Abstract: A phosphor binding material and process is shown and described for LCD backlight systems. The improved process provides a residual phosphor binding material transparent to UV light. No UV light energy is lost to absorption in the binding material and more UV light energy is used to produce visible light. Because the UV light is better utilized in the production of visible light, overall lamp efficiency is improved.

Abstract: An electric reflector lamp is disclosed having a reflecting surface and a neck. A light source having a glass lamp vessel with a pinch seal is accommodated in the reflector body, the pinch seal being located in the neck. A mounting plate is present on the pinch seal. The plate is the bottom of a bush which extends axially along the lamp vessel towards the reflecting surface and which has a transversely extending rim which closes the neck.

Abstract: A field emission cold cathode is disclosed which comprises a first thin film formed of an emitting material and second thin films differing in composition from the first thin film, wherein the second thin films are superposed one each on the main surfaces of the first thin film to form a laminated structure, the lateral sides of the laminated structure expose the lateral end parts of the first thin film and the second thin films, and the exposed end parts of the first thin film emit electrons under an electric field. A method for the production of the cold cathode is also disclosed.

Abstract: A field emission cold cathode includes a conductive substrate (1), an insulating layer (2) disposed on the substrate (1), a gate electrode (3) disposed on the insulating layer (2), cavities (4) extending through the gate electrode (3) and the insulating layer (2), and emitter cones (6) disposed on the substrate (1) within the cavities (4). The gate electrode further includes high resistance areas (5) disposed around the tips of the emitter cones (6) that enables the field emission cold cathode to operate in the event of a short circuit between the gate electrode (3) and an emitter cone (6) due to electrically conductive foreign material entering a cavity (4). The field emission cold cathode can be use in an electron gun.

Abstract: To improve the durability of discharge electrodes formed in a plasma cell and achieve fine detail, a plasma-addressed display device is provided having a laminated structure with a display cell 1 provided with column-arranged, stripe-shaped signal electrodes 5, a plasma cell 2 provided with row-arranged, stripe-shaped discharge electrodes 9, and a dielectric sheet 3 sandwiched in between the display cell 1 and the plasma cell 2. The portions where the signal electrodes 5 and the discharge electrodes 9 intersect define pixels. The plasma cell 2 includes an insulating substrate 8 bonded to the dielectric sheet 3 with a gap therebetween to form a cell and a gas that ionizes when a voltage is applied to the discharge electrodes 9 sealed in the cell. The discharge electrodes 9 are constituted by electrically conductive material embedded into grooves 13 dug in rows into the insulating substrate 8.

Abstract: A xenon excimer (Xe.sub.2) radiation source for producing vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), broad-band, molecular radiation of wavelengths shorter than 200 nm includes fluorescent materials for excitation by the VUV radiation and illumination purposes. The fluorescent materials include a mixed borate with the general formula: (Y.sub.x Gd.sub.y Eu.sub.z)BO.sub.3 ; a mixed aluminate with the general formula: (B.sub.a Eu.sub.y)MgAl.sub.10 O.sub.17 ; a mixed aluminate with the general formula: (Y.sub.x Gd.sub.y Eu.sub.z).sub.3 Al.sub.5 O.sub.12 ; a mixed silicate with the general formula: (Y.sub.x Sc.sub.y Tb.sub.z).sub.2 SiO.sub.5 ; a mixed borate with the general formula: (Y.sub.x Gd.sub.y Tb.sub.z)BO.sub.3 ; and a mixed phosphate with the general formula: (Ln.sub.x Ce.sub.y Sc.sub.w Tb.sub.z)PO.sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum tube, particularly a cathode-ray visual-display tube. In order to absorb residual gases after having formed a vacuum in the tube a getter material (barium) is used, which is evaporated onto the internal walls of the tube from a getter support. According to the invention, instead of the getter support being welded to the electron gun it is independent of the gun and is fixed rigidly to the walls of the neck of the tube, in front of the electron gun. The distribution of the getter material in the tube is thus improved, especially for tubes focused by the neck, that is to say tubes for which the internal wall (covered with graphite) of the neck serves as a cylindrical electrode for focusing the electron beam, taken to the anode potential.

