Abstract: A circuit for reverse battery protection includes an isolation circuit and a control circuit. The isolation is circuit coupled between a gate output of an electronic fuse (E-fuse) and at least one external metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). The E-fuse is coupled between a battery voltage pin and an external ground pin and further coupled to a microcontroller. The isolation circuit is configured to disconnect the gate output from the at least one external MOSFET when the battery is installed with reverse polarity. The control circuit is coupled between the external ground pin and the at least one external MOSFET. The control circuit is configured to turn on the at least one external MOSFET when the battery is installed with the reverse polarity.

Abstract: An electrical power network employing fault location, isolation and system restoration. The system includes a plurality of switching devices electrically coupled along a power line downstream of a fault interrupting device. The switching devices each have current and voltage sensing capability and the capability to provide pulse tests for detecting fault presence. The fault interrupting device performs reclosing operations, and when the plurality of switching devices detect fault presence a predetermined number of times in coordination with reclosing operations performed by the fault interrupting device and detect loss of voltage, each switching device opens. The fault interrupting device closes when the switching devices open, and the switching devices sequentially pulse test and close from a furthest upstream switching device when detecting return of voltage and no fault presence until a switching device closest to the fault pulse tests and detects fault presence and locks open.

Abstract: A fault protection system is configured to detect a fault in an electric power system. The fault protection system obtains a differential measurement signal. The differential measurement signal may, for example, indicate, as a function of time, the difference between currents or voltages measured at two or more terminals or boundaries of a fault protection zone of the electric power system. Regardless, the fault protection system generates a fault detection signal by cross-correlating the differential measurement signal with a reference signal. The reference signal may for instance be the differential measurement signal that is expected upon occurrence of a fault. The fault protection system performs fault detection, for detecting a fault internal to the fault protection zone, as a function of the fault detection signal.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods related to electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in radio frequency (RF) switch circuitry are provided. An electrostatic discharge (ESD)-protected radio frequency (RF) switch circuitry includes a common port; at least one terminal port; a switch circuitry coupled between the common port and the at least one terminal port, wherein the switch circuitry comprises one or more transistors connected in a stacked configuration; and a first ESD protection circuitry coupled between a gate of a first transistor of the one or more transistors and a driver circuitry for the first transistor.

Abstract: A substrate holding method includes loading a first substrate into a first chamber and placing the first substrate on an electrostatic chuck disposed in the first chamber; applying a first voltage to an electrostatic electrode of the electrostatic chuck to attract the first substrate to the electrostatic chuck; unloading the electrostatic chuck from the first chamber; grinding a front surface of the electrostatic chuck; disposing the electrostatic chuck in a second chamber; placing the second substrate on the electrostatic chuck disposed in the second chamber; applying a second voltage smaller than the first voltage to the electrostatic electrode to attract the second substrate to the electrostatic chuck; and before the attracting of the second substrate, calculating a value of the second voltage by using a value of the first voltage and a value of a thickness of a dielectric of the electrostatic chuck disposed in the second chamber.

Abstract: A differential ESD circuit is provided for protecting a pair of differential terminals of an integrated circuit from electrostatic shock. A first diode couples between a first terminal in the pair of differential terminals and a first resistor that couples to a voltage node of the integrated circuit. Similarly, a second diode couples between a second terminal in the pair of differential terminals and a second resistor that couples to the voltage node of the integrated circuit. The first and second resistors isolate the first and second terminals from a capacitive loading that would otherwise exist from the first and second diodes.

Abstract: A circuit protection device is provided. The circuit protection device includes an active energy absorber that is coupled between two power lines in an electrical power distribution system and is configured to selectively conduct fault current responsive to overvoltage conditions. The active energy absorber includes an overvoltage protection module that includes two thyristors that are connected in anti-parallel with one another and a varistor that is connected with the overvoltage protection module as a series circuit. The series circuit including the varistor and the overvoltage protection module is connected between the power lines.

Abstract: A system includes a first circuit breaker comprising a first solid state switch, first mechanical contacts, and a current sensor structured to sense current flowing through the first circuit breaker, and a second circuit breaker electrically coupled to the first circuit breaker and being structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker, wherein the first circuit breaker is structured to transmit, to the second circuit breaker, a request upon detecting a failure mode, and wherein the second circuit breaker is structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker in response to receiving the request, and the first circuit breaker is further structured to open the first mechanical contacts when the current flowing through the first circuit breaker drops to a predetermined level.

Abstract: An electrical network includes feed-in devices, loads, and a distribution grid, which is arranged therebetween and comprises at least one busbar and at least one device for opening or closing a DC circuit. The at least one device includes: an electric switch for opening or closing the DC circuit; a fault current detection device; a trigger unit; a precharging device; and a control unit for automatically closing the electric switch after the precharging process. The electric switch opens the DC circuit via the trigger unit if a fault current is detected by the fault current detector, and the precharging device restores the voltage on the busbar prior to closing the electric switch. Multiple loads can be individually electrically separated via a respective electromechanical switch, and multiple loads can be electrically separated as a group via the at least one device.

