Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acids can be recovered from materials which contain them by releasing, if necessary, the carboxylic acids with sufficiently strong acids, esterifying the released acids and distilling off the esters. The esters can be advantageously directly hydrolyzed with aqueous ammonia solution to give the corresponding ammonium salts.

Abstract: New fluoroelastomers are described, comprising monomeric units deriving from a bis-olefin having general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, equal or different from each other, are H or alkyls C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 ; Z is an alkylene or cycloalkylene radical C.sub.1 -C.sub.18, linear or branched, optionally containing oxygen atoms, preferably at least partially fluorinated, or a (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene radical.Such products are endowed with improved processability, especially during calendering of the vulcanization mixture, along with superior mechanical and workability properties during extrusion and injection molding, with a very good mold release.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling the polymerization of acrylates using a catalyst which is selected from at least one of zinc, cadmium, or mercury halides in combination with free iodine to give acrylate polymers having narrow molecular weight distributions, via group transfer polymerization.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions having more than 18% by weight of a melt-processable bipolymer composed of units of tetrafluoroethylene and a fluoroalkyl perfluorovinyl ether and having a number-average particle size of at most 50 nm are suitable for coating porous substrates.

Abstract: Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) having high HFP content and end-of-melting temperature, T.sub.m (end), as low as 200.degree. C. are disclosed. Exceptional performance as a processing aid in polyolefins results from having T.sub.m (end) of the TFE/HFP copolymer close to the processing temperature of the polyolefin. These TFE/HFP copolymers are soluble in fluorinated cyclic solvents. Copolymer/solvent systems copolymer at significant concentrations in selected solvents are fluid and stable at room temperature.

Abstract: Aqueous microemulsions are described which are polymerized to produce a latex containing particles of organic polymer having recurring pendant perfluorinated organic side chains which have an average particle size of between 0.01 and 0.5 micrometers. The latex can be used to coat the surface of substrate structures, or to coat the pore walls of porous substrate structures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-phase polymerization process for making a water insoluble polymer. The process includes (1) providing a mixture comprising carbon dioxide and an aqueous phase, and containing a monomer and a polymerization initiator, and (2) polymerizing the monomer in the reaction mixture. The monomer may be a hydrocarbon or a fluorinated monomer. The polymerization initiator may be soluble in the aqueous phase, soluble in carbon dioxide, or insoluble in both the aqueous phase and carbon dioxide, such that the initiator forms a separate phase.The present invention also provides multi-phase polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the process of making water insoluble polymers.

Abstract: A method of flocculating coagulated and/or finely divided suspended matter in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system from 0.005 to 1 weight percent based on the dry weight of the coagulated and/or finely suspended matter of at least one water soluble cationic polymer selected from a water soluble cationic copolymer (I) composed of the polymerization reaction of an N-vinylamide with at least one cationic quaternary amine monomer.

Abstract: Radical (co)polymerization process of fluorinated olefinic monomers, optionally in association with one or more non-fluorinated olefins, in which the monomers are (co)polymerized in aqueous emulsion, in the presence of a hydrogenated chain transfer agent selected from hydrogen, aliphatic hydrocarbons and fluorohydrocarbons C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 and of a branched chain aliphatic alcohol C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 characterized by a ratio between the number of hydroxyl groups and the number of methyl groups lower than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: A large pore polyamide resin is useful for large peptide and protein (protide) synthesis. A method of preparing the same comprises mixing a dimethylacrylamide monomer with an unsaturated or alkenoyl amine monomer, a cross-linker and water, homogeneously emulsifying the aqueous mixture with an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifier, adjusting the pH of the aqueous mixture during polymerization to 6-8.5 to produce large pore resin beads, and isolating the beads. The beads may be used as a solid phase substrate for the synthesis of a polyamide/protide conjugate. The polyamide resin/protide conjugate may be used, without separation of the protide from the resin or subsequent purification, for immunizing mammals, including humans, against the protide, for affinity purifying immunological molecules binding to the protide, and for immunoassays.

Abstract: Cyclopentanes alkyl-substituted with one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyls are used as chain transfer agents in (co)polymerization reactions carried out, either in suspension or in aqueous emulsion, at low temperatures, comprised between -30.degree. and +30.degree. C., for preparing thermoplastic hydrogen-containing fluoropolymers , such as for instance ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, or homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidenefluoride. They are transfer agents having high efficiency, which are liquid and thus can be easily handled and dosed, non-toxic, yielding alkyl end groups of high thermal stability.

Abstract: A non-gelled copolymer is prepared from: I) at least one ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic monomer that is unsubstituted with reactive functionality and/or has hydroxyl functionality, II) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having one acid functional group; and III) an ethylenically unsaturated oligomeric monomer having a number average molecular weight of about 1500 to about 4000 and which is derived from a hydroxyl functional acid having a predominantly hydrocarbon chain of from about 10 to 19 carbon atoms. The amounts of the monomers based upon the total solid weight of reactants used to prepare the copolymer are: about 80 to about 95 for I; about 3 to about 6 percent for II; and about 2 to about 14 percent for III. The ungelled copolymer can be present with hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica in amounts of about 50 to about 90 for the copolymer and about 10 to about 50 all as percentages by weight based on the weight of the two components.

Abstract: A process for producing a perfluoro copolymer, which comprises subjecting a perfluoro monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond with a different polymerization ability at each terminal of the molecule and perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol to radical copolymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to new thermoprocessable copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene constituted by perfluoromethylvinylether (0.5-13% by weight), a fluorinated dioxole (0.05-3%) and tetrafluoroethylene (difference to 100%), particularly useful for coating electric cables by melt extrusion. It relates also to new perfluorodioxoles of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 perfluoroalkyl radical; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are, independently from each other, F or CF.sub.3 ; and their homopolymers and copolymers, in particular thermoprocessable copolymers as defined above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel amorphous tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene (TFE/HFP) copolymers, which are more random than previous amorphous TFE/HFP copolymers, as well as a novel high productivity continuous process for making these polymers. The polymers are particularly useful in the form of coatings, films and encapsulants.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing-copolymer composition comprises a novel terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (methylvinylether)-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and dialkali metal salt of bisphenol compound gives a vulcanization product having a low compression set.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of coating a substrate by applying thereon an aqueous coating composition containing an alkali-swellable complex hydrophobe associative thickener. When a blade coater is utilized to apply said composition, lower blade pressures are obtained allowing increased line speeds to be used without scratching the substrate.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of selected vinyl ethers catalyzed by yttrium or rare earth metal perfluoroalkylsulfonates. A preferred perfluoroalkylsulfonate anion is triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate). The resulting polymers are useful as tackifiers in adhesives as well as in other uses (e.g., plasticizers, viscosity modifiers).

Abstract: Object of the present invention is a process for preparing vinylidenefluoride (VDF) polymers which comprises polymerizing VDF, optionally in association with other fluorinated oiefins in an aqueous medium in the presence of a radical initiator and of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123) as chain transfer agent.A final product with very good colour characteristics (appearance), substantially devoid of discoloration effects at high temperatures, is so obtained.

Abstract: This invention provides a production process by which a polymer having a hydroxyl group at both terminals can be easily obtained with a cheap price and good efficiency from a wide field of vinyl-based monomers including polar ones. In this process, a polymerization reaction of a vinyl-based monomer (a) is performed by using hydrogen peroxide (b) and, on this occasion, either one or both of a hydrogen peroxide-decomposing accelerator (c) and an amphiphilic compound (d) are further used and any component other than the (a), (b), (c) and (d) is not substantially used.