Abstract: One exemplary illustration of a valve system for controlling the charge exchange in an internal combustion engine may include a valve seat ring and a valve. The valve may have a valve seat configured to form a sealing system with the valve seat ring. The entire valve is nitrocarburized, and a nitrocarburized surface layer is formed on the valve. The nitrocarburized surface layer is produced by a nitrocarburizing method in a salt bath.

Abstract: A cylinder (2) for a combustion engine has a cylinder bore (42) and a cylinder wall (43). At least one channel is formed in the cylinder wall (43). At least one cover (19), which at least partially closes the channel on the side facing away from the cylinder bore (42), is arranged on the cylinder (2). A very precise channel geometry which can be easily manufactured is achieved in that a first stop (25) is formed in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder between the cylinder (2) and the cover (19) and a second stop (33) is formed in the tangential direction with respect to the cylinder bore (42), with the cover (19) resting on the cylinder (2) at the first stop (25) and at the second stop (33).

Abstract: An apparatus including a reciprocating internal combustion engine with at least one piston and cylinder set and an intake stream; at least one liquid atomizer in fluid communication with the intake stream operable to provide a plurality of liquid droplets with a diameter less than 5 ?m to the intake stream; and a controller where the controller is able to adjust an index of compression for the engine by: calculating a wet compression level in response to an engine operating limit and adjusting the at least one liquid atomizer in response to the wet compression level.

Abstract: An intake manifold (2) of comburent air is provided for an internal combustion engine (1) with a recirculating conduit (60) of exhaust gases. The intake manifold (2) includes a first inlet mouth (213) of the comburent air, a second inlet mouth (214) in communication with the recirculating conduit (60) of the exhaust gases, and a plurality of outlet mouths (201), having a wall (7) positioned in front of each of the outlet mouths (201) and suitable for dividing the internal volume of the intake manifold (2) into two chambers (215, 204), the first chamber (215) being placed in communication with the first inlet mouth (213) and the second inlet mouth (214) and the second chamber (204) being placed in communication with the outlet mouths (201), the wall (7) defining an opening (70) suitable for placing the first chamber (215) and the second chamber (204) in communication.

Abstract: An integrated heat management system may include an engine system circulation line around an engine and a transmission circulation line around an automatic transmission. The engine system circulation line and the transmission circulation line may be integrated by a control valve having a plurality of input and output ports. The integrated heat management system controls opening and closing of the control valve in accordance with engine cooling water temperature and automatic transmission fluid (ATF) temperature, which may be changed after engine start-up, and implements a variety of modes for varying an engine cooling water flow. Therefore, the integrated heat manage system shortens an engine warm-up time, prevents a bad effect in a low-temperature state due to a fast temperature increase of the ATF, and satisfies performance required by a vehicle of which the fuel-efficiency may be improved and the efficiency may be increased in a high oil price environment.

Abstract: A spacer arranged inside a water jacket which is formed to surround peripheries of cylinder bores in a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine includes support legs extending in an up-and-down direction from a spacer main body part which partitions the water jacket into an upper and lower cooling water passages. The support legs are disposed in opposite end portions in a cylinder row line direction, where the temperatures of the cylinder bores tend to be lower. Accordingly, even if the flow of cooling water is more or less inhibited by the support legs and the cooling effect deteriorates, it is possible to prevent the temperatures of the respective cylinder bores from becoming different by suppressing the influence to a minimum.

Abstract: In an engine having an oil pump wherein an oil filter is incorporated into the oil pump without allowing the oil pump to become large in size. An oil pump and a hydraulic line changeover valve including a spool valve are disposed so as to have axes extending in parallel with each other. The oil pump has a plate-shaped oil filter disposed at a discharge port thereof. The plate-shaped oil filter is curved arcuately along an outer periphery of a pump rotor as viewed from a pump axial direction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a vehicle, such as a motorcycle, includes a crankcase defining a sump, and a lubrication system scavenging oil from the crankcase and supplying oil to the crankshaft and to first and second cylinder heads. The lubrication system includes a pump with housing and rotor, the housing being fixed to the crankcase and the rotor being rotatable around a crankshaft axis and being rotated by the crankshaft. A plurality of oil supply passages extend through the crankcase, potentially including at least one being formed in the crankcase.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold has a plurality of branched exhaust passages connected to respective exhaust ports of individual cylinders; a plurality of first collector segments each of which joins the branched exhaust passages for the cylinders which are not adjacent in the exhaust order sequence; a plurality of middle exhaust passages connected to the downstream of the first collector segments, respectively; and a second collector segment that joins the middle exhaust passages. In at least low and middle speed ranges in a high load region of the engine, a valve opening time of an exhaust valve is changed according to the engine speed so that a predetermined amount of a valve overlap period is ensured and that negative pressure waves from exhaust pressure pulses reach an exhaust port during the valve overlap period in a plurality of engine speed ranges.

Abstract: A split bearing arrangement for reciprocating engines comprises a bedplate section and a block section made of materials differing in hardness. The bedplate section includes at least a bedplate section clamping surface made of an iron material, and has at least one positioning protrusion located on the bedplate section clamping surface. The block section, made of a material having a hardness which is less than the hardness of the iron material, is adapted to be clampable and forcibly pressed against the bedplate section. When the bedplate section is first pressed into the block section, at least one positioning groove located in a block section clamping surface is formed. The at least one positioning protrusion has two longitudinal concave surfaces, two transverse concave surfaces and a substantially flat upper surface.