Abstract: A field emission device of simple structure enables stabilization and control of field emission current. A three-dimensional emitter formed on a base member incorporates therein a source layer on the side in contact with the base member, a drain layer on the side of the distal end including a tip and a channel region layer between the source layer and the drain layer. A gate is formed near the emitter. A strong electric field generated by applying a voltage to the gate causes cold electrons to be emitted from the emitter tip and the voltage applied to the gate also controls the conductivity of the channel region layer, whereby the field emission current emitted from the tip of the emitter is stabilized and controlled.

Abstract: A flat panel display device (50) includes magnetic field emitter elements (52). The emitter elements (52) include a dopant ferromagnetic material (56) used to produce a permanent magnet in the emitter elements (52). The permanent magnet in the emitter elements (52) generates a magnetic field (B) used to focus the electrons emitted from the tips of the emitter elements (52). The flat panel display device (50) further includes a voltage source (70) for producing an electric field (E) between a cathode electrode (54) having a gate electrode (58), and an anode electrode (60) having phosphor regions (62) disposed between black matrix regions (61). The magnetic field (B) provides a restoring magnetic force to collimate the electrons toward the phosphor regions (62) to produce a high brightness display.

Abstract: In an X-ray image intensifier, an incident window on which X-rays are incident is fixed to a support frame fixed to a glass vessel. The incident window has a dome portion and a flat portion around the dome portion, and is fixed to the support frame through an annular brazing sheet. The brazing sheet has brazing material layers. The brazing material layers are melted, thereby welding the brazing sheet, the incident window, and the support frame with each other. A groove is formed in the brazing sheet to form a brazing material puddle, so the brazing material will not reach the input screen of the incident window during melting. In an alternate embodiment, an anti-wetting layer is disposed on the incident window to prevent brazing material from wetting the input screen. In a further embodiment, the thickness of the X-ray incident window has a thickness that increases gradually from the center toward a peripheral portion thereof.

Abstract: An AC plasma display includes a plurality of parallel column electrodes (14); a plurality of parallel row electrodes (21) disposed from, and perpendicular to, the column electrodes (14); a dielectric layer (17) for forming a wall charge is made of a low dielectric constant glass having a low melting point includes sodium oxide and boron oxide and covers the column electrodes (14); and an electrode protective layer (16) made from an inorganic material, for example silicon dioxide, prevents diffusion of sodium from the dielectric layer (17) to the column electrode (14). The dielectric layer (17) is made of a glass having a low dielectric constant of 8 or less to reduce pixel capacitance thereby reducing the electrical power consumption of the display.

Abstract: The electric reflector lamp has a light source in an envelope with a seal. The seal has a projection against which a plate rests, the plate having a side which faces the light source. The seal is secured in the neck of a reflector body by means of cement which is present at a side of the plate which faces away from the light source. Thereby, an open passage to the beam-shaping portion of the reflector body exists allowing volatile substances released by the cement to escape when the reflector body is closed by means of a cover.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube includes a first spacer, a second spacer, an anode support member, and an anode. The first spacer is arranged to contact the rear surface of the focusing electrode support member and the front surface of the anode, and the second spacer is arranged to contact the front surface of the anode support member and the rear surface of the anode. This arrangement clamps the anode between the first and second spacers to hold the anode securely between the rear surface of the focusing support member and the front surface of the anode support member, keeping the distance between the focusing electrode and the anode constant. This structure improves the service life and the operational stability of the gas discharge tube during continuous light emission over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A replaceable headlamp lamp bulb may be held in retainer with a projecting tab. The tab may in turn be positioned in a slotted holder having adjacent pivots. The lamp bulb may then be positioned by sliding and pivoting the tab with respect to the slot and pivots until properly located. The tab may then be welded to the adjacent slot wall, thereby accurately and permanently fixing the lamp in three dimensions. The slotted holder may be retained in a less expensive resin, since ultrasonic welding is no longer required.

