Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the reduction of non-specific star activities in the case of the specific cleavage of desoxyribonucleic acids by incubation with a restriction endonuclease in an appropriate buffer, wherein to the incubation batch is added an antibiotic which binds to the DNA on or near the star sequences of the enzyme but not within the specific recognition sequence of the restriction endonuclease.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel gene probes which can be used to identify DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis microbes which encode insecticidally-active protein endotoxins. The invention probes greatly facilitate the search for useful microbes hosting genes which encode insecticidally-active toxins.

Abstract: The present invention provides recombinant DNA molecules comprising a sequence encoding a transmissible gastroenteritis virus polypeptide selected from the group consisting of M, N and P, host cells transformed by said recombinant DNA molecule sequences, the M, N and P polypeptides. The present invention also provides subunit vaccines for TGEV.

Abstract: The conditions under which oligonucleotides hybridize only with entirely homologous sequences are recognized. The sequence of a given DNA fragment is read by the hybridization and assembly of positively hybridizing probes through overlapping portions. By simultaneous hybridization of DNA molecules applied as dots and bound onto a filter, representing single-stranded phage vector with the cloned insert, with about 50,000 to 100,000 groups of probes, the main type of which is (A,T,C,G)(A,T,C,G)N8(A,T,C,G), information for computer determination of a sequence of DNA having the complexity of a mammalian genome are obtained in one step. To obtain a maximally completed sequence, three libraries cloned into the phage vector, M13, bacteriophage are used: with the 0.5 kb and 7 kbp insert consisting of two sequences, with the average distance in genomic DNA of 100 kbp. For a million bp of genomic DNA, 25,000 subclones of the 0.5 kbp are required as well as 700 subclones 7 kb long and 170 jumping subclones.

Abstract: A method of identifying a sectioned cell in a tissue section including: supplying a tissue section; labeling cells of the tissue section with a detectable label; and selectively detecting the label from cells at the surface of the tissue section.

Abstract: Methods for the detection of GST-1 gene deletion in human blood or tissue samples. The polymerase chain reaction is used to identify the presence or absence of the GST-1 gene in human clinical samples as a means of assessing susceptibility to neoplasia or toxicity upon chemical exposure. The method may also be used on human tumor samples to assess the possibility of resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: A bioassay making use of submitochondrial particles to test for the presence of toxic substances which induce prooxidant states in vivo. The assay uses complex I of the electron transport enzymes on the submitochondrial particles which are capable of donating electrons to the toxicant in solution. The presence of any activated oxygen species in the assay solution is detected spectrophotometrically by the adrenochrome reaction.

Abstract: An improved method for determining the nucleotide base sequence of a DNA molecule. The method includes annealing the DNA molecule with a primer molecule able to hybridize to the DNA molecule; incubating the annealed mixture in a vessel containing four different deoxynucleoside triphosphates, a DNA polymerase, and one or more DNA synthesis terminating agents which terminate DNA synthesis at a specific nucleotide base, wherein each the agent terminates DNA synthesis at a different nucleotide base; and separating the DNA products of the incubating reaction according to size, whereby at least a part of the nucleotide base sequence of the DNA can be determined. The improvement is provision of a DNA polymerase which is a .phi.29-type DNA polymerase.

Abstract: Methods for amplifying and detecting a predetermined target nucleic acid in a biological specimen are accomplished even where there is a mismatch in a single position between a primer and the target nucleic acid. The mismatch is located at or near the 3' end of the primer. Such a mismatch is overcome using a primer having a nucleotide with a thymine base at the position of the mismatch. The use of such primers is most likely to prime the target and form primer extension products. This method is particularly useful for detection of a nucleic acid sequence which is not fully known, or where there is considerable heterogeneity in DNA target from patient samples.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine comprising a polypeptide of the PRV glycoprotein gII or a fragment thereof which was shown to be the site of interaction of PRV neutralizing antibodies. Vector vaccines capable to express a polynucleotide fragment coding for such a polypeptide also form part of the present invention.

