Abstract: Installation for the production of yellow phosphorus comprises an electrothermal furnace and an apparatus for preliminary melting of phosphate-quartzite charge. This apparatus communicates with the bath of the electrothermal furnace via a melt collector and a liquid seal. Said apparatus and the melt collector comprise a pipe unit forming an evaporator circuit. Electrodes are arranged in the electrothermal furnace in such a manner that the first electrode in the direction of flow of melt from the collector to the furnace is located opposite to the liquid seal. A process for the production of yellow phosphorus effected in the above-described installation comprises melting phosphates with grading less than 10 mm and quartzite comminuted into flour in the apparatus for preliminary melting, concurrent defluorination of the melt by treating it in a thin layer with overheated steam obtained from moisture contained in fuel combustion products and feeding the defluorinated melt into the electrothermal furnace.

Abstract: A method for operating a battery of horizontal coke ovens which are connected to primary and secondary gas-collecting mains extending alongside the battery, wherein dust-laden gas which occurs during charging of an oven is caused to flow through the secondary main while the velocity of the gas in the secondary main is maintained at a level which will prevent settling of the dust and the temperature within the secondary main is maintained at a level which will prevent condensation of tars.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sterilization of a dialysis system. The dialysis system comprises a dialyzer, a receptacle for water and a receptacle for dialysis concentrate, and fluid conducting means for conducting fluids from the receptacles for water and dialysis concentrate to and through the dialyzer. The method includes the steps of terminating the conducting of dialysis concentrate through the fluid conducting means, introducing sterilizing agent into the fluid conducting means at a first point in the fluid conducting means, conducting the sterilizing agent through the fluid conducting means downstream of the first point, and directing a portion of the sterilizing agent from a second point in the fluid conducting means to a third point in the fluid conducting means, the second point being downstream of the first point and the third point being upstream of the first point.

Abstract: One or more ketoses such as fructose are separated from a solution of sugar mixture containing the ketoses and one or more aldoses by contacting the solution of sugar mixture with an insoluble high polymer having primary amine moieties to remove the aldoses from the liquid phase by bonding the aldoses to the high polymer.

Abstract: Anaerobic livestock manure, comprising an admixture of feces and urine, is deodorized by topically applying onto the manure an aqueous deodorizing-mixture of a suitable iodine ingredient and an oxidizing agent. Preferably, the aqueous deodorizing-mixture comprises elemental iodine, potassium iodide, and alkaline hypochlorite oxidizing agent which has a long term shelf life. For urine-deficient manure piles, wherein urine has been pumped or otherwise removed from the manure feces, the deodorizing-mixture product desirably further contains non-urinary ammoniacal material, such as ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: An inclined chamber of a coke oven is defined by a heating side wall, a coke removal side, a horizontal chamber ceiling and a chamber floor inclined downwardly from the heating side wall to the coke removal side. Briquettes are charged into the chamber, through charging holes in the heating side wall arranged vertically one above the other and through charging holes in the chamber ceiling arranged one behind the other, in separate inclined fill layers. The charging operation is through separate charging holes, in a sequence from the lowermost charging hole in the heating side wall to the uppermost charging hole therein, and then from the chamber ceiling charging hole closest to the heating side wall to the chamber ceiling charging hole furthest therefrom. The vertical and horizontal spacing between adjacent charging holes is dimensioned to avoid breakage of the briquettes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the elemental composition of materials in concentrations as low as a few atoms, or molecules, per cubic centimeter. When introduced into a gas stream containing an excess of an energetic metastable species of nitrogen or noble gas, the material, if atomic, is rapidly and repeatedly excited, or, if molecular, it is decomposed and subsequently certain component atoms of the molecule are excited, and thereupon fluoresce at their characteristic wavelength(s). The wavelength(s) and intensity of the emitted light (fluorescence) are determinative respectively of the identity and the concentration of the atoms of the different elements present.

Abstract: PH indicator composition has controlled change of color at a selected sub-freezing temperature. The composition comprises at least one pH indicator, a buffer solution containing at least one inorganic ion in solution and a control agent or a precursor of a control agent. The buffer solution has a pH capable of changing when the temperature of the buffer solution is lowered to below freezing. The control agent is capable of effecting a change in ionic strength and proton composition of the frozen pH indicator composition to thereby control the temperature at which the color change occurs. A method of using the composition comprises lowering the temperature from a first temperature above freezing to a second temperature at which the pH indicator composition is in a substantially frozen state. The composition is particularly useful in a color change thermometer.

Abstract: In the automated, batch preparation of diluted samples, i.e., the preparation of sample/diluent aliquots of repetitively and exactly maintained fixed ratio, metered diluent is pneumatically introduced into a vented mixing chamber, using the principle of gas pressure drop in the dynamic or flowing condition to deposit and entrap the diluent in the chamber. The diluent is thus suspended on the head of a moving gas column that continues to pass through the diluent, producing bubbling agitation. Following the introduction of metered sample by a preferred technique, pressure is equilibrated, producing a momentary quiet condition, and is then reversed, compressing the column of supporting gas underneath the aliquot, and displacing the aliquot into a remote injection loop, and ultimately onto an analytical instrument for testing. The technique permits direct, successful immersion, as an illustrative example, of 2,4-dichlorophenol sample, process stream temperature 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Test means, method of making a test device and process for detection of ketone bodies are disclosed. More particularly, suitable test means are of the type having a nitroprusside in combination with at least one inorganic salt of a metal selected from the group of magnesium and calcium. Optionally, at least one primary amine is combined therewith. The compositions are advantageously incorporated with a carrier, such as a matrix or tablet, to provide a test device. The metal salt stabilizes the nitroprusside in solution at alkaline pH, allowing for a single-dip production method, promotes ionization of ketone bodies, resulting in a shortened reaction time, and stabilizes the resulting chromophoric complex. The chromophoric complex is further stabilized by the primary amine.

