Abstract: A ductile brazing material containing, by weight, 75-98% gold, 0.5-20% nickel, 0.5-6% vanadium, 0.25-5.9% molybdenum and, optionally chromium is disclosed for directly bonding ceramic/ceramic, ceramic/metal or metal/metal systems over an optimum temperature range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for fully beneficating nickel sulfide concentrates or other corresponding mixtures, unsuitable for smelting, by combining the use of both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, so that there are formed two separate concentrates, the first of which is suited to pyrometallurgical and the second to hydrometallurgical treatment. In the concentrate going to pyrometallurgical processing, the valuable metal content increases as a consequence of the treatment, and the Fe/MgO ratio of this concentrate is at least 2.6.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for melting aluminum alloy scraps which comprises the steps of: giving a rotation force to molten metal reserved in a cylindrical chamber so that the molten metal is made swollen up along the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical chamber by a centrifugal force caused by the rotation force while the liquid-phase surface of the molten metal is kept so as to draw a parabola to thereby produce a vortex flow in the molten metal; and introducing aluminum alloy scraps into the vortex flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for cleaning and rejuvenating septic tank sewage systems. Where the septic tank has a drainfield associated therewith, the method comprises penetrating the ground near a drainfield lateral, and agitating the area near the drainfield lateral while simultaneously applying suction to the drainfield lateral. Accumulated scum and waste is thereby removed from the drainfield lateral. Where the septic tank system has a dry well associated therewith, the method comprises penetrating the bottom of the dry well and agitating the area underneath the dry well to form accumulated scum and waste into a froth or malt at the bottom of the dry well, and removing the froth or malt by suction. The apparatus of the present invention comprises a penetrating nozzle attached to an articulated boom assembly for penetrating the ground near a drainfield lateral or underneath a dry well to apply forced air or fluid or suction to agitate the area near the drainfield lateral or underneath the dry well.

Abstract: Strength and ductility for a aluminum-lithium alloy wrought product in the transverse direction is improved by subjecting these types of alloys to improved T8 temper practice. The wrought product, after solution heat treating and quenching is subjected to a multiple step stretching sequence prior to aging, the total percent reduction for the multiple step stretching sequence ranging between 1 and 20 percent reduction. In the multiple step stretching sequence, each of the stretching steps may have the same or different amounts of percent reduction to achieve the desired total percent reduction. An aluminum-lithium alloy wrought product subjected to the improved T8 temper practice has increased tensile yield stress and percent elongation in its transverse direction to facilitate commercial application of the product in high strength applications.

Abstract: A method of producing magnesium vapor at substantially atmospheric pressure. The method comprises feeding into the reaction zone of a reduction furnace magnesium-oxide containing materials and metal reductants and then heating the magnesium-oxide containing materials and the metal reductants in the reaction zone to an operating temperature to create a slag composition. The slag composition has a phase diagram including a two-phase liquid and solid region. The feeding of the magnesium-oxide containing material and the metal reductant into the furnace bath are controlled such that the slag composition at the operating temperature is within the two-phase liquid and solid region of the phase diagram. In this way, reactions occur to produce magnesium vapor at substantially atmospheric pressure. A method of producing magnesium metal is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is described in which iron oxide-containing materials are reduced by a treatment with a gas underpressure in series-connected fluidized bed reactors, wherein hydrocarbons are cracked to produce the fresh reducing gas, reducing gas is fed to the first fluidized bed reactor as a fluidizing gas, the gaseous effluent from the first fluidized bed reactor is dedusted and is then fed as a fluidizing gas to at least one further fluidized bed reactor is dedusted and is subsequently treated in a scrubber-cooler to remove substantially all H.sub.2 O and residual dust, purified gas is recycled as recycle gas to the first fluidized bed reactor and the iron oxide-containing materials are preheated and are subsequently fed to the last fluidized bed reactor. The hydrocarbons are cracked by an approximately stoichiometric steam stoichiometric steam reforming. The freshly produced reducing gas is fed to one or more fluidized bed reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for roasting gold containing ore in which a flash furnace means is provided, in particular a gas suspension furnace for roasting the ore. Hot gas and the gold containing ore to be roasted are supplied to the furnace means, wherein the hot gas roasts the ore within the furnace means at temperatures between about 500.degree. C. and 700.degree. C. while the ore is suspended in the hot gas, after which the roasted ore is discharged from the furnace means along with the hot gas. In the apparatus of the present the ore to be calcined may optionally be preheated, prior to the ore entering the furnace means, by suspending the fresh ore in hot gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for both disposing of an environmentally undesirable material comprising rubber tires and the sulfur and metals contained therein and of providing fuel for a process of making molten iron or steel preproducts and reduction gas in a melter gasifier. The metals freed from combustion of the rubber tires is contained in the molten iron and sulfur freed from combustion of the rubber tires is contained in the slag.

