Abstract: A rear-focusing telephoto lens system includes a positive front lens group, and a positive rear lens group, in this order from the object The front lens group includes at least two positive lens elements, each of which has a large-curvature convex surface facing toward the object, and a negative lens element having a large-curvature concave surface facing toward the image. The rear lens group includes at least one lens element which has a convex surface facing toward the object, and is positioned at the most object-side in the rear lens group. Upon focusing, only the rear lens group moves along the optical axis, and the lens system satisfies the following condition: 0.5<f/fF<0.8  (1) wherein f designates the focal length of the entire lens system; and fF designates the focal length of the front lens group.

Abstract: An anastigmatic anamorphic lens, in particular for the projection of Cinemascope films, with a high aperture and an anamorphic factor of greater than 1.7. The anastigmatic anamorphic lens comprises a main objective with considerable positive astigmatism. A main objective which might otherwise be unsuitable for projection because of aberration phenomena, in combination with cylindrical afocal attachments, has its image defects supplemented with the typical aberrations of the attachments in such a way as to achieve an optimum overall result.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method of predicting the curvature radius of the microlens. By adjusting a spin speed of spin coating and exposure energy during a photolithography step, a volume of the patterned microlens material layer is controlled. Then a lens-forming step is performed to transform the patterned microlens material layer into a microlens. After measuring a diameter of the microlens, the volume of the microlens material layer is multiplied by a contraction coefficient to calculate a volume of the microlens. Then the diameter and the volume of the microlens are used to calculate a curvature radius.

Abstract: The invention provides an image display for viewing images in a preferred viewing direction. The display has parallel, macroscopically planar, structured surface, non-light absorptive light deflecting and reflecting portions which are longitudinally symmetrical in mutually perpendicular directions, both of which are perpendicular to the preferred viewing direction. A liquid containing a plurality of movable members contacts the light reflecting portion. A controller applies an electromagnetic force to selectively move the members into an evanescent wave region adjacent the light reflecting portion to frustrate TIR of light rays at selected points on the light reflecting portion. The structured surfaces on the light deflecting portion deflect light rays incident in the preferred viewing direction toward the light reflecting portion by imparting to the rays a directional component in the direction of longitudinal symmetry of the light reflecting portion.

Abstract: An optical system having a first positive optical element having an aspherical surface; and a second positive optical element having an aspherical surface. The first and second optical elements are arranged in a Keplerian configuration. The aspheric surface of the second optical element is related to the aspheric surface of the first optical element by a ray-tracing function that maps substantially all of an input light beam that is incident to the first optical element to a collimated output light beam that is output from the second optical element. The input light beam has a first axially-symmetric intensity distribution, such as a Gaussian intensity distribution, and the output light beam has a second axially-symmetric intensity distribution, such as a continuous, sigmoidal intensity distribution. Preferably, the output light beam has a Fermi-Dirac intensity distribution, and the ray-tracing function maps the input light beam to the output beam to a 1/e6 intensity radius of the input light beam.

Abstract: A virtual screen display apparatus includes a display arranged to generate display information and having an effective diagonal length DLC and an optical projecting element arranged to receive the display information from the display and to project and form an image, the optical projecting element having an effective F number which is defined by Fe=S1/PuD wherein S1 is a distance between the display and a principal point of the optical projecting element and PuD is a diameter of an exit pupil of the optical projecting element. A field optical element arranged to form an in-space image in a position of a virtual screen and to direct a divergent light flux from the virtual screen to a view region where the image is viewable to an observer.

Abstract: An illumination system includes a first optical integrator of inside reflection type, for reflecting at least a portion of received light, with its inside surface, and for defining a surface light source at or adjacent a light exit surface thereof, a second optical integrator of wavefront division type, for dividing the wavefront of received light and for defining a plurality of light sources at or adjacent a light exit surface thereof, an imaging optical system for imaging the surface light source at or adjacent a light entrance surface of the second optical integrator, and a collecting optical system for superposing light rays from the plurality of light sources one upon another, on a surface to be illuminated, wherein the imaging optical system has a variable imaging magnification.

Abstract: A high-performance zoom lens having a long back focal length and thus ideally suitable to electronic imaging equipment. The zoom lens comprises a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having a, negative refractive power, a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group G5 having a positive refractive power. When zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the air gap between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 increases, the air gap between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 changes, and the air gap between the fourth lens group G4 and the fifth lens group G5 changes. Vibration reduction is attained by displacing (shifting) a vibration reduction lens group G4v consisting of the fourth lens group G4 or a partial lens group in said fourth lens group in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: An image pickup optical system has an optical element of a transparent, optical material including an entrance surface, at least one reflective surface, and an exit surface. The optical element has an optical power, the image pickup optical system has an image pickup element including a plurality of pixels. On the image pickup element an image is formed by light from an object through the optical element. The optical material is a material having an index change amount &Dgr;n from an absolute dry condition at the temperature of 50° C. to saturation under a circumstance of the temperature being 50° C.

