Abstract: The present invention provides novel catalysts for the simultaneous removal of SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x from flue gases. The catalysts may be supported or unsupported, pretreated or untreated, but allow the simultaneous reduction of SO.sub.2 to S and NO.sub.x to N.sub.2. Elemental sulfur is a useful byproduct of the process.

Abstract: A plurality of processes for producing unique end products containing elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, or mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, all of which processes involve the preparation of a first-step intermediate product that is a carbonaceous material appearing to be non-graphitic by X-ray diffraction standards and containing metal and halogen, which intermediate product is made from graphite fluoride and an appropriate metal halide. Among the end products are aluminum oxide fibers, elemental iron fibers, magnetic carbon fibers containing either iron or an iron-nickel alloy, and carbon containing various metals in the form of elemental metal or oxides.

Abstract: A high activity catalyst and the method of using it to effectively convert the hydrocarbon, soluble oil fraction and carbon monoxide in a diesel exhaust stream while minimizing the oxidation of SO.sub.2 is disclosed. The catalyst comprises at least one platinum group metal dispersed on a two-component support comprising in major amount one or more zeolites and in minor amount an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparation of nitrous oxide, wherein ammonia is reacted with oxygen in the presence of steam using a copper-manganese oxide catalyst having diffraction angles measured by X-ray diffraction analysis of about 36.degree., about 58.degree. and about 64.degree.; a copper-manganese oxide catalyst suitable for the process. The catalyst is highly active and selective, has a long catalyst-lifetime, gives a non-condensable gas comprising nitrogen, oxygen and nitrous oxide which contains nitrous oxide in a high concentration, and is less deteriorative. The catalyst can be used in a process for preparation of nitrous oxide in which formation of NOx as by-products is reduced; and a process for stably recovering nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst (3) for purifying an automotive exhaust gas, in which inner and outer catalytic layers (5,6), each of which has a base material and a catalytic material held by the base material, are stratified on a honeycomb-type carrier (4). In the catalyst (3), the inner catalytic layer (5) contains a palladium component as the catalytic component. Further the inner catalytic layer (5) contains a nickel oxide component for preventing poisoning of the palladium component. On the other hand, though the outer catalytic layer (6) contains a rhodium component as the catalytic component, it does not contain a palladium component nor a nickel oxide component.

Abstract: Straight-chain C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins are oligomerized to their dimers, trimers and tetramers by means of a fixed-bed catalyst, at superatmospheric pressure and at room temperature or elevated temperatures, by a process in which the catalyst used is one which contains, as active components, after deduction of the loss on ignition following heating at 900.degree. C., from 10 to 70% by weight of nickel oxide, calculated as NiO, from 5 to 30% by weight of titanium dioxide or zirconium dioxide, from 0 to 20% by weight of alumina, from 20 to 40% by weight of silica and from 0.01 to 1% by weight of an alkali metal oxide, with the proviso that the contents of the individual components in the catalyst sum to 100% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for rejuvenating an aqueous alkanolamine solution being at least partially deactivated from contact with an acid gas, said rejuvenation method comprising contacting said aqueous alkanolamine solution with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conversion conditions including contact time sufficient to increase the acid gas sorption capacity of said aqueous alkanolamine solution.

Abstract: Pitch based carbon fibers characterized in that their thermal conductivity is at least 1,000 W/m.multidot.K as measured at room temperature, their electrical resistivity is at most 1.2 .mu..OMEGA.m, their tensile modulus is at least 95 ton/mm.sup.2, their compression strength is at least 30 kg/mm.sup.2, and the ratio of crack-free fibers to cracked fibers is from 5/95 to 30/70, where the crack-free fibers are fibers having no cracks in their cross section, and the cracked fibers are fibers having cracks in their cross section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of high-strength activated coke for desulfurization and denitrification. The process comprises forming a mixture of plural coals of different caking properties and a binder, said mixture containing said coal of higher caking property in an amount of 10-50 wt. %, subjecting the thus-formed mixture to oxidization treatment in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1-18 vol. % and a temperature of 50.degree.-250.degree. C., subjecting the thus-treated mixture to carbonization treatment under conditions of an oxygen concentration not higher than 8 vol. %, a heating efficiency of 10.degree.-50.degree. C./min and a final temperature 600.degree.-900.degree. C., and then subjecting again the thus-carbonized mixture to oxidation treatment at an oxygen concentration of 3-18 vol. % and a temperature of 200.degree.-600.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a nitrogen oxide trap comprising a porous support; and catalysts consisting of manganese and potassium loaded on the porous support. The trap may be used in an internal combustion engine exhaust gas catalyst system. During lean-burn operation of the engine the trap sorbs nitrogen oxides and releases the nitrogen oxides during decreased oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for decreasing the emissions of chlorine-containing species from a process for contacting catalyst particles with a recycle stream containing chlorine-containing species. Prior to contacting the catalyst particles with the recycle gas, an effluent stream that contains chlorine-containing species contacts the catalyst particles at sorption conditions. The catalyst particles sorb the chlorine-containing species from the effluent stream. This method captures and returns to the process the chlorine-containing species that would be lost from the process and that would need to be replaced by the injection of make-up chlorine-containing species. This method results in a significant savings in capital and operating costs of the process. This method is adaptable to many processes for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons in which deactivated catalyst particles are regenerated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for re-processing deactivated DENOX catalysts on the basis of Ti/V/Mo/W mixed oxides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite composition comprising a culture of denitrificating bacteria and a process for the preparation of said zeolite composition. The zeolite composition further comprises potassium carbonate and sodium hydrogen sulphate. The zeolite composition is very useful for controlling the biological conditions in waters, in particular for controlling the growth of algae.