Abstract: A process for continuously smelting iron ore by use of coal to yield molten iron or semi-steel is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of establishing a melt covered by slag; inducing the slag and the molten iron to flow countercurrently to one another, toward opposite ends of the smelter; maintaining iron oxide-reducing conditions in that zone of the smelter towards which the slag flows; maintaining carbon-oxidizing conditions in that zone of the smelter towards which the molten iron flows; continuously or semicontinuously tapping the slag from the reducing zone end of the smelter; continuously or semicontinuously tapping the molten iron from the oxidizing zone end of the smelter; and adding to both zones iron ore, coal, oxygen, and flux at addition rates sufficient to keep the molten iron in the reducing zone substantially saturated with carbon, maintain in the slag being tapped an FeO content of about 5 weight percent or less, and maintain in the molten iron being tapped a carbon content of about 0.

Abstract: Iron ore concentrate is converted to magnetic gamma hematite in an autogenous roasting operation which is self-sustaining. The iron ore concentrate is preheated and contained magnetite is oxidized to hematite. Hematite is reduced to magnetite using carbon monoxide. After cooling, the magnetite is oxidatively exothermically converted to magnetic gamma hematite. The thermal energy resulting from the latter step is recycled to the preheating and reduction steps while thermal energy resulting from the cooling step also is recycled to those steps. The magnetic gamma hematite may be subjected to magnetic separation to produce a very low silica high purity iron oxide concentrate, which may be blended with high silica concentrate to provide a pellet feed for making blast furnace feed pellets.

Abstract: Sponge iron particles obtained in a reduction unit are, subsequently, subjected to a hot-briquetting process and supplied to the refining vessel in a condition in which they are still hot from the hot-briquetting process. By means of this measure, the amount of energy consumed in the steel making process is reduced. The transport of the sponge iron briquettes from the hot-briquetting unit to the refining vessel can preferably be carried out in heat-insulated buckets. Possible heat losses which may perhaps still occur can be compensated for by a preheater preceding the refining vessel. For this purpose, the hot sponge iron briquettes are filled into the preheater, where they will then be heated by the hot waste gases originating from the refining vessel. In addition, this process offers a solution for the smooth transition from the continuous production of sponge iron briquettes to the discontinuous refining process.

Abstract: An elongate lance (4) is raised or lowered by means of a carnage (7) which is guided by vertical channels (8). The lance has lateral projections (18) whereby it is supported in a cradle (17) mounted to carriage (7) via springs (29). The apparatus permits the lance lower end (12) to be submerged in bath (3) and permits restricted lateral movement of the lance lower end.

Abstract: Process for producing agglomerates, e.g., by pelletizing a particulate inorganic material, for example, an ore material, characterized by the addition to the agglomerated material of an organic fibrous material, especially a polyacrylonitrile fiber material, to bind and thereby enhance the properties of the agglomerates and recovery of metal values therefrom.

Abstract: A cleaning process and apparatus for cleaning small diameter clogged holes or passages fashioned as deep through-holes or small diameter through-holes of varying sizes. The holes may be provided in dies for enabling a pressing of materials for manufacturing of pellets such as feed stuff pellets. The cleaning is effected by directing at least one water jet having a diameter less than one-half of a smallest diameter of the hole or passage to be cleaned. The cleaning medium is supplied possibly at supersonic speed. It is also possible to clean radially oriented holes or passages in the die by ejecting the cleaning medium from nozzles of the apparatus.

Abstract: A fluidized bed direct process is discharged for reducing raw iron ore fines and directly producing a steel product. The disclosed process includes a process for feeding raw iron ore fines into a multi-stage reactor assembly; a process for reducing fines in fluidized beds developed by a counter-current flow of reducing gas, where the reducing gas is developed in a reformer assembly; and, a process for recycling offgas exiting said reactor assembly.

Abstract: A metallothermal reaction mixture consisting of a metal oxide, a metal that is more electronegative than the metal of the metal oxide and, optionally, further additives, the individual components being present in the form of small particles, is prepared in which at least 20% by weight of the metal oxide is present in the form of spherical or at least approximately spherical particles ranging in size from >0 to 3.0 mm. A stabilization and evening out of the reaction is achieved by the invention composition of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for feeding a reaction gas, such as oxygen or oxygen-enriched air to a flash smelting furnace through a concentrate burner, so that the gas is fed in around a pulverous material distribution channel located in the middle of the burner. Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is fed into the reaction shaft through tubular channels in several separate gas jets, and the discharge velocity of the gas jets is adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved ladle suitable for transferring molten metal from a molten metal body. The ladle is fabricated from a titanium alloy and coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal. The titanium alloy and refractory coating have coefficients of thermal expansion that permit the ladle to be cycled in and out of the molten metal without spalling of the refractory coating from the titanium alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of melting a metal, which can demonstrate improved heat efficiency, increased yield and minimized pollutive gas generation. In this method, a metallic material stacked in a melting furnace is melted by heating it directly with the flame from a fuel burner using an oxygen gas having a purity of 60 to 100% as a combustion assisting gas. The oxygen gas is burned at an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of 0.55 to 0.99, while the unburned portion of the combustion gas is allowed to burn by O.sub.2 supplied separately through oxygen lances. Meanwhile, the metallic material is preheated by burning the unburned portion of the combustion gas, whereas the combustion assisting gas is heated before it is fed to the burner.