Abstract: This steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, a microstructure contains, in terms of a volume fraction, ferrite: 10% to 75%, martensite: 20% to 90%, retained austenite: 0% to 5%, bainite and bainitic ferrite in total: 0% to 50%, and pearlite: 0% to 5%, a proportion of unrecrystallized ferrite in the ferrite is 0% to 25%, cementite that is contained in the martensite satisfies a predetermined relational expression, a density of transition carbide included in the martensite is 1.0×1013 pieces/m3 or more, a density of coarse inclusion having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 ?m or more is 0.50 pieces/mm2 or less, in a surface parallel to the surface at a position ¼ of the sheet thickness deep from the surface in the sheet thickness direction, a ratio of a maximum value Hvmax of Vickers hardness to a minimum value Hvmin of the Vickers hardness is 1.40 or less, and an average value of minimum distances between peaks of the Vickers hardness in a distribution map of the Vickers hardness is 1.

Abstract: Some variations provide a system for producing a functionalized powder, comprising: an agitated pressure vessel; first particles and second particles contained within the agitated pressure vessel; a fluid contained within the agitated pressure vessel; an exhaust line for releasing the fluid from the agitated pressure vessel; and a means for recovering a functionalized powder containing the second particles disposed onto surfaces of the first particles. A preferred fluid is carbon dioxide in liquefied or supercritical form. The carbon dioxide may be initially loaded into the pressure vessel as solid carbon dioxide. The pressure vessel may be batch or continuous and is operated under reaction conditions to functionalize the first particles with the second particles, thereby producing a functionalized powder, such as nanofunctionalized metal particles in which nanoparticles act as grain refiners for a component ultimately produced from the nanofunctionalized metal particles.

Abstract: In a method for producing a three-dimensional workpiece (12), a first raw material powder (50) is applied to a substrate (18) in order to produce a raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder (50). The raw material powder layer consisting of the first raw material powder (50) is selectively irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce a solidified first workpiece layer portion (52) from the first raw material powder (50). Non-solidified first raw material powder (50) is then removed from the substrate (18).

Abstract: A method for controlling carbide network in a bearing steel wire rod by controlling cooling and rolling, comprises the following steps: rapidly rolling a bar to a wire rod and spinning it into a loose coil, controlling the rolling temperature at 780° C.-880° C.; and the spinning temperature at 750° C.-850° C.; carrying out on-line controlling cooling of continuous loose coils using EDC water bath austempering cooling process, controlling the cooling rate at 2.0° C./s-10° C./s, and controlling the final cooling temperature within 620-630° C.; after EDC water bath austempering cooling, using slow cooling under a cover, and the temperature is controlled to be 400° C.-500° C. when being removed out of the cover; after slow cooling, collecting coils, and cooling in air to the room temperature.

Abstract: The disclosure is intended to provide a martensitic stainless steel seamless pipe for oil country tubular goods having high strength and excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance and a method for manufacturing thereof. The martensitic stainless steel seamless pipe for oil country tubular goods has a composition that contains, in mass %, C: 0.0100% or more, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.25 to 0.50%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ni: 4.6 to 8.0%, Cr: 10.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 1.0 to 2.7%, Al: 0.1% or less, V: 0.005 to 0.2%, N: 0.1% or less, Ti: 0.06 to 0.25%, Cu: 0.01 to 1.0%, and Co: 0.01 to 1.0%, in which C, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, W, Nb, N, and Ti satisfy predetermined relations, and the balance is Fe and incidental impurities. The martensitic stainless steel seamless pipe has a yield stress of 758 MPa or more.

Abstract: This aluminum-plated steel sheet has a steel sheet and a plating layer formed on a surface of the steel sheet, the plating layer contains one or more A group elements selected from a group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, a remainder of Al, Fe, and impurities, a thickness t of the plating layer is 10 to 60 ?m, and an average grain size is 2t/3 or less and 15 ?m or less in a thickness range from an outermost surface of the plating layer to a ? thickness t position.

