Abstract: Methods for providing at least one product stream, in particular hydrogen, by electrolysis by means of an electrolyzer having a multiplicity of electrolysis cells combined to form at least one framework; wherein electrolyte is discharged from the cells and separated into two phases. The electrolyte is collected upstream of a pump system. At least the functions of discharge and collection are carried out integrally together in a multifunctional collection container or in an integral method step, in particular by means of at least one multifunctional collection container with a regulatable filling level coupled to the cells. This extends the functionality and also provides an advantageous design construction. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding electrolysis device and to a corresponding multifunctional collection container.

Abstract: The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of this gas processing system.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrogen gas mixing device that includes a hydrogen generation part configured to generate a hydrogen gas; a mixing gas supply part configured to supply a mixing gas; a gas mixing part configured to mix the hydrogen gas and the mixing gas; a dilution gas supply part configured to supply a non-combustible dilution gas; and a valve circuit configured to, at an abnormality occurrence time, dilute the hydrogen gas with the dilution gas by connecting a first path for the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen generation part and a second path for the dilution gas supplied from the dilution gas supply part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical polishing of metal surfaces by means of repeating pulse sequences, wherein at least one anodic pulse is provided, the current intensity of which rises continuously in the time curve up to a specifiable value. The invention further relates to the use of said method for components produced in 3-D and to a system therefor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a work station for electrochemically machining a workpiece, having a number of recesses, including a base structure; a module which is fastened to the base structure and is configured to electrochemically machine the workpiece. A workpiece holder is fastened to the base structure. The workpiece holder is movable relative to the base structure along a feed axis which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the module. The module includes an electrode carrier arrangement, which is coupled to the module base body so the electrode carrier arrangement can be rotated together with the module base body about the axis of rotation of the module. The electrode carrier arrangement has a carrier frame and an electrode frame, where at least one electrode is detachably fastened to the electrode frame.

Abstract: A capacitor and a method of processing an anode metal foil are presented. The method includes electrochemically etching the metal foil to form a plurality of tunnels. Next, the etched metal foil is disposed within a widening solution to widen the plurality of tunnels. Exposed surfaces of the etched metal foil are then oxidized. The method includes removing a section of the etched metal foil, where the section of the etched metal foil includes exposed metal along an edge. The section of the etched metal foil is placed into a bath comprising water to form a hydration layer over the exposed metal on the section of the etched metal foil. The method also includes assembling the section of the etched metal foil having the hydration layer as an anode within a capacitor.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the color of phospholipid compositions comprising lecithin are disclosed. The phospholipid composition is exposed to ultraviolet light to reduce the color of the composition. The phospholipid composition may be diluted and/or heated prior to exposure to ultraviolet light to improve the flow properties of the composition. The phospholipid composition may be cooled and/or concentrated after color reduction.

Abstract: A method of applying energy to CBD oil is provided. The method may include obtaining CBD oil from a plant, combining the CBD oil with a carrier oil, heating the combination of the CBD oil and carrier oil, mixing the CBD oil and carrier oil, filtering the CBD oil and carrier oil to a size of less than 60 nanometers, and applying an energy field to the CBD oil and carrier oil through a laser effector such that an electron is promoted from a bonding or non-bonding orbital into an empty anti-bonding orbitals of the CBD molecule. The laser effector may be a pink sapphire cut into a 15 equal side faceted crystal, double-stacked in a 2.3 cm cylindrical chamber, or an opulence half dome bubble lens configured to refract the beam.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate rotator, a processing liquid supply, an anode and a cathode, and a controller. The substrate rotator is configured to hold and rotate a substrate. The processing liquid supply is configured to supply a processing liquid to the substrate held by the substrate rotator. The anode and the cathode are configured to apply a voltage to the processing liquid supplied from the processing liquid supply. The controller is configured to control the substrate rotator, the processing liquid supply, and the anode and the cathode. The controller allows, by contacting the anode and the cathode with the processing liquid independently, the processing liquid in contact with the anode and the processing liquid in contact with the cathode to be supplied to the substrate while being spaced apart from each other when the substrate is rotated.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to thin-walled carbon nanomaterial, such as thin-walled carbon nanotubes, and systems, methods and compositions for production thereof. The method for producing a thin walled carbon nanotube comprises heating a carbonate electrolyte to obtain a molten carbonate electrolyte; disposing the molten carbonate electrolyte between an anode and a cathode in a cell; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the cell; and, limiting a diameter of the carbon nanomaterial.