Abstract: A device according to the invention is useful for providing viewable images and sounds to persons undergoing medical treatments, including radiotherapy, cosmetic, and other surgeries. According to the invention, there is provided an image source means, a Fresnel lens and an enclosure which is adapted to contain the image source means and Fresnel lens, and which also includes a means for attaching the enclosure to existing equipment associated with a medical procedure, wherein the existing equipment includes a flat surface portion upon which the patient is intended to lay in either a supine or prone position. A device according to the invention is especially useful in rendering children immobile during radiotherapy without the need for administration of anesthetics which are otherwise necessary to keep the child from shifting position while the therapy is administered.

Abstract: The invention provides tunable optical filters in which operating characteristics such as initial cavity length and mirror tilt, affecting passband wavelength position and filter finesse, respectively, can be controlled independently of membrane tuning bias. An illustrative embodiment incorporates a surface-micromachined plate with an opening in which a moveable frame is supported by, e.g., flexure bars or support arms. A moveable membrane with a high reflective (HR) coated mirror is supported in an opening in the moveable frame. The mirror defines one side of a Fabry-Perot (FP) filter cavity and is movable in a direction along an axis of the filter cavity. The other side of the filter cavity is defined by a second HR-coated mirror. The moveable frame has a number of electrodes arranged on a surface thereof, such that an operating characteristic of the filter, e.g.

Abstract: A zoom lens system consists of, in order from the enlargement side to the reduction side, a first lens unit having a negative optical power and a second lens unit having a positive optical power. In the zoom lens system, either the first or the second lens unit has at least one surface having an optical power of diffraction.

Abstract: An improved electrochromic rearview mirror for motor vehicles, the mirror incorporating thin front and rear spaced glass elements having a thickness ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5. A layer of transparent conductive material is placed onto the mirror's second surface, and either another layer of transparent conductive material or a combined reflector/electrode is placed onto the mirror's third surface. A chamber, defined by the layers on the interior surfaces of the front and rear glass elements and a peripheral sealing member, contains a free-standing gel comprising a solvent and a crosslinked polymer matrix. The chamber further contains at least one electrochromic material in solution with the solvent and interspersed in the crosslinked polymer matrix.

Abstract: An end cap for a telecommunications enclosure has a perimeter. The end cap has a plurality of cable receptacle tubes arranged around its perimeter. Each of the cable receptacle tubes has a plug at an end of the tube opposite the end cap. Each tube has a respective height. A first one of the tubes has the greatest height. Successive cable receptacle tubes on each side of the first tube decrease in height monotonically from the height of the first tube. The difference in height between two consecutive tubes is greater than or equal to a thickness of a blade used to cut the plug off of the tubes. The space between consecutive cable receptacle tubes is substantially less than a width of a blade used to cut the plug off of the tubes. The end cap may have a plane of symmetry passing through the highest cable receptacle tube. To use the end cap, the plug is cut off of the first (highest) cable receptacle tube. A cable is secured to the first tube.

Abstract: Anodic electrochromic materials for use in an electrochromic device comprising a first moiety, wherein the first moiety comprises a metallocene or a substituted metallocene, and a second moiety, wherein the second moiety comprises at least one constituent which serves to increase the solubility of the first moiety in an associated solvent relative to solubility of the first moiety without the second moiety.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a driving voltage generator that generates a pulse driving voltage having a rising edge and a decaying edge. An optical modulator produces a first pulse at the rising edge of the pulse driving voltage and a second pulse at the decaying edge of the pulse driving voltage. Therefore, the first and second pulses are both produced from a single driving pulse voltage. The frequency of the first pulse is determined by the slope of the rising edge of the pulse driving voltage and the frequency of the second pulse is determined by the slope of the decaying edge of the pulse driving voltage. The first and second pulses are transmitted through a transmission line. A detection device detects the first and second pulses after being transmitted through the transmission line.

Abstract: A laminate optical article including a first outer layer; a second outer layer; and an inner layer positioned between said first and second outer layers, the inner layer providing a desirable optical property to the laminate optical article.

Abstract: A lens circumscribing rays of light incident thereupon from various directions within a fixed region, the system condensing light therewith, and the lighting therewith, are provided. Plural circumscribing ray route lenses 1 characterized by; a refraction condensing light means for transmitting the incident light within a fixed region by refraction in accordance with the region of the incidence angle, and a total reflection condensing light means for transmitting the incident light within a fixed region by total reflection in accordance with the region of the incidence angle: are arranged in a state of transmitted light being emitted within the energy receiver section 12 as a elected region for condensing the sunlight in accordance with the arrangement location of each said lens (FIG.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a mold for molding an optical element in which eccentricity of an optical insert can be suppressed as much as possible. In order to achieve this object, in a mold for molding an optical element, which molds an optical element having a curved optical surface on at least one surface thereof by injecting and solidifying a molten resin material, a mold member that forms a cavity surface for molding the optical surface includes a plurality of specular optical inserts that divide the optical surface into a plurality of surfaces. Contact surfaces of the divided specular optical inserts which come into contact with each other have grooves extending from the optical surface.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed for interleaving or de-interleaving optical channels. A beam splitter combiner provides the function of splitting an incoming beam into two sub-beams which are then fed respectively to a first and second different GT resonator. The GT resonators provide a feedback signal in response to receiving the first and second sub-beams of light, respectively, to the beam splitter/combiner.