Abstract: A highly efficient discharge lamp has a color rendering index of about 85, a lumens per watt rating of about than 90, a correlated color temperature of 3000.degree. K., and a wall loading of about 21 W/cm.sup.2. The lamp has an outer glass envelope and a pair of electrical conductors extending into the interior of the glass envelope; a quartz discharge tube disposed within the outer envelope and including a pair of spaced electrodes which are electrically connected to the electrical conductors for creating an electrical discharge during operation of the lamp, the discharge tube having an arc chamber. An arc generating and sustaining medium is provided within the arc chamber and includes the halides of sodium, scandium, lithium, dysprosium and thallium, a fill gas selected from argon and xenon, and a given quantity of mercury to achieve a desired lamp voltage. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the halides are iodides and are present in the mole ratio of about 24-44:1:9.

Abstract: A spark plug for an Internal combustion engine is provided. When it is assumed that the distance of a first spark gap (g1) defined by a central electrode (8) and a first grounding electrode (16) whose width is "A" and which is axially opposed to the central electrode, and a second spark gap (g2) defined by the central electrode and at least one second grounding electrode (21) whose width is "B" and which is opposed to the side surface of the central electrode, the relationship defined by 0.5.ltoreq..SIGMA.Bn/A.ltoreq.1.5 is established, wherein "n" represents the number of the second grounding electrode to reduce the discharge voltage of the spark plug and maintain a high heat resistance. Preferably, the spark plug satisfies the relationship defined by 0.1 mm.ltoreq.g2-g1.ltoreq.0.4 mm to improve the ignitability of the spark plug.

Abstract: A one piece electrode is disclosed for use in miniature and subminiature lamps having a large diameter post section and a smaller diameter lead-in section. The lead-in section is formed by an electrochemical process from a wire that has an outer diameter equal to the desired post diameter. A smooth evenly tapered transition section between the post and lead-in sections is created during the etching process which permits heat to pass through the electrode at a controlled and predictable rate.

Abstract: A video camera (31) has a built-in video light (32) for photography in the dark. The built-in video light (32) has heat dissipation holes (32f1) capable of opening and closing, and a heat dissipation control for controlling opening and closing of the heat dissipation holes according to the stowage operation by a stowage control.

Abstract: A picture display device for driving a layer of an electro-optical material by exploiting a plasma for selecting a picture. The device includes a first substrate having a plurality of first electrodes arranged in parallel to one another, a second substrate having a plurality of parallel second electrodes extending perpendicularly to the first electrodes, a dielectric sheet provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of barrier ribs provided on the second substrate to from a plurality of plasma channels between neighboring second electrodes, an electro-optical layer provided between the first substrate and the dielectric sheet, an ionizable gas sealed between the second substrate and the dielectric sheet, and a plurality of insulating layers formed on the second electrode, with each insulating layer being formed on a part of the second electrode. There is also disclosed a method for manufacturing the plasma display device.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (10) includes a tubularly-shaped envelope (12) sealed at each end with a stem assembly (14). A fluorescent coating (26) is disposed on the interior surface of the envelope (12) and an electric discharge sustaining fill gas is provided within a hollow interior (24) of the envelope (12). Each stem assembly (14) includes a glass base portion (30) which seals the end of the envelope (12), an electrode (16), and a tubularly-shaped, light-transmissive, glass shield (22). The electrode (16) is disposed within the envelope (12) such that an electric discharge occurs between the electrodes (16) upon operation of the lamp (10). The glass shield (22) extends past the electrode (16) to partially surround the electrode (16) and shield the interior surface of the envelope (12) from material ejected from the electrode (16). The glass shield (22) allows the electric discharge to unaffectedly pass through an open end (42).