Abstract: A separator for separating contaminants from a fluid stream has first and second chambers coupled by an aperture through which fluid can pass. An actuator can adjust the crossectional area of the aperture according to a pressure differential between the first chamber and a pressure reference. An impaction surface can deflect the first fluid stream after it enters the second chamber such that contaminants are separated from the stream. A pump generates a pressure differential across the aperture. It includes a third chamber having a second inlet for receiving a second fluid stream into the third chamber. The second inlet includes a convergent nozzle for accelerating the second fluid stream, and a third inlet for receiving the first fluid stream downstream of the impaction surface, the third inlet being arranged relative to the second inlet such that the second fluid stream can entrain and accelerate the first fluid stream.

Abstract: A working machine engine is provided. The air flowing through the front side cooling air flow passage and the upper side cooling air flow passage which are provided in the front side and the upper side of the casing, respectively, and the air flowing through the auxiliary air flow passage provided in the back side of the casing join together near the opening. By this means, the air flowing through the auxiliary air flow passage can change the direction of the air flowing lengthwise through the front side cooling air flow passage and the upper side cooling air flow passage.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for burning liquid ammonia in an energy device such as a diesel engine, boiler or gas turbine. In particular, the process and apparatus include mixing a renewable fuel with a low flame speed and high ignition temperature, e.g., ammonia, with a combustible liquid fossil or bio-fuel and supplying the mixture into a closed fuel loop where part is efficiently burned in an engine combustion chamber, and part is used to cool the engine and returned by the loop for mixture with fresh incoming fuel mixture. The invention provides for the mixing and emulsifying in such a way that vapor lock is avoided. In the loop, the mixture is emulsified into a disperse distribution of fuel droplets such that upon injection of a portion into the combustion chamber, the renewable fuel in an emulsified droplet evaporates, mixes with the air and forms a small combustion cell surrounding the liquid fuel droplet.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine cooling system includes a cooling structure for a rotating electrical machine that is mounted on a hybrid vehicle, and a controller. The cooling structure includes a coolant discharge channel and a coolant supply channel through which a coolant is circulated between an oil pump unit and the interior of a case body that includes the rotating electrical machine therein. The cooling structure further includes a bypass flow channel that connects the oil pump unit and the interior of the case body with each other, and a relief valve that is provided in the bypass flow channel. The oil pump unit includes a mechanical oil pump and an electric oil pump.

Abstract: A cylinder head includes a combustion chamber recess on a lower surface, an exhaust port with downstream and upstream side channels, and downstream and upstream liners respectively inserted into the downstream and upstream side channels. The downstream side channel has an open end at a side surface of the cylinder head and an opposite end sealed by a bottom wall. The upstream side channel has an end open to the combustion chamber recess and an opposite end connected to a side portion of the downstream side channel. The downstream side liner includes a generally tubular member with a linear axis and has an insertion end abutting the bottom wall. The downstream side liner has a connecting hole in a side portion facing the upstream side channel and engaged by the upstream side liner, which also includes a generally tubular member.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system formed of a first component and a second component. The first component includes a first surface and a pair of first walls extending outwardly from the first surface. The second component includes a second surface facing the first surface. The second component includes a pair of second walls and a pair of inner walls which both extend outwardly from the second surface. Each of the pair of second walls and each of the pair of first walls are vibrationally welded at a primary weld joint. The pair of inner walls extends outwardly from the second surface and sealingly contacts the first surface to define a fluid passage and a pair of cavities on either side of the fluid passage. Weld flash formed during the vibrational welding of the primary joints is contained within the pair of cavities and prevented from entering the fluid passage.

Abstract: An air directing device for motorcycles with an engine air cleaner bottom housing. An external air plenum forms both an engine-air intake channel and a rearward cylinder cooling channel by coupling (e.g., directly attaching) the external air plenum to an air filter. The external air plenum defining a forward-facing inlet port and an engine-facing outlet port (disposed over a portion of the rearward cylinder) with the two channels in fluid communication with the inlet port.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder that is connectable to an intake manifold through an intake valve, to an exhaust manifold through an exhaust valve, and to a transfer manifold through transfer and combustion valves. A fuel injector associated with the cylinder is adapted to provide fuel to the cylinder. During operation, the cylinder performs an intake stroke, followed by a compression stroke. A compressed charge from the cylinder passes to and is collected in the transfer manifold through the transfer valve. The cylinder is filled by a compressed charge from the transfer manifold through the combustion valve at the same time as the fuel injector provides fuel. The cylinder then undergoes combustion and exhaust strokes. In this way, cylinder operation alternates between combustor and compressor split combustion modes.

Abstract: The present engine design can comprise one or more three-cylinder modules. Each module can comprise a left-hand combustion cylinder, a compression cylinder and a right-hand combustion cylinder. In an embodiment, the compression cylinder can function as a supercharger providing compressed air to the two combustion cylinders in order to improve performance and efficiency. Each module can comprise a specialized cylinder head comprising an intake air plenum configured to allow pressurized air to flow from the compression cylinder into each of the combustion cylinders. The flow of this pressurized air can be precisely controlled by valves that control airflow into and out of each of the three cylinders. Variable valve timing and computer controls can determine the exact amount of fuel, if any, which will be injected into the combustion cylinders to deliver high fuel economy while delivering an optimal level of power, horsepower and torque.

Abstract: An apparatus including a reciprocating internal combustion engine with at least one piston and cylinder set and an intake stream; at least one liquid atomizer in fluid communication with the intake stream operable to provide a plurality of liquid droplets with a diameter less than 5 ?m to the intake stream; and a controller where the controller is able to adjust an index of compression for the engine by: calculating a wet compression level in response to an engine operating limit and adjusting the at least one liquid atomizer in response to the wet compression level.