Abstract: A method of sensing image data from a film fed by a pulse motor and associated components, whereby sensing is carried out at fixed intervals along the film, independently of whether the pulse motor is in an acceleration or deceleration period and without the use of a separate rotation sensor. Values are stored in advance representing constant feeding lengths of the film during periods of acceleration and deceleration. While the film is being transported during such periods, the stored values are read out in sequence and the sensor operated at time intervals defined by the stored values.

Abstract: Phase adjustment techniques are disclosed for use with signal multipliers and the like. A system and method is disclosed for producing selected phase relationship product values in signals which are to be multiplied electronically. In one embodiment, a signal is modulated and then delayed in time by digital shifter prior to multiplication with a second signal. Techniques are disclosed for producing any desired time delay by digital shifter. A system for producing a phase lead in a modulated signal is also disclosed.

Abstract: A TVRO receiver utilizes an improved voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of the surface mounted type which has a wide bandwidth of operation extending into the microwave frequency range. The VCO comprises a dielectric substrate with a patterned-metal layer on one side and a surface mounted oscillator on the patterned-metal side of the substrate. The oscillator comprises amplifying means which produce an oscillating output by the use of regenerative feedback means including an open-circuit-stub inductance formed in the patterned metal layer, and a tunable resonant circuit coupled to the amplifying means in order to control the frequency of the oscillating output. The resonant circuit includes a short-circuit-stub capacitance formed within the patterned middle layer, at least one variable capacitance diode in series with the short-circuit stub, and means for applying a controllable tuning potential to the resonant circuit.

Abstract: A color signal demodulation apparatus includes an A/D converter for converting a composite color television signal into a digital signal, a pulse generator for generating timing pulses and sampling clocks, a Y/C separator for separating the output from the A/D converter into a luminance signal and a carrier chrominance signal, a subcarrier generator for detecting the phase of the subcarrier from the color burst signal, and a color signal demodulator for obtaining baseband color signals. The apparatus of the invention requires no low-pass filter.

Abstract: A color image sensor has: photodiodes for the color blue for converting blue light into a charge signal and storing it; photodiodes for the color green for converting green light into a charge signal and storing it; and photodiodes for the color red for converting red light into a charge signal and storing it, the blue, green and red photodiodes being arranged in a matrix. Three vertical lines are provided for each column to pick up the charge signals stored in the photodiodes via vertical MOS switches. The vertical MOS switches are serially connected to respective horizontal MOS switches which are turned on by a horizontal scan shift register. If the concurrent readout of color signals is not used, a single horizontal scan shift register is used. For sequentially turning on the vertical MOS switches for each color, three vertical scan shift registers are provided. By varying the operating timings of the three vertical scan shift registers, the charge storage time for each color can be controlled.

Abstract: A video signal processing arrangement for television signals encoded in digital form comprising means for compressing and/or expanding the size of the television picture represented by the video signal and means for rotating the television picture represented by the video signal is disclosed. The rotating means is separate from the compressing and/or expanding means and is switchable between a position prior to the compressing and/or expanding means in the video signal processing chain and a position subsequent to the compressing and/or expanding means. An arrangement having two separate video signal paths which are later combined to produce a composite picture is also described in which the rotating means can also be positioned after the combining means as well as before or after the compressing and/or expanding means in either path.

Abstract: This process uses a bidirectional transformation by blocks for images representing highly animated scenes and also uses a differential coding of the transformation coefficients when the pictures show slightly animated scenes. The coding device mainly comprises a cosine transformation device, a subtractor, and inter-image decoding device, a multiplexer, a device for discriminating the blocks showing highly animated scenes and blocks showing slightly animated scenes. The latter device controls the multiplexer. The subtractor and the decoding device make it possible to calculate the difference between each transformation coefficient and the homologous coefficient of the homologous block in the preceding picture. Moreover, a weighting device makes it possible to transmit with a larger number of bits the coefficients or coefficient differences corresponding to the low spatial frequencies of the images.

