Abstract: Carbonamides are prepared from carboxylic acids and ammonia in the presence of a catalytic amount of a hydrated oxide.Preferably a hydrated titanium-, zirconium- or tin oxide in an amount between 0.05 to 10% by weight is used. The hydrated oxide contains at least 4% of water.

Abstract: A simple single step process for preparing alkyl and substituted alkyl esters of amino acids is described. The products are bioactive compounds including compounds useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: Perfluorobutadiene and higher perfluoroalkadienes, with terminal double bonds, are obtained from .alpha.,.omega.-diiodoperfluoroalkanes by deiodofluorination realized by using an organometallic compound, in the presence either of an aprotic solvent belonging to the class of hydrocarbons, or of an aprotic polar solvent, with short reaction times.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons and other compounds are halogenated to halocarbon products by contact with a halocarbon in the presence of an acidic zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5. The process is particularly useful for the halogenation of methane to form chemicals of higher value.

Abstract: Novel 2-adamantanone oxime carbamate derivatives, including tricyclo[3.3.1.1.sup.3,7 ]decan-2-one O-[(cyclohexyl) aminocarbonyl]oxime, tricyclo[3.3.1.1.sup.3,7 ]decan-2-one O-[3-methoxy)aminocarbonyl] oxime, and tricyclo[3.3.1.1.sup.3,7)decan-2-one O-[(2-chlorophenyl)aminocarbonyl]oxime; useful as antifungal agents against E. floccosum.

Abstract: This invention relates to new novel sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen, alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms or alkoxymethyl wherein the alkoxy contains 1-3 carbon atoms;A' is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms;A and A' taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form cycloalkyl containing 3-4 carbon atoms;Y is --(CHR.sub.2).sub.n --R.sub.1, --CHR.sub.3 R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 ;R.sub.1 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl containing up to 7 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 12 carbon atoms;R.sub.5 is alkyl containing up to 11 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is H or alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each cycloalkyl containing 3-4 ring carbon atoms;n=0 or 1; andm=0 or 1;and food-acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: W are selected from the group consisting of:the groups R.sup.5 --CO-- and R.sup.5 --CS-- wherein: R.sup.5 is selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl, phenyl, substituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, substituted benzyl, substituted phenyl and the acetal, hemiacetal, oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives of the group R.sup.5 --CO--;the groups Y--CO-- and Y--CS-- wherein Y is selected from hydroxy, mercapto, alkylthio and the groups MO-- and MS-- wherein M is an organic or an inorganic cation;the groups R.sup.6 R.sup.7 NCO-- and R.sup.6 R.sup.7 NCS-- wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkanoyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, benzoyl, benzenesulfonyl, substituted benzoyl, substituted benzenesulfonyl, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: Described are the cycloalkyl esters of mercaptoalkanoic acids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2 represents mono C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or methyl; and N represents 0, 1 or 2 and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of foodstuffs.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene comprising allylic rearrangement of 2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene using a substantially anhydrous ferric chloride catalyst. Alternatively, 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene is prepared by dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane using a ferric chloride catalyst. Process schemes commencing with the preparation of the precursor 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane by reaction of ethylene with carbon tetrachloride are also disclosed.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are freed from small amounts of halogen and halide moieties by treatment with a phenyl or an alkyl phosphine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of monoperoxydicarboxylic acids and their alkali or alkaline earth metals by reacting the corresponding anhydride with hydrogen peroxide in an organic solvent which dissolves the corresponding peracid and in the presence of an anion exchanger.

Abstract: Reaction of a perfluorinated iodide with an olefin initiated by a sulfinate salt to prepare fluorinated iodide and diiodide monomers and surface active agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing p-chlorotoluene and/or m-chlorotoluene by ring-chlorination of toluene by using the following two pages (a) and (b) when further processing the toluene chlorination product composed of mixed isomers:(a) Isolation of p-chlorotoluene from a mixture of o-, m- and p-chlorotoluene by selective adsorption of p-chlorotoluene onto a mesoporous or macroporous zeolite and subsequent desorption of p-chlorotoluene(b) Treatment of an o-chlorotoluene-rich mixture of isomers with an isomerization catalyst.For the exclusive preparation of p-chlorotoluene first p-chlorotoluene is isolated and removed from the toluene chlorination product in stage (a). The remaining mixed isomers are then treated in stage (b) to increase their content of m- and p-isomers and then returned into stage (a).

Abstract: Olefins containing at least 7 carbon atoms are used to remove molecular chlorine form compositions comprising 1,2-dichloroethane and a contaminating amount of molecular chlorine.

Abstract: The invention is insecticidal diaminoguanidine hydrazone compounds which are also effective antifeeding agents for insects and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: Process for racemization of amino acids by use of a ketone and an organic acid such as acetic acid. In particular, a process for resolution of free .alpha.-amino acids with in situ racemization. The resolution of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycine with 3-bromocamphor-9-sulphonic acid with in situ racemization are specifically mentioned.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyether oligomers or block polymers, having a backbone with one or a plurality of perfluoropolyether segments each consisting essentially of (1) at least one perfluoroisopropyleneoxy unit, (2) a bis(perfluoromethyleneoxy-terminated) unit, and (3) a perfluoroethylidene unit terminating each segment, the backbone of the perfluoropolyether being terminated with COF and/or a functional or nonfunctional derivative thereof, said perfluoropolyethers being made by reacting a perfluoroaliphatic diacid fluoride with hexafluoropropylene epoxide to produce an acid fluoride-terminated perfluoropolyether adduct or oligomer which then can be photopolymerized to yield an acid fluoride-terminated perfluoropolyether block polymer. These oligomers and block polymers are useful as high temperature lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gaskets, adhesives and coatings as well as co-reactants wtih urethane in forming propellant binders.

Abstract: In a process for producing an azine compound which comprises reacting ammonia with a hypochlorite in an aqueous medium in the presence of a carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone at room temperature or a higher temperature and an atmospheric or higher pressure, the amounts of the carbonyl compound and ammonia being 2 to 5 moles and 5 to 35 moles, respectively, per mole of available chlorine of the hypochlorite; the improvement wherein(i) the reaction is carried out at a temperature of about 25.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C.,(ii) the reaction is carried out by using calcium hypochlorite as the hypochlorite and while feeding an aqueous solution of calcium hypochlorite having an available chlorine concentration of 5 to 20% by weight to the reaction system, and(iii) the reaction is carried out while controlling the rate of feeding the aqueous solution of calcium hypochlorite to the reaction system such that the amount of available chlorine is 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: Provided herein is a butanediol of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group containing 5-21 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group containing 5-21 carbon atoms and which contains 1-2 unsaturated bonds. The present invention also contemplates a method of preparing such compounds and the use of such compounds as an anti-tumor agent for treating tumors.

Abstract: In the ring chlorination of toluene, a particularly high proportion of p-chlorotoluene is obtained by using in addition to the customary Lewis acid catalysts as cocatalyst a chlorination product of 2,8-dimethylphenoxathiin which comprises in the main 1,3,7,9-tetrachloro-2,8-dimethylphenoxathiin of the formula ##STR1##