Abstract: Disorders of the base sequences in genomic substances such as DNA and RNA are detected by changing the state of aggregation of fine particles by cleavaging using a nuclease. A single-stranded denatured product of the objective genomic substance is added to first and second fine particles each attached to plural pieces of first and second single-stranded nucleic acid probes, respectively. The first and second single-stranded nucleic acid probes are complementary to a first region and a second region, respectively, on the objective genomic substance, which are exclusive of each other and contiguous from each other. Aggregations of the first and second fine particles are formed by double or multiple hybridization reaction of the denatured objective genomic substance added with the first and second single-stranded nucleic acid probes.

Abstract: This invention discloses a scheme for producing nucleic acid end products that are functionally or exactly identical to the starting products, thereby resulting in exponential amplification of a desired nucleic acid sequence. Specifically, sequences are cycled between RNA and DNA forms using the following basic steps: (1) a T7 RNA polymerase promoter is ligated onto a single-stranded DNA template; (2) T7 RNA polymerase makes many copies of RNA: (3) a complementary DNA is made from the RNA by extension of a primer by reverse transcriptase; and (4) the RNA template is removed by ribonuclease H. This amplification method is useful for purposes such as genetic research and diagnostic assays.

Abstract: Polynucleotide sequences and other compositions useful for DNA polymorphism and other genetic analyses are disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a method for obtaining Variable Tandem Repeat polymorphism at a single genetic locus as well as other genetic analyses.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable forms of peptide antigens of T. ovis suitable for use in vaccines to protect ruminants against infection by cestode parasites. The antigens are preferably obtained by expression of DNA coding therefor in a recombinant host cell. Aspects of the invention include DNA encoding the antigens, vectors containing the DNA and hosts which express the antigens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detection of at least one allele of a genetic locus and can be used to provide direct determination of the haplotype. The method comprises amplifying genomic DNA with a primer pair that spans an intron sequence and defines a DNA sequence in genetic linkage with an allele to be detected. The primer-defined DNA sequence contains a sufficient number of intron sequence nucleotides to characterize the allele. Genomic DNA is amplified to produce an amplified DNA sequence characteristic of the allele. The amplified DNA sequence is analyzed to detect the presence of a genetic variation in the amplified DNA sequence such as a change in the length of the sequence, gain or loss of a restriction site or substitution of a nucleotide. The variation is characteristic of the allele to be detected and can be used to detect remote alleles. Kits comprising one or more of the reagents used in the method are also described.

Abstract: Single base pair differences between otherwise identical DNA fragments can result in an altering of the melting behavior which can be detected by denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis (DGGE). A method has been developed for efficient transfer of genomic DNA fragments from the gel following DGGE. The DGGE is run in a polyacrylamide gel (PAG) containing 2% low gelling temperature agarose (LGT). The PAG is crosslinked with a reversible crosslinker, and after electrophoresis the crosslinks are cleaved and 80-100% of the DNA fragments are transferred to nylon membranes by alkaline transfer. Hybridization with gene specific probes is then performed. The technique has been used to identify an RFLP in the COLIA2 gene.

Abstract: The cDNA coding for PP15 is described. This cDNA can be used to prepare PP15 in pro- or eukaryotic cells.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods of detecting proteoglycans in synovial fluid and methods of monitoring treatment of diseases characterized by breakdown of proteoglycans into synovial fluid. A test sample of synovial fluid is contacted with antibodies specifically bindable with proteoglycan, the antibodies being bound to a solid support. Bound proteoglycan is then contacted with detectably labeled antibody specifically bindable with said proteoglycan and the detectable label is then detected.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method and manufacture for detecting neuromuscular disease, particularly Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, by ascertaining whether a point mutation has occurred at the 11778 nucleotide position in the mitochondrial DNA of a patient. The invention provides methods to detect this mutation including digestion of the patient's mtDNA with restriction endonucleases followed by analysis of the resulting fragments, differential hybridization of oligonucleotides procedures, and differential PCR techniques.

Abstract: Polypeptides that bind to CD2, the receptor on the surface of T-lymphocytes. Most preferably, the polypeptides are soluble. DNA sequences that code on expression and/or secretion in appropriate unicellular hosts for those polypeptides.