Abstract: Electrochemical processes and systems for preserving perishable food are described. The process and system allow for the preservation of perishable food in the presence of water moisture, melanin, or a precursor, derivative, analog, or variant of melanin, and electromagnetic energy, such as visible or invisible light energy. There exists a need in the art for improved methods and processes for preserving perishable foods that overcome certain disadvantages associated with known methods for preserving perishable food, such as addition of preservatives, refrigeration/freezing, drying/dehydration of food, and storage under vacuum. The invention satisfies this need by providing a process and system for preserving perishable food in the presence of water moisture, electromagnetic energy, and melanin, melanin precursors, melanin derivatives, melanin analogs, or melanin variants.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method of promoting a carbon-sulfur bond forming reaction. In certain embodiments, the reaction comprises cross-coupling of a(n) (hetero)aryl halide with a thiol to form the carbon-sulfur bond, wherein the method is promoted by light irradiation in the absence of a photocatalyst. In other embodiments, the cross-coupling reaction can be promoted through visible light irradiation, including sunlight.

Abstract: Various technologies are described herein pertaining to electrochemical etching of a semiconductor controlled by way of a laser that emits light with an energy below a bandgap energy of the semiconductor.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for separating a carbon isotope and a method for concentrating a carbon isotope using the same, the method for separating a carbon isotope including: cooling a formaldehyde gas to a temperature of from 190K to 250K; and obtaining a mixed gas and residual formaldehyde by photodissociating the cooled formaldehyde gas, the mixed gas including carbon dioxide containing a carbon isotope and hydrogen.

Abstract: Nickel electrodes having high mechanical stability and advantageous electrochemical properties, in particular, enhanced gas evolution in water electrolysis, are described. These electrodes comprising electrically conductive nickel wire mesh or a lattice-like nickel expanded metal webs, and a layer of mutually adherent nanoporous nickel particles applied only to either the nickel mesh wires or the nickel expanded metal webs, obtainable by partially reducing the spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere between 270 to 330° C. to obtain partially reduced, spherical Ni/NiO particles, producing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles, an organic and/or inorganic binder, a surfactant and, optionally, additional adjuvants, applying the paste as a coating to the electrically conductive nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal, and annealing the coated nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal in a reducing atmosphere at 500 to 800° C. A method for manufacturing the nickel electrode is also described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses mask maker machine for producing a mask of any desired shape. The mask maker machine comprises an emulsification box having an acidic chamber and an alkaline chamber to produce acidic and alkaline water with the help of electrolysis process. The user is able to select a desired pH scale via an input unit and once the desired pH is achieved the raw material is added in the corresponding alkaline or acidic chamber as per the requirement of the mask. The heating element heats the masking solution to a desired temperature for homogenous mixing of the masking solution. Further, the user can put any desired shape of mask mold on a base plate and the masking solution is poured in the mask mold through an outlet valve. Furthermore, the mask maker machine is able to produce the mask of variable pH as per the user skin.

Abstract: Provided herein, are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique ribs and welds configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis technique such that the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated, and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used a power source, and this object is realized by an alkaline water electrolysis method, in which an electrolytic solution obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing a hybrid cobalt hydroxide nanosheet (Co-NS) being a composite of a metal hydroxide and an organic substance is supplied to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber that form an electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic solution is used for electrolysis in each chamber in common, and an alkaline water electrolysis anode.

Abstract: A method of producing carbon-oxygen structures by the Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide Gas at low pressure, from 14.7 to 100 psi, using laser irradiation in the mid-infrared spectrum, from 2.3 to 3.3 microns.