Abstract: A traffic shaping circuit regulates packets transferred by a transmission resource into a network (e.g., a network on a chip) on behalf of a client. The packet transfers are selectively enabled or disabled based on a current budget value. The budget value is modified based on a packet-transfer cost in response to transferring a packet into the network. The rate of packet transfers into the network is monitored. A cost-adjustment signal is generated based on the rate of packet transfers. The packet-transfer cost is modified in response to the cost-adjustment signal for accounting for a subsequent-packet transfer into the network. The cost-adjustment signal may indicate an increase or decrease of the packet-transfer cost and/or a budget limit, both of which are read from a cost table comprising records ordered based on respective packet-transfer cost values. The packet-transfer cost and/or a budget limit are configurable.

Abstract: In a method for managing a VPN, a routing device establishes a BMP session with a BMP server. The routing device allocates a VPN label associated with a VPN instance, wherein the VPN instance is used for communication between the routing device and another routing device. Then, the routing device sends, to the BMP server, a BMP message that carries the VPN label. Because the routing device sends the VPN label through the BMP message, the routing device does not need to establish a BGP peer relationship with the BMP server to send the VPN label.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described for a two-step random access channel (RACH) procedure in which uplink random access preamble and message transmission occasions may span multiple transmission slots. Reference signal resources for transmitting a reference signal with a first random access message of the two-step RACH procedure may include at least one symbol in each of the multiple transmission slots. The reference signal resources, reference signal sequence, or both, may be identified based on a particular uplink random access message transmission occasion, random access preamble transmission occasion, random access preamble sequence configuration, or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a 3G gateway. In one embodiment, a system is disclosed, comprising a gateway situated between a 3G radio access network (RAN) and a core network, the gateway providing resource management for a nodeB, and providing routing and node management for another base station, wherein the base station may be configured to provide, as a virtual RNC, radio resource control, power control, ciphering, and multiplexing of multiple users onto a transmission path for a first mobile device attached to the nodeB; the gateway may be configured to relay traffic for a second mobile device attached to the base station; and the gateway may be configured to relay traffic to the core network from both the nodeB and the base station via an IuCS interface and an IuPS interface.

Abstract: Approaches, techniques, and mechanisms are disclosed for improving operations of a network switching device and/or network-at-large by utilizing queue delay as a basis for measuring congestion for the purposes of Automated Queue Management (“AQM”) and/or other congestion-based policies. Queue delay is an exact or approximate measure of the amount of time a data unit waits at a network device as a consequence of queuing, such as the amount of time the data unit spends in an egress queue while the data unit is being buffered by a traffic manager. Queue delay may be used as a substitute for queue size in existing AQM, Weighted Random Early Detection (“WRED”), Tail Drop, Explicit Congestion Notification (“ECN”), reflection, and/or other congestion management or notification algorithms. Or, a congestion score calculated based on the queue delay and one or more other metrics, such as queue size, may be used as a substitute.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide congruent bidirectional Segment Routing (SR) tunnels, namely congruent and fate-shared traffic forwarding for bidirectional SR tunnels. A bidirectional SR tunnel, as described herein, includes two unidirectional SR tunnels where the forward and reverse traffic directions follow the same path through the network when forwarded based on prefix and adjacency Segment Identifiers (SIDs). The term “congruent” is used herein to refer to the fact that the two unidirectional SR tunnels, i.e., the forward and reverse traffic directions, follow the same path through the network but in opposite directions. The guarantee of congruency is based on modification of the Segment Identifier (SID) configuration at the source nodes of each tunnel. Accordingly, the present disclosure maintains compatibility with existing Segment Routing configurations with the modifications solely at the source nodes.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system for transmitting a multicast packet are provided. The method includes: when a device that is in a source subnet and that is connected to a core network receives a multicast packet of a target multicast group, determining addresses of devices that are in a plurality of destination subnets corresponding to the target multicast group and that are connected to the core network, replicating the multicast packet, to obtain a plurality of multicast packets whose quantity is equal to a quantity of the plurality of destination subnets, separately adding outer encapsulation to each multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet to which the outer encapsulation is added, where a destination address in the outer encapsulation is an address of a device that is in each destination subnet and that is connected to the core network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data flow classification device including a forwarding circuit and a configuring circuit. The forwarding circuit looks the classification of an input flow up in a lookup table according to the information of the input flow, tags the packets of the input flow with the classification, and outputs the packets to a buffer circuit. The configuring circuit receives and stores the identification and traffic information of multiple flows, and accordingly calculates the traffic of the multiple flows, wherein the multiple flows include the input flow. The configuring circuit further determines an elephant flow threshold according to a queue length of the buffer circuit and a target length, determines the classifications of the multiple flows according to the comparison between the traffic of the multiple flows and the elephant flow threshold, and stores these classifications in the lookup table.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a packet processing method, which is applied to a first node. The method includes: obtaining N first packets, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and each of the first packets includes a first label; and sending the N first packets in a sending period corresponding to the first label.