Abstract: A cylindrical drum having a lining spaced apart from the shell of the drum is rotatably mounted on a frame movable on rails along the coke side of a coke oven battery. A fume shield is fixed to the frame and covers openings in the shell and lining through which hot coke passes, when pushed from a coke oven chamber. A hood is fixed to the structure supporting a coke guide and has a movable portion that coacts with the rotatable shell when coke gravitates into the shell. The drum is rotatable to several operative positions.

Abstract: Automatic sterilizer apparatus having an enclosed sterilizing chamber and a heater for vaporizing water placed in the chamber. An air exhaust valve is connected at the chamber and comprises a valve housing, a heat-expanding valve body of smaller cross-section than the housing, and a valve seat the position of which can be adjusted, these parts constituting an air/steam shut-off valve.

Abstract: Delayed coke especially manufactured for use in graphite can be effectively desulfurized by calcining in a hydrocarbon fuel-fired calciner in the temperature range of 2700.degree. F. to 2900.degree. F. without adversely affecting the strength of the coke or the coefficient of thermal expansion of the graphitized coke.

Abstract: An improved dust collecting system for a coke oven employs a bag filter dust collector as a common dust collector for both the coke discharge operation and the coal charging operation. First, the dust spouted out in the coke discharge operation and then successively and alternatingly, the dust spouted out in the coal charging operation and in the coke discharge operation are collected, whereby fine coal particles deposited out in the coal charging step are deposited on the layer of the fine coke particles firstly deposited out in the coke discharging operation. In addition, a combustion chamber is provided for burning the gases and dusts spouted off in the coal charging operation and a pre-dust wet-type collector is utilized therein for preliminary filtering before the same is fed to the common bag filter dust collector.

Abstract: A device for automatically detaching and/or loosening coke within a coke oven chamber, particularly such a chamber of the type having an inclined or obliquely extending floor, includes a track support adapted to be mounted at a position confronting the coke removal opening of the coke oven chamber. An elongated poking bar is supported by the track support and has at a first end thereof a stoking or broaching head for abutting or scraping coke within the chamber. A trolley is mounted on the track support for movement therealong, and the poking bar is pivoted to the trolley. A reversibly operable cable drive moves the trolley and thus the poking bar along the track support from an initial position whereat the poking bar is positioned outside of the chamber to an operative position wherein the broaching head of the poking bar is inserted into the chamber to abut against coke therein.

Abstract: In a coke oven of the type comprising an oven opening, an oven door for closing the oven opening, a knife-edge surrounding the oven door for forming a seal for preventing leakage of oven gas, there are provided a conduit arranged along the outside periphery of the oven opening and provided with a plurality of gas ejection nozzles, and means for supplying compressed gas to the conduit. The gas ejection nozzles are directed such that gas is blasted to the seal.

Abstract: A carbonaceous residue or char having novel properties is produced from particulate agricultural waste material, such as peanut shells, which upon heating exhibits an exothermic decomposition into an off gas component and a solid component in which the off gas component is more highly reactive to oxygen than is the solid component. By introducing air into the reaction zone whereat the decomposition is effected and controlling the amount of air so introduced such that not all of the off gas component may be oxidized, the preferential reaction of the air with the off gas component will protect the solid component from any significant oxidation while at the same time it will elevate the temperature in the reaction zone sufficiently to effect substantially complete decomposition of the material so that the recovered product is of very high carbon content. At the same time, a temperature gradient is established in the reaction zone which will allow some of the vapor component of the decomposition (i.e.

Abstract: A multilayer analytical element for the analysis of liquids, particularly small samples of biological liquids, having at least two layers including a reagent layer and a registration layer. The reagent layer contains an interactive composition including a nondiffusible material having a preformed detectable moiety, such composition being interactive in the presence of liquid containing an analyte of choice to provide a diffusible product comprising the preformed detectable moiety. The registration layer receives the diffusible product released from the reagent layer. The layers present in the analytical element are composed such that the detectable moiety released from the reagent layer or that remaining unreleased in the reagent layer can be selectively detected in the element.In one embodiment, there is disclosed an integral element which can include a support, preferably radiation-transmissive, on which a registration layer and a reagent layer are carried.

Abstract: A system for separating the mill starch fraction in a corn wet milling operation into a protein enriched stream and a starch enriched stream to obtain therefrom a protein-rich product and a starch-rich product. The system utilizes only hydrocyclones arranged in a plurality of separation stages that are divided into two separation zones. The mill starch is fed sequentially through the two separation zones under controlled conditions so as to obtain a protein-rich product from one separation zone and a starch-rich product from the other separation zone.

Abstract: Personal dosimeter, which provides great ease in immediately obtaining reading results, includes a plastic tube, open on the bottom, and containing near its top, a well through the bottom of which is inserted a piece of inert wick and a cover made of a soft plastic placed over the top of the tube. When the dosimeter is to be put into use, a predetermined amount of liquid reagent is injected into the well formed near the top, which reactant moves by capillary action into the inert wick where it adsorbs, absorbs or reacts with a toxic substance to be measured by the dosimeter. After the required time period for measuring exposure, the dosimeter is turned over, additional reactant placed in the tube from the bottom and mixed with the reactant therein, the reactant then being used to determine the concentration of the toxic substance.