Abstract: A high-strength surface-coated steel sheet includes a base steel sheet having a composition by mass of C: 0.01 to 0.20%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.10 to 2.50%, P: 0.005 to 0.050%, B: 0.0005 to 0.010%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.20%, Nb: 0 to 0.10%, Mo: 0 to 0.50%, Cr: 0 to 0.50%, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and a Zn—Al—Mg-based coating layer disposed on a surface of the base steel sheet, The steel sheet has a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet of 0.30 ppm or less and having a time until occurrence of red rust of 7000 hours or more as measured by a salt spray test. The high-strength hot-dip Zn—Al—Mg-based-plated steel sheet has a significantly lowered in-steel concentration of hydrogen which has entered the steel in a plating line and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Provided is a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and structure wherein (Fe, Mn)2B precipitates having a circle equivalent diameter of 50 to 300 nm are present in a number density of 1/500 ?m2 or more in a surface layer region down to a depth of 100 ?m from the surface in the sheet thickness direction. Further, provided is a method for producing a steel sheet comprising continuously casting a molten steel having a predetermined chemical composition to form a steel slab, wherein the continuously casting includes introducing more than 10 ppm and less than 100 ppm of oxygen into the surface layer of the steel slab, hot rolling including finish rolling the steel slab, wherein a completion temperature of the finish rolling is 650 to 950° C., coiling the obtained hot rolled steel sheet at a coiling temperature of 400 to 700° C., and cold rolling the hot rolled steel sheet, then annealing it.

Abstract: A steel sheet includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %: C: 0.0015% to 0.0400%; Mn: 0.20% to 1.50%; P: 0.010% to 0.100%; Cr: 0.001% to 0.500%; Si: 0.200% or less; S: 0.020% or less; sol. Al: 0.200% or less; N: 0.0150% or less; Mo: 0% to 0.500%; B: 0% to 0.0100%; Nb: 0% to 0.200%; Ti: 0% to 0.200%; Ni: 0% to 0.200%; Cu: 0% to 0.100%; and a remainder including iron and impurities, in which a metallographic structure in a surface layer region includes ferrite having a volume fraction of 90% or more, and in the surface layer region, an average grain size of the ferrite is 1.0 ?m to 15.0 ?m, and a texture in which an XODF{001}/{111}, S as a ratio of an intensity of {001} orientation to an intensity of {111} orientation in the ferrite is 0.30 or more and less than 3.50 is included.

Abstract: In the austenitic stainless steel material of the present disclosure, the chemical composition consists of, by mass %, C: 0.100% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 5.00% or less, Cr: 15.00 to 22.00%, Ni: 10.00 to 21.00%, Mo: 1.20 to 4.50%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.100% or less, N: 0.100% or less, and Cu: 0 to 0.70%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and an austenite grain size No. determined in accordance with ASTM E112 is from 5.0 to less than 8.0, and in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the austenitic stainless steel material, the dislocation cell structure ratio is from 50 to less than 80%, and the number density of precipitates with a long axis of 1.0 ?m or more is 5.0 per 0.2 mm2 or less.

Abstract: A coating liquid for forming an insulation coating for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets, which contains boric acid and hydrated silicate particles containing aluminum, and a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising applying the coating liquid to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after final annealing, and then performing a baking treatment.

Abstract: A fluid flow apparatus configured to provide a flow of fluid with particular flow profiles to a process chamber of an additive manufacturing apparatus is provided. The fluid flow apparatus includes a plurality of openings forming a first flow region, a second flow region, a third flow region, and a fourth flow region in adjacent arrangement along an axis in the process chamber between the build platform and the laser window. A controller is configured to execute instructions that perform operations that include flowing, via the second flow region, the flow of fluid along a second distance along the axis at a second velocity range between approximately 1.0 meters per second (m/s) and 6.0 m/s, and flowing, via the fourth flow region, another flow of fluid along a fourth distance along the axis at a fourth velocity range between approximately 0.1 m/s and 4.5 m/s.

Abstract: A method for producing a grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes a decarburization annealing process where an oxidation degree PH2O/PH2 is controlled, an annealing separator applying process where a mass ratio of MgO and MCl in an annealing separator is controlled, a final annealing process where an oxidation degree is controlled when atmosphere includes hydrogen or a dew point is controlled when atmosphere consists of inert gas without hydrogen, and an insulation coating forming process where a baking temperature and a heat treatment temperature are controlled.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has a predetermined chemical composition, in which, when a height profile of a surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet is measured in each of five measurement ranges in a rolling direction and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, a distance in a height direction from an average height position which is an average of a height position of a point having a highest height position and a height position of a recessed part which is a point having a lowest height position to the recessed part is indicated as R1 (?m) in each of the height profiles, and an average of heights of two measurement points away from the recessed part in the rolling direction or the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction by 5 ?m is indicated as R2 (?m), an average value of radii of curvature r represented by Expression (1) is 10 ?m or more, and a tensile strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet is 500 MPa or more. r=(25+|R2?R1|2)/2|R2?R1| . . .

