Abstract: A process is described for preparing metal alkyl carbonates, useful as carboxylating agents, which comprises reacting an inorganic metal salt with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and carbon dioxide under substantially anhydrous conditions in the presence of a solid acid acceptor, said alcohol being employed in sufficient amount to form a solution of the resulting metal alkyl carbonate in the alcohol.

Abstract: An aryl sulphur compound of formula (I) : ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl; Ar is a phenyl group optionally substituted by halogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl and wherein Z is S or SO, having antiallergy activity.

Abstract: A process for the production of an arylsulphonium salt, comprising reacting an aromatic compound of the formulaAr--Hin which Ar is an aromatic radical with a sulphoxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is an aliphatic or aromatic radical or, together, a divalent radical, in the presence of hydrogen fluoride. The products are known and can be converted to arylthioethers which are intermediates for other known syntheses.

Abstract: Chloroethyl, chloropropyl, and other chlorine-substituted chloroformates are manufactured by reaction of phosgene with appropriate epoxide compounds, in a new manner, that results in very high yields of product in a continuous process. The process requires the use of activated carbon as a stationary catalyst, a circulating load of pre-formed product as diluent, and operating temperatures in the range of 60.degree. to 125.degree. C. preferably 75.degree. to 115.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing thiols and polythiols by the addition of a thiolcarboxylic acid, e.g., thiolacetic acid, to ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of an initiator comprising a pinacol of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are members independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aromatic radicals, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are members independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic and aromatic radicals and X and Y are members independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkoxy and aryloxy to obtain a thiol ester which is thereafter hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding thiol.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of salts of monoesters of the carbonic acid, the improvement consisting in that the alcohols corresponding to the esters are reacted with carbon dioxide and a compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. A distinct advantage over the use of the alcoholates is obtained inasmuch as the reaction is less violent, side-reactions are put aside and the costs are lowered.

Abstract: A method is described for dehydrochlorinating 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane employing a refluxing dipolar aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide, containing a lithium halide catalyst to produce a crystalline product consisting essentially of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene. The crystalline product can be isolated in substantially pure form and converted to a high impact, flame retardant polycarbonate.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of esters of m-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and its .alpha.-cyano and .alpha.-ethinyl derivatives with carboxylic acids containing at least 6 carbon atoms by heating together a methyl or ethyl ester of the carboxylic acid, an ester of m-phenoxyphenyl alcohol or its .alpha.-cyano or .alpha.-ethinyl derivative with an acid of the formula R.CO.sub.2 H wherein R is an alkyl group containing not more than 3 carbon atoms, and tetramethyl or tetraethyl titanate at a temperature such that the methyl or ethyl ester of the acid of formula R.CO.sub.2 H is removed by distillation as it is formed.

Abstract: Suitable organic sulfides are converted to the corresponding organic sulfoxides by contacting with at least one suitable hydrocarbyl sulfoxide, a protonic acid, and a suitable metal promoter. Alternatively, if hydrogen chloride is the protonic acid, graphite or suitable metal promoters can be employed.

Abstract: A method for making a carbonic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, which comprises reacting the corresponding alcohol, ROH, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, under pressure and at elevated temperature, in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, said catalyst being a complex formed between copper-I-chloride and vanadium trichloride, chromium trichloride, iron trichloride, cobalt-II-chloride, aluminum trichloride, or silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: An improved method of producing dialkyl-sulfoxides by oxidizing corresponding dialkyl-sulfides with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acidic medium. It remedies the drawback of the similar prior art as concerns the separation of the sulfoxide formed from its reaction medium. The new method permits of easily recovering the sulfoxides in the state of good purity.The improvement consists in mixing the reaction medium with a large proportion of a solvent capable of yielding an azeotropic mixture with water. Then, after oxidization, the water is removed by distillation as azeotropic mixture. Preferably solvents are used which dissolve the dialkyl-sulfide but do not dissolve the sulfoxide formed; heptane is a particularly useful solvent. When an excess of the solvent is used, there is obtained, after distilling off the azeotropic mixture, a slurry of sulfoxide and solvent, easy to separate.

Abstract: Described are .alpha.-oxy(oxo) sulfides and ethers having the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X is one of: ##STR2## Z is one of sulfur or oxygen; when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are taken separately, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, and R.sub.2 is methyl; and when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are taken together, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form phenyl moieties; and Y is one of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkenyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, or 1,3-diethylacetonyl.Addition of one or more .alpha.

Abstract: Beta,beta-dialkylethylmercaptoethoxylates as new compounds.

Abstract: Certain synthetic zeolites have been found to provide high conversion over extended periods when used as catalysts in the addition reaction of hydrogen sulfide with branched, unsymmetrical olefins to produce tertiary mercaptans.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of preparing a polyhalodiphenyl carbonate containing 6-10 halogen atoms from a reaction in a basic aqueous medium of a polyhalophenol and a carbonate precursor in the presence of a suitable catalyst, the improvement comprising reacting the components at a pH above about 10.5 in the presence of a solvent in which the polyhalodiphenyl carbonate is essentially insoluble and in which color bodies associated with polyhalophenol are soluble and retained. The improved process produces a polyhalodiphenyl carbonate which is essentially colorless and which possesses a low residual chloride content.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,4'-dinitro-diphenyl carbonate which comprises adding to a sulfuric acid solution of diphenyl carbonate maintained at a temperature between -40 and +40.degree. C a nitric acid in a stoichiometric or slight stoichiometric excess.

Abstract: New glycine and alanine thioesters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or halogen,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or halogen,R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.5 represents methyl or ethyl,R.sub.6 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano or thiocyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl which is substituted by halogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, andX represents ##STR2## with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms contained by the groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 does not exceed 8.

Abstract: A polymer of 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol) is prepared by contacting 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol) with oxygen in the presence of a copper salt/amine complex catalyst. The polymer is useful as an antioxidant for polyolefins.

Abstract: An aromatic carbonate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide in the presence of a base, Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum having an oxidation state greater than zero. The resulting aromatic mono- and polycarbonates are useful in the preparation of polycarbonates or as polycarbonates, per se, respectively, which can be molded or formed into films, sheets, fibers, laminates or reinforced plastics by conventional techniques.

Abstract: An aromatic carbonate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide, a base, a Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum having an oxidation state of plus one. The resulting aromatic mono- and polycarbonates are useful in the preparation of polycarbonates or as polycarbonates, per se, respectively, which can be molded or formed into films, sheets, fibers, laminates or reinforced plastics by conventional techniques.