Abstract: The control of the octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is achieved by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of (a) an oil-soluble iron compound and (b) carboxylic acids and/or certain derivatives thereof. In particular the esters of a tertiary alcohol and an unsubstituted, mono-carboxylic acid having at least two carbon atoms, e.g., t-butylacetate, in combination with dicyclopentadienyl iron provides an effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive for unleaded gasoline.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a slurry of finely divided particulate solids in a liquid, the method consisting essentially of dispersing from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the particulate solids, finely divided wood particles in the slurry, thereby improving the stability of the slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel compound comprising the reaction product of a benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride or a benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, in particular, 3,3'4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a polyol, and the use of this novel compound as a stabilizer for middle distillate fuels extended with non-petroleum distillates.

Abstract: Process for operating a furnace or a combustion engine which comprises burning in said furnace or said combustion engine a mixture of polycyclic, polycarboxylic acids obtained by oxidizing coal with aqueous nitric acid, separating from the resulting product an aqueous phase and a solid phase and then extracting the solid phase with a solvent to recover said mixture.

Abstract: Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a 4-morpholine ethanol nitrate.

Abstract: Improved gasolines contain, as a detergent additive, (alkyl polyoxyalkyl) amino alkanoic acids such as ##STR1##

Abstract: 1-hydroxyethyl-1-alkyl-2-imidazolines, bis-imidazolines and their derivatives impart good detergent properties to liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing a minor effective amount thereof.

Abstract: Motor fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range containing in combination a minor amount of a substituted asparagine containing the formula: ##STR1## in which R and R' each represent a secondary or tertiary alkyl or alkylene radical having from about 7 to about 20 carbon atoms and a minor amount of a carbonic acid ester having the formula:R'O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n OCO--(RO).sub.x --CO(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OR'in which R is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, x has a value from 1 to 4 and n has a value from 0 to 4.

Abstract: This invention relates to the hydrogenation of tetrahydropyrimidines to yield linear N-substituted diamines which can be reacted with carbonyls to form imines, which imines can be reduced to N,N'-substituted diamines as illustrated by N,N'-substituted 2,4-diamino-2-substituted pentanes. The products of this invention are useful as fuel additives.

Abstract: Low pour, low sulfur fuel oils are prepared by thermally cracking a high sulfur, high pour point atmospheric residuum and blending the product with a high wax, low sulfur, high pour point atmospheric residuum. The pour point may be lowered further by the addition of a pour point depressant.

Abstract: The product of the reaction of an amine, an olefin and sulfur trioxide, or sulfur trioxide complex, is an effective ashless antistatic agent for hydrocarbons. A small amount of the antistatic agent, when added to hydrocarbons, increases the conductivity of the hydrocarbon. The increased conductivity of the hydrocarbon conducts away any static charges that may be generated on the hydrocarbon and thus prevents the buildup of the static charges. The antistatic additive is represented by the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group of less than 24 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is hydrocarbon group with less than 18 carbons, or ammonia.

Abstract: Pour point depressants for hydrocarbonaceous fuels and oils are formed from a mixture of (1) the reaction product of an epoxidized alpha-olefin with a nitrogen-containing compound selected from ammonia, an amine, a polyamine or a hydroxyamine, and (2) an ethylene-olefin copolymer having a molecular weight in the range 1000 to 100,000.

Abstract: Middle distillate oils are improved with respect to flow and pour point by incorporating therein halogenated polymers comprised of ethylene and free radical polymerizable monomers containing polar groups. The halogenated ethylene-polar monomer copolymers are found to be more effective flow improvers and pour depressants than non-halogenated ethylene-polar monomer copolymers. Preferred polymeric additives include the ethylene-isobutyl acrylate copolymers and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing from about 5 to about 25 wt.% chlorine.

Abstract: An improved fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, a minor amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII metals and mixtures thereof capable of improving the octane number rating of the composition, a minor amount of at least one aliphatic alcohol containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms per molecule; and a minor amount of at least one organic peroxy component containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms per molecule wherein the compound and the combination of alcohol and peroxy component are present in mutually activating amounts to improve the octane number rating of the fuel composition.An improved method for fueling an internal combustion engine using the composition described above is also disclosed.

Abstract: Blends of Decalin with n-hexane, Tetralin with n-hexane and Tetralin with Decalin are useful as high density rocket ramjet and turbojet fuels under low temperature conditions.

Abstract: An energy-saving fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines which comprises as active ingredients a catalytic mixture of a major proportion of picric acid and a minor proportion of ferrous sulphate in a combination solvent of alkyl benzene, isopropyl alcohol, and water which optionally may include a minor amount of nitrobenzene. This additive is preferably atomized upon introduction to the engine and may also be added by bulk addition to the fuel container. A preferred solvent for atomized use is isopropyl alcohol, 60% by volume; water, 38% by volume; toluene, 2% by volume. For bulk addition one imperial gallon will contain:______________________________________ Maximum Range ______________________________________ Ferrous sulfate 0.2 g 0.1 - 0.2 g Trinitrophenol 3.5 g 3.5 - 7.0 g Nitrobenzene 0.16 g 0.1 - 2.0 g Toluene 3.37 kg 3.37 - 1.12 kg Isopropyl alcohol 1.12 kg 1.12 - 3.

Abstract: The prevention or substantial reversal of octane requirement increase in a spark-ignited, internal combustion engine is achieved by introducing, with the combustion intake charge, a fuel and/or lubricant composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a high surface area, solid acid catalyst having an average particle size in the range of about 0.01 to 10 microns and an average non-volatile surface acidity of about 1 or less, expressed as pKa value, said solid acid catalyst being essentially nonreactive with the fuel or lubricant prior to combustion and chemically and thermally stable under combustion conditions in the engine.

Abstract: The combination of an oil-soluble borated acylated nitrogen compound (e.g., borated polybutenylsuccinic anhydride reacted with polyamine) and solvent oil is usefully added to gasoline fuel for combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine exhibiting dieseling (also known as after-run or run-on) whereby said combustion results in alleviation of said dieseling.

Abstract: A process for extracting coal is provided which includes contracting coal with an admixture of water, an organic solvent, and carbon tetrachloride, and separating the organic solvent containing the coal extract. The coal extract is useful as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: A method of preparing a stabilized suspension of carbon in hydrocarbon fuel characterized by comminuting coal to form predetermined sized particles and coating the particles with at least a coating of an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms and thereafter admixing the alcohol coated particles with a liquid hydrocarbon to form the substantially uniform admixture for serving as a fuel. In a preferred embodiment, coal particles are first compacted and comminuted to the predetermined size range to form an abundance of platey, lenticular, irregular and angular particles for forming a stabilized suspensoid that exhibits the property of shear thinning so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than the at rest viscosity of the slurry of carbon in hydrocarbon. Also disclosed are specific details of the method and preferred embodiments, including the fuel composition, per se.