Abstract: Techniques are described herein for intelligent shedding of inroutes determined to have high burst error rates. Embodiments operate in context of a multi-spot beam satellite communication system that uses time-division multiple access (TDMA) communication protocols and inroute groups. Burst error rates of inroutes can be monitored over time to identify bad inroutes. Each bad inroute can be shut down and quarantined. After a predetermined amount of time, one or more selected terminals can be redistributed to the bad inroutes, and the burst error rates of those inroutes can be monitored again to determine whether those inroutes should remain quarantined. If an inroute is no longer bad, it can be removed from quarantine and returned to an inroute group list. If the inroute is still bad, it can be periodically re-checked until it ultimately improves, is permanently quarantined, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a network element or function configured to provide an application function providing a service in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to generate and send, to a communication network control element or function of the communication network, an indication that a change from a first application function currently providing the service to a communication session conducted in the communication network to a second application function providing the service to the communication session from now on takes place, wherein the indication is configured to cause an event in the communication network to switch a communication path from the first application function to the second application function.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatuses for physical random access channel (PRACH) repetition. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) can include: a receiver that receives configuration information; a processor coupled to the receiver, wherein the processor: determines a plurality of synchronization signal block (SSB) patterns based on the configuration information, wherein each SSB pattern includes one or more SSBs; determines an SSB pattern from the plurality of SSB patterns; determines a set of random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs) for PRACH repetition based on the determined SSB pattern; determines, from the plurality of SSB patterns, a set of SSB patterns associated with each RO of the set of ROs, wherein the set of SSB patterns include the determined SSB pattern; and determines a set of preambles associated with each SSB pattern of the set of SSB patterns; and a transmitter coupled to the processor.

Abstract: A mobile device may receive a plurality of timestamps, wherein the plurality of timestamps indicate sending and receiving time for ranging packets and response packets. The mobile device may calculate a responder turn-around time as a first difference between the second time and the first time. The mobile device may calculate a responding round trip time as a second difference between the second time and the third time. The mobile device may receive from the electronic device an initiator turn-around time and an initiator round trip time. The mobile device may calculate a frequency offset for the wireless protocol using the responder turn-around time, the responding round trip time, the initiator turn-around time, and the initiator round trip time. The mobile device may compare an observed frequency offset to the calculated frequency offset to determine a frequency offset difference and whether it exceeds a threshold, adjusting a ranging measurement.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment apparatus at least to: receive, from a network device, an instruction to provide backscattering service to at least one ambient IoT device for a service period of time T; provide, based on the instruction, the backscattering service to at least one device; decide to cease providing the backscattering service prior to an end of the service period of time T; and transmit, to the network device prior to the end of the service period of time T, a notification indicating the decision to cease providing the backscattering service.

Abstract: A node of a first TDMA network, such as a link 16 network, uses a first receiver to participate in the first network, while using a second receiver to detect and report a second TDMA network, which is not synchronized with the first network, by listening for a characteristic message from the second TDMA network. The timing error between the networks can be estimated from the received message timing. Upon detection, the node can join the second network and/or request updated timing information from the second network. In embodiments where timeslot-specific TRANSEC filters are required, the node selects a TRANSEC filter for a timeslot that is further in the future than an estimated timing error bound. The first and second networks can implement the same network protocol and architecture, differing only due to the timing offset between their network timing references, as would be the case for a split network.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. The present disclosure provides a method and equipment for supporting a handover, which discloses: a method performed by a first node in a wireless communication network, including: receiving a handover request message from a core network node; sending a first message including an indication of direct data forwarding to a second node; and receiving a second message including information on data forwarding tunnel allocated by the second node from the second node.

Abstract: A method for facilitating a CAG selection in an NPN is provided. The method includes transmitting a first indication to a UE. Upon the UE receiving the first indication, the UE is enabled to: in a case that an AS layer of the UE receives a request from a NAS layer of the UE and the CAG identity is determined by the UE to be included in the allowed CAG list, report, by the AS layer, the first indication and the CAG identity to the NAS layer, in a case that the CAG identity is determined not to be included in the allowed CAG list, report, by the AS layer, the first indication to the NAS layer to allow a manual selection of the CAG identity, and perform a cell selection or reselection procedure according to the CAG identity and the first indication.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to method and network elements for external assisted application mobility for edge computing. A method at a first network element for assisting a user equipment (UE) in mobile edge host switching comprises: setting up one or more geofences, one for each of one or more mobile edge hosts, based on topology information of a network comprising the one or more mobile edge hosts; detecting whether the UE moves across the boundary of a first geofence of the geofences; and transmitting, to a second network element, a message comprising a first indicator indicating a first host switching event for the UE in response to detecting that the UE moves across the boundary of the first geofence.