Abstract: A high-definition camera uses sinuous scanning to produce wide-bandwidth signals having high definition in the horizontal direction as well as in the vertical direction. A lowpass filter produces a limited-bandwidth signal from the wideband signal. The limited-bandwidth signal is compatible with standard television broadcast systems and receivers. A subtracting circuit compares the wide-bandwidth and limited-bandwidth signals to produce a delta signal representative of the difference. The delta signal exists only in regions of fine detail which cannot be resolved by the limited-bandwidth signal. The delta signal and its address are transmitted to the receiver together with the limited-bandwidth signal. At the receiver, the high-definition image is recreated by operation of the delta signal on the limited-definition signal. The delta signal and its addresses may be transmitted during the vertical blanking interval.

Abstract: In television transmitter equipment for a television transmission system having a time multiplexed signal in component form, the vision components are derived from a vision source (1), encoded in a MAC encoder (2) and the encoded vision signals are modulated in a frequency modulator (3) which also receives oscillations from an oscillator (4). The modulated output of the frequency modulator (3) is applied through a multiplexer (5) to a transmitter (6) whose modulated carrier is applied to a dish aerial (7) for transmission to a satellite. The equipment contains a number of sources (8 to 15) of sound/data information which are separated into two groups, an `A` group of sources (8 to 11) and a `B` group of sources (12 to 15). Digital signals from the `A` group sources are applied to an `A` packet multiplexer (17) where the signals are assembled packet-by-packet into a given time area at a bit rate of 10.125 MHz.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus of the type using recording papers in the form of sheets sized A5 which is smaller than a format A4. The apparatus in accordance with one embodiment includes a memory capable of storing an amount of picture signals which corresponds to an A5 document. When decoded picture signals have exceeded in amount the A5 format and the A5 sheets in the cassette have run down, the subsequent picture signals are written into the memory. In accordance with another embodiment, the apparatus includes a page memory capable of storing an amount of picture signals which corresponds to an A4 document. Decoded picture signals are once stored in the page memory. Immediately after one full page of picture signals have been stored, the feed of the paper is started. When the papers have run out as a result of the feed, transmission of subsequent pages is inhibited while the contents of the page memory are preserved. The apparatus is capable of receiving pictures of documents sized at least A4.

Abstract: A digital television receiver, having a line locked clock, includes a first digital phase locked loop which regenerates quadrature phase related subcarrier signals that are used to synchronously demodulate the chrominance signal components of composite video signals into color information signals. When nonstandard video signals (e.g., from a video tape recorder) are processed by the receiver, frequency instabilities in the line locked clock signal may cause the color information signals to be distorted. To compensate for this distortion, a second phase locked loop is synchronized to a reference signal generated by an analog oscillator. The analog reference signal is linearly added to baseband analog video signals provided by a tuner. The combined signals are digitized by an analog-to-digital converter and then filtered by parallel low-pass and band-pass filters to develop digital signals representing the video signals and the reference signal, respectively.

Abstract: A frame comb filter includes a pair of serially-connected field memories. In the normal display mode, the first field memory stores one field of incoming composite video signal CVS and provides a field delayed video signal FDS. The second field memory stores one field of the field delayed video signal FDS and provides a frame delayed video signal FRS2. The incoming composite video signal CVS is combined with the frame delayed video signal FRS2 to generate a Y/C separated component luma signal CLS. In the zoom processing mode, the first field memory stores two fields or one frame of incoming composite video signal corresponding to the zoomed portion of the input image, and provides a frame delayed composite video signal FRS1 at its output. The incoming composite video signal CVS is combined with the frame delayed video signal FRS1 representative of the zoomed portion to produce a Y/C separated component luma signal CLS for the zoomed portion.

