid which has at least one dissociation constant value (pK) in the range 2.2 to 8 such as formic acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, salicyclic acid, and sulphosalicyclic acid; at least one complexing agent (C) such as an alkali or alkaline-earth salt or a ferrous or ferric salt of a mono- or poly-aminocarboxylic acid, citric acid, a sulphocyanide ion, a ferrocyanide ion, a ferricyanide ion, a phosphate ion, a pyrophosphate ion, a fluoride ion and/or a thiosulphate ion; and water (W), in the following proportions by weight: S=0.1% to 30%; C=0.001% to 30%; W=balance.

Abstract: A hydraulic oil, a predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity suitable for lubrication, and from 0.03% to 0.06% of an agent improving filterability, corresponding to the formula R—Z. Z represents an ester of succinic acid comprising the reaction product of a succinic anhydride and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol; or a succinimide comprising the reaction product of a succinic anhydride and a polyamine, the said reaction product being treated with an after-treatment agent. R represents a polyolefin having a molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 2500 and an Mw/Mn ratio of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Methods for separating olefins from non-olefins, such as paraffins, including cycloparaffins, oxygenates and aromatics, are provided. The methods use metal salts to complex olefins, allowing the non-olefins to be separated by a variety of methods, including decantation and distillation. The metal salts are dissolved in ionic liquids, which tend to have virtually no vapor pressure, and which poorly solubilize the non-olefins. Accordingly, the non-olefins phase separate well, and can be distilled without carrying over any of the ionic liquid into the distillate. Preferred salts are Group IB salts, more preferably silver salts. A preferred silver salt is silver tetrafluoroborate. Preferred ionic liquids are those which form stable solutions or dispersions of the metal salts, and which do not dissolve the non-olefins. Further, if the olefins are subject to isomerization, the ionic liquid is preferably relatively non-acidic.

Abstract: Wood preservative compositions are disclosed. Treatment of lumber, plywood, and other wood products with a novel composition comprising the boron source composition, a melamine binder resin, and a urea casein activator resin protects lumber, plywood, and other wood products from attack by termites, fungi, fire and flame. The preservative can be formed by combining a source of boron such as boric acid and the water-soluble salts thereof, a melamine binder resin, and a urea casein resin. A wood preservative is characterized by a weight ratio of the urea casing activator resin to the melamine binder resin ranging from about 1:20 to 1:4 and a weight ratio of the boron source composition to the melamine binder resin ranging from about 1.3:1 to 9.6:1.

Abstract: Crystalline modification of mixtures comprising (a) a nickel-quencher corresponding to [2,2′-thio-bis(4-t-octylphenolate)-n-butylamine Nickel (II)] and (b) a 2-hydroxy-4-alkyloxybenzophenone corresponding to 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone wherein it has two diffraction lines at angles 2{acute over (ø)}=6.291 and 2{acute over (ø)}=6.888 in the X-Ray diffraction spectrum from powders. The said crystalline modification can be used as a light stabilizer for agricultural films based on polyolefins or polyolefinic copolymers.