Abstract: A terminal device includes a sound output device and a middle frame with a first through hole and a second through hole. The display module is mounted on the middle frame, and the sound output device is located on a side of the middle frame. The terminal device is provided with a first sound output hole set and a second sound output hole set. The sound output device is fixed to the middle frame by a bracket provided with a first groove section, a second groove section, and a third groove section. The sound output device is in communication with the first sound output hole set through the first groove section and the first through hole, and the sound output device in communication with the second sound output hole set through the first groove and the second through hole.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method of data transfer, comprising: receiving data at an ingress interface of a device, the received data comprising pay load data and ingress destination data, assigning received data to one of a plurality of logical data streams based on the ingress destination data, the device removing the ingress destination data associated with the payload data and adding egress destination data to the payload data, for each logical data stream, wherein egress destination data added depends on the logical data stream, outputting data at an egress interface of the device, the output data comprising the pay load data and the egress destination data, wherein data flow between the ingress interface and the egress interface of the device is unidirectional.

Abstract: Parsing of C-plane messages is described using transmission blanking, e.g., C-plane messages that are communicated from an open RAN distributed unit (O-DU) to an open RAN radio unit (O-RU) to determine whether a particular symbol that is to be subsequently communicated via U-plane messages is blank (e.g., no physical resource blocks (PRB)) or not blank (e.g., at least one PRB). A bitmap can be constructed by the O-RU having a bit length equal to the number of symbols to be communicated, where each bit of the bitmap corresponds to one of the symbols and indicates whether the corresponding symbol is blank. Such can be determined from counters that can count the number of blank PRBs within a given symbol. During blank symbols, some devices can be powered down to conserve power on a symbol-by-symbol basis in a manner that is compliant with Open RAN specifications and does not presume the same vendor for O-RU and O-DU.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising adjusting one or more timers associated with uplink synchronization based at least partly on at least one of: a velocity of the apparatus, a velocity of a satellite, a movement direction of the apparatus, a movement direction of the satellite, a relative speed between the apparatus and the satellite, an accuracy of ephemeris information associated with the satellite, an orbit propagator model associated with the satellite, a first elevation angle between the apparatus and the satellite, a second elevation angle between a base station and the satellite, an accuracy of location information provided by a global navigation satellite system, an accuracy requirement for timing advance estimation performed by the apparatus, and/or a common timing advance broadcast rate.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus is provided. The method includes: camping on a first cell by a terminal device. The method further includes: determining, by the terminal device, to access a second cell in response to: receiving a paging message from the first cell, determining that there is to-be-transmitted uplink information, or determining that there is a to-be-transmitted non-multicast service. A frequency of the first cell is different from a frequency of the second cell. The terminal device may not perform uplink transmission or may receive only a multicast service in the first cell so that energy consumption of cell measurement and beam selection is reduced. In addition, resource utilization of a communication system can be improved through flexible deployment.

Abstract: Aspects of the present application relate to mobile communication devices having active device components and passive device components and, more particularly, to operation of the passive device components to form a backscatter signal from a received forward signal. Forming the backscatter signal may include generating the backscatter signal from the received forward signal without decoding a plurality of sub-signals in the received forward signal, the backscatter signal being a time-domain function of a contiguous subset of the time-domain plurality of sub-signals in the received forward signal. Upon receipt of the backscatter signal, a reception point may obtain information about the mobile communication device that contains the passive device components. Such information may relate to timing, position and identity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and circuitries are provided for performing adaptive cell searching. In one example, a method for a user equipment (UE) includes determining that the UE has entered an out of coverage (OOC) status and, in response, configuring a cell search pattern that defines a series of scheduled search instances for each of one or more frequency sets. A timing of the series of scheduled search instances is based on a time at which the UE entered OOC status and the cell search pattern is configured to cause performance of a respective minimum search rate of respective frequency sets. The frequency sets are searched based on the configured cell search pattern.

Abstract: A cell determination method is performed by a terminal, and includes: receiving slice-related information from a non-access stratum through an access stratum; and performing at least one of a cell selection or a cell reselection based on the slice-related information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for enhanced location services in 5G are provided. One method may include storing, at a network node, at least one of data network access identifier(s) (DNAIs), an indication of serving area(s), and/or slice information that is supported by a location management function (LMF) with or in a LMF profile. The method may also include transmitting, to a consumer network function (NF), the LMF profile with the at least one of DNAIs, indication of serving area(s), or slice information supported by the LMF.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a communication circuit and a processor electrically connected to the communication circuit, where the processor may be configured to receive location information of the electronic device, identify whether an amount of the location information is greater than or equal to a reference amount, and change a geofence configuration based on a location accuracy radius of the location information, in case that the location information amount is equal to or greater than the reference amount, and the location accuracy radius may be determined based on a probability that the electronic device is actually located in a specific area.

Abstract: A cellular communication system supports network slicing and has a network relay function (140) for managing the indirect connections. A mobile device (110) may send a request message to a relay device (120), the request message including a slice to access. A response message indicates available slice(s) and relay device(s). The device selects a slice and/or relay device in dependence of the response message. The relay device receives the request message and sends a transfer request message to the cellular communication system indicating a request to transfer data via an indirect connection and including the requested slice, and sends the response message.