Abstract: A remote control unit responds to activation of a "identify" button by transmitting a sequence of command signals, each of the same command in a different format. Since the appliance to be controlled is turned on, it responds in a predetermined way (e.g. a channel change) when it receives the properly formatted command. The user then terminates the learn mode and a pointer denoting the address of the last transmitted command, i.e. the properly formatted command, is stored in the unit and used as part of the address for reading data for subsequent user-selected commands out of memory.

Abstract: A luminance/chrominance separating apparatus for a composite video signal comprises a vertical direction filter section for extracting a delayed chrominance signal and a delayed luminance signal from the composite video signal; a horizontal direction filter section for extracting a non-delayed chrominance signal and a non-delayed luminance signal from the composite video signal; a correlation detector section for detecting a correlation of the composite video signal and producing a gain control signal in response to such detected correlation; and respective gain control circuits for receiving and processing the delayed and non-delayed chrominance and luminance signals in accordance with the gain control signal. In accordance with the gain control signal, complementary gain factors are determined, and applied to the delayed chrominance signal and non-delayed chrominance signal by the respective gain control circuits.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has a fibre optic faceplate with a uniform phosphor layer on the inside and color elements on the outside, which may be color filters or color phosphors responsive to light from the inside phosphor layer. With this arrangement, the tube may be rugged and alignment problems as between the shadow mask and color elements are eliminated since the color element may be formed after the tube has been permanently assembled, the formation of the color elements being achieved utilizing light generated by the inside phosphor layer in response to irradiation thereof by the electron beams. The shadow mask is arranged so that the zones of the inside phosphor layer irradiated by the scanning electron beams each have an area which covers the ends of a plurality of the optical fibres.

Abstract: An adaptive pseudo halftone generator which achieves high resolution and faithful rendering of gray scales or gradations even when video image data comprise a mixture of alphanumeric characters and other symbols represented by two-level signals and photographs and like images represented by multi-level signals. A value indicative of a degree of continuity of tones of an input video signal is computed to control the threshold value adapted for dot pattern representation on the basis of the computed value.

Abstract: A selection circuit is connected between a display composed of unit picture elements arranged in a dot matrix and a vertical scanning circuit, the selection circuit effects the selection of odd or even lines in the display. The advantages offered by such an arrangement are elimination of the necessity of interlaced scanning in the scanning circuit itself, cutting the number of steps in half in the scanning circuit during interlaced scanning, increase in the margin in operating speed and elimination of limitations on circuit configuration, device construction and materials used.

Abstract: A small lightweight portable television transmitter having few components and operable with NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems. A one transistor video amplifier receives a gain controlled video signal and adjusts the d.c. level. Common mode noise rejection and sync pulse stretching is provided by a two transistor single ended output differential amplifier. The r.f. modulator combines and emitter follower and a one transistor mixer, with the r.f. applied to the collector and the modulating signals, including video and an audio modulated subcarrier, applied to the base. The transmitter has less than about 210 electrical components, weighs less than 1 kg when constructed with discrete components and substantially less when integrated into a hybrid circuit, yet provides 3 watts minimum peak power.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having an explosion-proof band shrink fitted on the periphery of the panel thereof and having recesses formed so as to adjust the effective sectional area of the explosion-proof band to a value appropriate for correcting the strain of the panel caused by the evacuation of the tube body of the cathode-ray tube. The size of the recesses is determined on the basis of a misalignment correction estimated theoretically by using measured data of deformation of the panel, so that the deformation of the panel surface is corrected appropriately, and thereby misalignment of electron beams is minimized.

Abstract: An apparatus and method .Iadd.is described .Iaddend.for the modification of the color of television pictures in arbitrarily selected regions of the color space and of the picture. A region within which color modification is to take place is defined by establishing the bounds, or limits, for the region. Apparatus is described by which a determination can be made whether any given picture element lies within the region. For those picture elements which lie within the region, modification voltages are added to the television signals to accomplish the desired color modifications. Display apparatus is described which facilitates setting of proper bounds for the color modification region.