Abstract: The technologies described herein are generally directed toward shedding processing loads associated with route updates. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor and a memory that can enable operations facilitating performance of operations including facilitating receiving, from a second routing device via a network, a communication. The operations can further comprise, in response to a queueing delay being determined to be less than a threshold, queueing, in the queue, the communication for a third routing device selected according to a first selection process as being on a route to a destination routing device for the communication. Further, operations to, in response to the queueing delay of the queue being determined to be equal to or above the threshold, transmit the communication to a fourth routing device, with the fourth routing device being selected according to a second selection process different than the first selection process.

Abstract: An access point (AP) may prioritize the allocation of uplink resources between multiple basic service sets (BSSs). In some aspects, the AP may select one of a plurality of BSSs, may allocate one or more random-access resource units (RUs) to only the selected BSS, and may transmit, for each of the selected BSSs, a respective frame indicating the random-access RUs allocated to that BSS. Wireless devices belonging to the selected BSS may contend for access to the random-access RUs allocated by the frame, and then transmit uplink data using the random-access RUs.

Abstract: A transit/egress node in a communication network uses a performance measured flow (PMF) identifier for statistics collection for a given PMF. The PMF identifier is carried in the piggy backed information without the use of separate SR label. The Piggy backed information carries the node information role of the node used by the transit egress node to collect statistics for a given PM segment. The node collects the statistics for multiple segments and multiple PM types using a metadata present in single received packet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments, and/or combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for identifying electronic devices in a room using a spread code. In some embodiments, a first electronic device receives a spread spectrum signal from a second electronic device over an audio data channel. The first electronic device determines a time of receipt of the spread spectrum signal based on despreading. The first electronic device calculates a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the time of receipt and a time of transmission. The first electronic device determines the second electronic device is not in the room with the first electronic device based on the calculated distance.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for high efficiency (HE) beacon and HE formats in a wireless network are disclosed. An apparatus of a high efficiency (HE) access point (AP), where the apparatus comprises processing circuitry configured select a <HE-MCS, NSS=1> tuple from the basic HE-MCS set of tuples, if a basic HE modulation and control scheme (MCS) (HE-MCS) and a number of spatial streams (NSS) set of tuples is not empty, and otherwise select the <HE-MCS, NSS=1> tuple from a mandatory HE-MCS and NSS set of tuples. The processing circuitry may be further configured to encode a beacon frame in a HE single user (SU) physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU), in accordance with the selected <HE-MCS, NSS=1> tuple, and configure the HE AP to transmit the HE SU PPDU. Null data packets formats, methods, computer readable media, and apparatuses are disclosed for multiple 20 MHz operations.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for data processing, user equipment, and a network-side device. The method includes: sending a first parameter for cross-slot scheduling to a network-side device; determining a second parameter for cross-slot scheduling of the UE, where the second parameter is the first parameter, or the second parameter is corresponding to the first parameter; and performing, based on the second parameter, data processing related to cross-slot scheduling.

Abstract: A device can receive, at a radio access network (RAN) and from a user device, first information to initiate a communications session that has one or more properties. The device can send second information to an access and mobility management function component (AMF) to authenticate the user device. The device can send third information to a user plane function component (UPF) to determine a set of network slice policies for managing the communications session. The device can receive the set of network slice policies and apply the set of network slice policies to the communications session. The device can detect a change in the one or more properties of the communications session and send a signal to the UPF to analyze the communications session. The device can receive a new set of network slice policies and apply the new set of network slice policies to the communications session.

Abstract: The invention provides a data communication method, including: sending, by the first electrical node, request information to an electrical node, where the request information is used to request an expected data volume quota of a first VOQ, and the first VOQ stores at least one first data packet to be sent to the electrical node; receiving response information, where the response information includes a target data volume quota; and sending the at least one first data packet to the electrical node via the at least one optical node based on the target data volume quota.

Abstract: A communication method includes: sending, by a policy control network element, first query information to a data analytics network element, where the first query information is used to obtain service quality information; and receiving, by the policy control network element, first response information sent by the data analytics network element, where the first response information includes the quality information that is of the service and that is requested using the first query information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In some systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems), a transmitting device such as an access point (AP) or mobile station (STA), may identify a number of spatial streams for a data transmission that is less than a number of transmit antennas, and may transmit a packet over a channel. In a first implementation, the packet may be formatted in a multi-user frame format, with a number of long training field (LTF) symbols equal to the number of transmit antennas. In a second implementation, the packet may be a null data packet (NDP), and the device may transmit a separate data packet. In a third implementation, the packet may be formatted in single-user frame format with a modified LTF. A receiving device may receive the packet, and may perform channel estimation and power amplifier (PA) distortion cancellation based on the received packet.

Abstract: A base station apparatus includes a downlink reference signal generation unit configured to generate a first demodulation reference signal and a second demodulation reference signal that are reference signals used to demodulate a data signal, and a radio transmitting unit configured to transmit the first demodulation reference signal, the second demodulation reference signal, and control information to the terminal apparatus. The control information includes parameters regarding the first demodulation reference signal and parameters regarding the second demodulation reference signal. The parameters regarding the first demodulation reference signal include an antenna port number. The parameters regarding the second demodulation reference signal include an antenna port number, and a time domain density or a frequency domain density with which demodulation reference signals are mapped into a slot. The first demodulation reference signal is mapped before the second demodulation reference signal in the slot.