Abstract: An electric resistance welded steel pipe for manufacturing a hollow stabilizer has a Lankford value in a pipe longitudinal direction of from 0.7 to less than 1.0. The electric resistance welded steel pipe is subjected to cold bending and then to a heat treatment including quenching and tempering to manufacture a stabilizer. The cold bending is cold rotary draw bending. When bent with a bend radius of from 1.0 times to 3.0 times an outer diameter of the pipe before cold bending, a flattening ratio is from 0% to 10%, a thickness reduction rate on a bending outside and a thickness increase rate on a bending inside are from 0% to 10%, and additionally, a circumferential length change of a bending center portion is from 0% to 10%. A Vickers hardness of the stabilizer after the heat treatment is adjusted to from 400 HV to less than 580 HV.

Abstract: The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which does not have an inorganic coating containing forsterite as a main component, including a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical component, a silicon-containing oxide layer provided on the base steel sheet, an iron-based oxide layer provided on the silicon-containing oxide layer, and a tension-insulation coating provided on the iron-based oxide layer, having a thickness of 1 to 3 ?m, and containing phosphate and colloidal silica as main components. When elemental analysis is performed from a surface of the tension-insulation coating in a sheet thickness direction by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, predetermined requirements are satisfied.

Abstract: A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet having a composition including elements, expressed in percentage by weight 0.11%?Carbon?0.15%, 1.1%?Manganese?1.8%, 0.5%?Silicon?0.9%, 0.002%?Phosphorus?0.02%, 0%?Sulfur?0.003%, 0%?Aluminum?0.05%, 0%?Nitrogen?0.007%, and can contain one or more of optional elements 0.05%?Chromium?1%, 0.001%?Molybdenum?0.5%, 0.001%?Niobium?0.1%, 0.001%?Titanium?0.1%, 0.01%?Copper?2%, 0.01%?Nickel?3%, 0.0001%?Calcium?0.005%, 0%?Vanadium?0.1%, 0%?Boron?0.003%, 0%?Cerium?0.1%, 0%?Magnesium?0.010%, 0%?Zirconium?0.010% the remainder being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities, the microstructure of said steel sheet comprising, 50 to 80% Ferrite, 10 to 30% Bainite, 1 to 10% Residual Austenite, and 1% to 5% Martensite, wherein the cumulated amounts of Bainite and Residual Austenite is more than or equal to 25%.

Abstract: A die apparatus including a first die element, a plurality of second die elements, a plurality of actuators, and a controller is provided. Each of the plurality of actuators is mounted to one of the plurality of second die elements. The controller is programmed to activate the actuators to contact and compress portions of a blank disposed between the die elements at separate pressures to influence microstructure forming for one of a geometry transition region, a deformation region, and a joining region. One of the separate pressures applied to one of the portions of the blank may be approximately 5 N/mm2 or less to form a soft strength zone. The pressure of approximately 5 N/mm2 or less may be applied to the one of the portions of the blank for approximately one to two seconds.

Abstract: Raw material powder containing iron powder, copper powder, and tin powder is compressed to form a green compact. The green compact is sintered in a temperature range of from 750 to 900° C., to bond iron structures to each other with copper and tin.

Abstract: Provided is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having such a low Al concentration so that it is excellent in terms of the recycling efficiency of scrap iron and having a high magnetic flux density and low iron loss. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has a chemical composition containing C; 0.0050 mass % or less, Si; 1.5 mass % to 5.0 mass %, Mn; 0.2 mass % to 3.0 mass %, sol.Al; 0.0030 mass % or less, P; 0.2 mass % or less, S; 0.0050 mass % or less, N; 0.0040 mass % or less, T.Ca; 0.0010 mass % to 0.0080 mass %, T.O; 0.0100 mass % or less, REM; 0.0001 mass % to 0.0050 mass %, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which a value of a mass-related fractional expression ((T.Ca+REM)/(T.O+S)), which is a relational expression for the masses of the four constituents described above, that is, T.Ca, REM, T.O, and S, is 0.4 or more.