Abstract: A catalyst composition which comprises a crystalline metallosilicate having the structure of zeolite Beta, phosphorus and a matrix that is substantially free of crystalline aluminum phosphate which has improved resistance to steam deactivation at which has higher cracking activity than analogous catalysts prepared without phosphorus. The crystalline metallosilicate may be used in the as-synthesized form or in the calcined form. Also included is the method to produce the catalyst composition and methods for the use of catalysts prepared by the present method in organic conversion processes. Specific embodiments of the invention involve various techniques for preparation of catalyst containing phosphorus and crystalline metallosilicates having the structure of zeolite Beta. Catalysts prepared according to the method of this invention are useful for organic compound, e.g., hydrocarbon compound, conversion processes.

Abstract: A porous clay heterostructure of a 2:1 layered silicate prepared by a gallery templated synthesis method is described. The method uses an inorganic oxide, a neutral amine surf surfactant and a quaternary onium ion surfactant in the galleries of the 2:1 layered silicate. The structure is then calcined to remove the surfactants which act as a template to produce the porous clay heterostructure. The structure is useful for cracking catalysts, molecular sieves and adsorbents.

Abstract: A process for coating zeolite crystals with paraffin, a wax other than paraffin, a fat or oil, or a mixture of at least one QAC and a wax, fat, or oil. Preferably, the crystals are dehydrated until they have about 5% moisture content, and are then mixed with paraffin to produce paraffin-coated zeolite crystals having a desired content of paraffin. When the coated zeolite crystals are used for removing benzene from contaminated water, their paraffin content is preferably about 8% (by weight). Other embodiments are methods for using zeolite coated with paraffin, another wax, a fat, an oil, or a mixture of at least one QAC and a wax, fat, or oil to filter a contaminant from contaminated liquid or gas. The zeolite crystals are optionally impregnated with a chemical such as permanganate before they are coated with the desired wax, fat, oil or mixture. A zeolite crystal having pores coated with wax, fat, oil, or a mixture of at least one QAC and wax, fat, or oil is within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of a carbonaceous char capable of catalyzing the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. This carbonaceous char is produced from a bituminous coal or a bituminous material that has been carbonized and extensively oxidized at low temperatures (less than 700.degree. C.). The resultant carbonized and oxidized bituminous coal or bituminous material is then contacted with a nitrogen-containing compound in combination with an aliphatic organic compound containing both ether and alcohol functionalities as the temperature of the low-temperature char is increased to minimally 700.degree. C. This treatment results in a high-temperature char which may then be activated as desired. These activated chars show the aforementioned ability to rapidly decompose aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide and are also useful for the catalytic chemical conversion of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x, chloramines, and/or peroxides in liquid and/or gaseous streams.

Abstract: The synthetic porous crystalline material, MCM-56, is synthesized by a process comprising the steps of:a) preparing a reaction mixture containing sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M) cation, an oxide of an trivalent element X, an oxide of a tetravalent element Y containing at least 30 wt. % of solid YO.sub.2, a directing agent (R), and water, said reaction mixture having a composition, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, within the following ranges:YO.sub.2 /X.sub.2 O.sub.3 5 to 35H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2 10 to 70OH.sup.-- /YO.sub.2 0.05 to 0.5M/YO.sub.2 0.05 to 3.0R/YO.sub.2 0.1 to 1.0b) crystallizing said mixture at a temperature of about 80.degree. C. to about 225.degree. C., preferably about 125.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C., to form crystals of MCM-56,c) terminating said crystallization prior to the formation of a significant quantity of MCM-49, andd) separating the MCM-56 crystals from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing silicon carbide fibers having a C/Si molar ratio of from 0.85 to 1.39 and excellent in heat resistance and strength at high temperatures, while conventional processes have not been able to produce the fibers having the ratio of less than 1.56.The process of the present invention comprises the steps of rendering infusible precursory fibers made from an organosilicon polymer compound to obtain infusible fibers, then primarily baking the infusible fibers in a hydrogen gas-containing atmosphere while raising the temperature thereof to obtain primarily baked fibers, and further secondarily baking the primarily baked fibers to obtain final fibers. The secondary baking is performed in the atmosphere of a mixed gas of an inert gas with hydrogen chloride gas at 1,500.degree. to 2,200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst having the following formula:V.sub.a Sb.sub.b M.sub.c O.sub.xwherein M=tin, titanium, lithium, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, niobium, tantalum, tellurium, bismuth, or mixtures thereof,a=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2b=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2c=0.0 to 5, preferably greater than 0 to 5, most preferably 0.01 to 3, andx is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the elements,comprising forming an aqueous slurry comprising vanadium and antimony, adding a peptizing agent free of any lithium compounds capable of providing hydroxide ions to said slurry and spray drying said slurry to form an attrition resistant catalyst.