Abstract: Provided is a protection circuit capable of reliably preventing an overcurrent or a sneak current after cutoff to improve safety, implementing cost reduction with a device configuration simpler than conventional device configurations, and further reducing a failure rate of a device. In a protection circuit, after one of two fuse elements provided in each of a plurality of protection elements is blown due to an overcurrent flowing along a current-carrying path, a heater provided in at least one of the plurality of protection elements generates heat due to a sneak current flowing via the plurality of protection elements on the current-carrying path which is remained and blows the other of the two fuse elements provided in the at least one of the plurality of protection elements.

Abstract: A method of controlling an actuator for a low power system, such as an irrigation system, where the actuator comprises a movable element and an electromagnetic coil for generating a magnetic field for displacing the movable element along the axis of the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: A high-voltage protection module for a metrology device includes a metal-oxide varistor (MOV) coupled across a mains power line, a resistor electrically coupled to the MOV in series with the MOV, and a fuse electrically coupled to the MOV and the resistor in series, the resistor being located between the fuse and the MOV. The fuse opens upon an overvoltage event disengaging alternating current (AC) power from the mains power line to the metrology device.

Abstract: An electrical safety device is described which includes a socket arranged to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance to connect a current supply to the electrical appliance, a thermal sensor arranged to detect the surface temperature of an electrical plug when received in the socket and a processor in communication with the thermal sensor, the processor configured to determine when the sensed surface temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. The invention also includes an electrical safety system comprising the electrical safety device configured to communicate with a remote device. The device and system provide early detection of electrical faults and hazards to reduce the risk of fires.

Abstract: A grounding system includes a first circuit portion and a second circuit portion. The first circuit portion is connected to an input voltage bus and has a terminal being a first ground. The second circuit portion is connected between the first ground and a second ground, and includes a switch branch and a resistor branch. When the positive terminal of a power supply is connected to the input voltage bus and the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the second ground, the switch branch establishes a first current path between the first ground and the second ground and shorts a first diode in the switch branch. When the positive terminal is connected to the second ground and the negative terminal is connected to the input voltage bus, the switch branch disconnects the first current path and stops shorting the first diode.

Abstract: An anti-fuse having two electrical connections is constructed by adding at least one zener diode and resistor to a power MOSFET. When the voltage across the two electrical connections exceeds the zener diode voltage and the maximum gate voltage of the MOSFET, the MOSFET burns out. This shorts out the device which can be used to bypass an LED or other load when that load burns out and forms an open circuit.

Abstract: A switching arrangement of an inverter with a filter circuit and a grid relay. For the filter circuit use is made of an equivalent circuit consisting of effective filter inductance, from filter inductance and topology of the filter circuit and effective filter capacitance, from the filter capacitance and topology of the filter circuit. The effective filter inductance and the effective filter capacitance are system parameters. To determine system parameters, a voltage pulse is applied between a first conductor output and a second conductor output when the grid relay is open; the first conductor output and the second conductor output are connected via the switching arrangement to form a closed oscillating circuit a current value of the effective filter inductance and the effective filter capacitance is determined from a current curve and/or voltage curve in the resonant circuit as system parameters for controlling the switching arrangement.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a control device and method for a contactor. The control device comprises a first high-side control unit, a second high-side control unit, a first low-side control unit and a second low-side control unit. The first high-side control unit and the second high-side control unit respectively connect a first magnetic unit and a second magnetic unit of the contactor to a power supply. The first low-side control unit is connected between the first magnetic unit and a reference voltage node, and the second low-side control unit is connected between the second magnetic unit and the reference voltage node. The control device further comprises a freewheel unit connected to the first magnetic unit and the second magnetic unit. The control device further comprises a controller.

Abstract: A monitoring system for monitoring a supply voltage for an electronic component is described, comprising a voltage monitoring unit, which is configured to monitor a voltage level assigned to a supply voltage applied to the electronic component, and a switching unit which is configured to switch the electronic component on and/or off. The switching unit is coupled with the voltage monitoring unit. The switching unit is furthermore configured to switch off the electronic component if the voltage monitoring unit determines that the voltage level is below a predetermined threshold value. A mains monitoring circuit is furthermore described.

Abstract: A busbar adapter including a housing being adapted to be attached to a busbar, a printed circuit board, and at least one electric current sensor electrically connected with the printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board and the at least one electric current sensor are arranged inside the housing, wherein the housing comprises an upper housing part being adapted for the attachment of one or more devices to be connected through the busbar adapter to a busbar and a lower housing part being adapted for holding the printed circuit board and the at least one electric current sensor, and wherein the lower housing part comprises a first part being adapted for holding the printed circuit board and the at least one electric current sensor and a second part being adapted to be attached to the busbar.