Abstract: Disclosed according to embodiments are a motor control device and a fault diagnosis method using the same. The motor control device includes a first reception circuit which receives a first input signal through a first signal line, a second reception circuit which receives a second input signal through a second signal line, a sensing circuit which is connected to the first signal line and the second signal line and outputs a state output value which varies according to whether the second signal line is opened, and a micro control unit (MCU) which receives the state output value output from the sensing circuit and determines whether the second signal line is opened using the received state output value.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive ball mounting method using an electrostatic chuck. According to the conductive ball mounting method using an electrostatic chuck, when the process of mounting conductive balls onto a substrate through mounting grooves formed in the mask is performed, the occurrence of process defects can be prevented and conductive balls having very small sizes can be effectively mounted on the substrate. According to the conductive ball mounting method using the electrostatic chuck of the disclosure, the process of mounting conductive balls can be performed with high quality by preventing deformation of the mask without missing of some of the conductive balls. According to the conductive ball mounting method using the electrostatic chuck of the disclosure, the process of mounting small sizes of conductive balls on the substrate can be effectively performed.

Abstract: An ion generator includes a circuit board through which a high voltage flows; a high-voltage electrode to which a high voltage is applied through contact with the circuit; a ground electrode grounded through contact with the circuit and spaced apart from the high-voltage electrode; and a holder kit in which a first insertion groove, into which the high-voltage electrode is inserted, and a second insertion groove, which is spaced apart from the first insertion groove and into which the ground electrode is inserted, are formed in the vertical direction, and thus a stable uniform electric field can be continuously formed through the integration of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode by using the holder kit, so that the lifespan of an electrode can be improved and the occurrence of discharge noise can be suppressed.

Abstract: A protection apparatus includes an interface, a protection switch, a direct current bus, and a controller. The apparatus is connected to at least two photovoltaic units via the interface, the at least two photovoltaic units are coupled to the direct current bus inside the apparatus to form at least two branches, and each branch is connected to at least one photovoltaic unit. The protection switch is configured to disconnect all or some of the photovoltaic units from the direct current bus, to enable a maximum of three photovoltaic units to be directly connected in parallel. According to the apparatus, a photovoltaic unit and a line are protected with a low power loss when a photovoltaic power generation system is faulty.

Abstract: A LCDI power cord circuit is provided. The circuit includes energizing shielded wires and monitoring the energized shields for surges, e.g., arcing, and/or voltage drops, e.g., shield breaks detected by a Power Cord Fault Circuit (PCFC). In addition to shield breaks the PCFC also monitors the energized shields for shield degradation due to, for example, galvanic corrosion.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for protection against the effects of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A system for protecting against an EMP may include an electronic device, a conductive element, and a connector apparatus coupleable between the electronic device and the conductive element. The conductive element may include a housing having a first end and a second end, the first end coupleable to the electronic device and the second end coupleable to the conductive element, a signal wire extending at least partially through the housing which conveys at least one signal between the first end and the second end, a grounding wire coupleable to the signal wire, and at least one suppression element coupleable to at least one of the signal wire and the grounding wire. A casing may receive at least a portion of the electronic device.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to connection modules for luminaires. One example connection module for a luminaire with a light module includes a support. The connection module also includes a surge protection circuitry arranged on the support. Additionally, the connection module includes a first and second supply terminal for connection to a power supply. The first and second supply terminal are connected to the surge protection circuitry. Further, the connection module includes a first and second load terminal for connection to a drive means of the light module. The first and second load terminal are connected to the surge protection circuitry. In addition, the connection module includes at least a first and second control terminal. A connection line for electrically connecting the first and second control terminals is arranged on the support.

Abstract: Provided is a protection circuit capable of reliably preventing an overcurrent or a sneak current after cutoff to improve safety, implementing cost reduction with a device configuration simpler than conventional device configurations, and further reducing a failure rate of a device. In a protection circuit, after one of two fuse elements provided in each of a plurality of protection elements is blown due to an overcurrent flowing along a current-carrying path, a heater provided in at least one of the plurality of protection elements generates heat due to a sneak current flowing via the plurality of protection elements on the current-carrying path which is remained and blows the other of the two fuse elements provided in the at least one of the plurality of protection elements.

Abstract: A method of controlling an actuator for a low power system, such as an irrigation system, where the actuator comprises a movable element and an electromagnetic coil for generating a magnetic field for displacing the movable element along the axis of the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: A high-voltage protection module for a metrology device includes a metal-oxide varistor (MOV) coupled across a mains power line, a resistor electrically coupled to the MOV in series with the MOV, and a fuse electrically coupled to the MOV and the resistor in series, the resistor being located between the fuse and the MOV. The fuse opens upon an overvoltage event disengaging alternating current (AC) power from the mains power line to the metrology device.

Abstract: An electrical safety device is described which includes a socket arranged to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance to connect a current supply to the electrical appliance, a thermal sensor arranged to detect the surface temperature of an electrical plug when received in the socket and a processor in communication with the thermal sensor, the processor configured to determine when the sensed surface temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. The invention also includes an electrical safety system comprising the electrical safety device configured to communicate with a remote device. The device and system provide early detection of electrical faults and hazards to reduce the risk of fires.