Abstract: A protection apparatus for operating an electric machine at a converter comprises a first and second conductor of a DC link, a switching device having a first and second switch, a link capacitor, a load resistor as a precharge and braking resistor, a semiconductor switch and an electrical fuse for protecting the load resistor. The electrical fuse and the first switch are connected in series to the first conductor and to a first resistor connection of the load resistor and to a first power connection of the semiconductor switch. The second switch is connected to the electrical conductor and to a first capacitor connection of the link capacitor and to a second resistor connection of the load resistor. The semiconductor switch is connected by a second power connection to the second conductor and the link capacitor is connected by a second capacitor connection to the second conductor.

Abstract: A circuit breaker for protecting against a short circuit and over current. The circuit breaker includes a current sensing circuit configured to determine an input voltage. The circuit breaker also includes a control circuit configured to set a threshold voltage. The circuit breaker further includes a comparison circuit configured to compare the input voltage to the threshold voltage. The circuit breaker, in addition, includes a voltage output circuit configured to output an output voltage based on the comparison circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a switch protection circuit and a power converter, configured to set upper and lower limit-value current signals which can be adjusted along with an input voltage, so that instantaneous power of a main power switch can be prevented from being too high, and the main power switch can always be operated within a safe operating range, thereby solving the problem that the power converter is easy to be damaged in applications under a high-current circumstance.

Abstract: An electrical circuit protection device a processor-based controller configured to operate at least one solid state switching element in a manner responsive to a variety of different time-current conditions to protect a plurality of different electrical loads. A field deployable adaptor device is configured to communicate with the controller. The controller is configured with at least one pre-preprogrammed control algorithm or at least one selected setting for a control algorithm executable by the controller. At least one pre-preprogrammed control algorithm or at least one selected setting are predetermined by a manufacturer of the circuit protector device.

Abstract: A protection circuit 100 of an energy storage apparatus 20 equipped with external terminals 58A, 58B, the protection circuit 100 being equipped with a reflux circuit 110 connected in parallel to a load 12 connected between the external terminals, and also equipped with a switching circuit 120, wherein: the reflux circuit 110 is equipped with a reflux element 111 which causes an induced current produced when the current to the load 12 is blocked to return to the load 12, and a semiconductor switch 115 which is connected in series to the reflux element 111; and the switching circuit 120 switches the semiconductor switch 115 from conducting to blocking after a delay of a prescribed interval from when a reverse voltage is applied to the external terminals 58A, 58B.

Abstract: A DC voltage switching device for coupling a DC voltage load via a positive and a negative conductor to a DC voltage source, wherein the positive and negative conductors are routed through the DC voltage switching device. The DC voltage switching device comprises a first switching element for coupling and decoupling the DC voltage load, which is a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable switching element integrated in the positive or negative conductor; a fuse integrated in the respective other conductor; a sensor, at least for detecting the current flow of the conductor in which the first switching element is integrated: and an evaluation device connected to the sensor and the first switching element, which is set up to compare the detected current flow with respect to a threshold value and to trigger the first switching element in order to disconnect the DC voltage load when the threshold value is passed.

Abstract: A circuit breaker and method of operation. The circuit breaker includes a first current path including a mechanical switch, such as an ultrafast mechanical switch, and a second current path in parallel connection to the first current path, and including a current injector, such as a transient commutation current injection circuit, in series with bidirectional power electronic switch. A short circuit fault current from a mechanical switch path is communicated to the electronic path via a current injection, followed by interrupting the fault current. A pulse current is generated to the electronic switch in the second current path, and the mechanical switch is opened during the pulse current. The pulse current and the electronic switch reduce or eliminate arcing upon the opening the mechanical switch.

Abstract: An electrical safety device is described which includes a socket arranged to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance to connect a current supply to the electrical appliance, a thermal sensor arranged to detect the surface temperature of an electrical plug when received in the socket and a processor in communication with the thermal sensor, the processor configured to determine when the sensed surface temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold. The invention also includes an electrical safety system comprising the electrical safety device configured to communicate with a remote device. The device and system provide early detection of electrical faults and hazards to reduce the risk of fires.

Abstract: An electrical plug provides protection against electrical surges with a replaceable surge protector cartridge that is readily removable and replaceable along an exterior of the plug. Surge protector circuitry in the cartridge can absorb an electrical surge received at the plug from an electrical mains source, and the electrical plug can maintain electrical continuity from plug prongs to an electrical cord both before and after the surge protector has absorbed an electrical surge.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a voltage divider connected in parallel to an outer terminal, and configured to output a divided voltage; a controller configured to output an overvoltage determination signal based on the divided voltage that is input thereto; a logic portion configured to output a switching control signal based on the overvoltage determination signal and the divided voltage that are input thereto; and a switching portion configured to control a connection between a battery module and the outer terminal according to the switching control signal.