Abstract: Dental articles are produced using relatively low sintering temperatures to achieve high density dental articles exhibiting strengths equal to and greater than about 700 MPa. Ceramic powders comprised of nanoparticulate crystallites are used to manufacture dental articles. The ceramic powders may include sintering agents, binders and other similar additives to aid in the processing of the ceramic powder into a dental article. The ceramic powders may be processed into dental articles using various methods including, but not limited to, injection molding, gel-casting, slip casting, or electroforming, hand, cad/camming and other various rapid prototyping methods. The ceramic powder may be formed into a suspension, pellet, feedstock material or a pre-sintered blank prior to forming into the dental article.

Abstract: A solid state particle agglomerate and method for producing the solid state particle agglomerate are provided. The alkaline earth metal source material, aluminum source material and silicon source material that comprise the solid state particle agglomerate are uniformly distributed and in close proximity within the solid state particle agglomerate, enabling the solid state particle agglomerate to form glass in a more energy efficient manner when heated.

Abstract: The present invention concerns ink for printing on ceramic surfaces such as glass, which contains glass frits for silica nanoparticles and optionally a pigment, and is suitable for ink jet printing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low density and porous zirconia (ZrO2) powder partially alloyed with one or more of yttria, scandia, dysprosia, ytterbia, or any of the oxides of lanthanide or actinide. The total amount of alloying oxides should be less than about 30 weight percent. The powder is manufactured by controlled sintering or light plasma densification of physically agglomerated, or chemically derived zirconia composite powder that contains proper amounts of yttria, scandia, dysprosia, ytterbia, or any of the oxides of lanthanide or actinide, or any combination of the aforementioned oxides. The resulting coating from use of the inventive powder has a monoclinic phase content of less than 5 percent.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free bismuth glass wherein decrease of the degree of accuracy of the patterning is prevented. Specifically, the present invention provides a lead-free bismuth glass characterized in that said lead-free bismuth glass is used for an optical patterning glass material which is patterned by light irradiation and the optical-absorption coefficient to light with a wavelength of 365 nm is 300 to 3000 cm?1.

Abstract: A spackling compound is provided that is easy to apply smoothly, can be applied in thicker layers than known spackling without cracking upon drying, and can be modified after drying without pitting, flaking, or crumbling, particularly at the edges of the applied spackling patch. The composition includes polyaramid fibers that act as structural strengtheners to provide the dried composition with exceptional strength and resistance to cracking. In a second embodiment, the composition further includes low aspect ratio (about equal to 1) ceramic microparticles that fill voids in the mixture to produce a smoother, more dense composition. Upon drying, the ceramic microparticles produce a very smooth surface that can be sanded without flaking or crumbling. Additionally, the invention provides methods of preparing and using the compositions to produce smooth repair patches with no cracks, are easy to sand without pitting or flaking, and to provide improved structural integrity to the repaired area.

Abstract: A micro-fluid reaction vessel includes an upper plate formed of an elastomer, a lower plate adhered to the upper plate, a micro-chamber and a micro-channel formed on an inner surface of the upper plate facing the lower plate and an inlet hole and an outlet hole formed in the upper plate and through which a fluid flows into or out of, respectively. The micro-channel is constructed to be closed by pressure applied to the upper plate and elastically restored when the pressure is not applied. A micro fluid reaction method uses the micro fluid reaction vessel and a method of manufacturing forms the microfluid reaction vessel.

Abstract: A power generation system and a fuel processor for use therein. The system produces steam from a water supply. A highly heated reaction chamber is provided. A common hydrocarbon fuel is mixed with water and introduced into the heated reaction chamber. The hydrocarbon fuel and water react at pressure and temperature, producing less complex gases. The resultant gases are passed into a hydrogen separator that is directly swept with steam. The hydrogen separator separates hydrogen from the resultant gases. The separated hydrogen is carried away from the hydrogen separator by the steam, thereby making the hydrogen separator more efficient. The hydrogen is separated from the steam is used to power a fuel cell. The fuel cell produces electricity and water is recycled back into the system.

Abstract: To reduce the change in the refractive index of an irradiated portion of synthetic quartz glass, caused by the irradiation with a high energy light emitted from a light source such as a KrF excimer laser or an ArF excimer laser. A process for producing an optical member made of synthetic quartz glass, wherein the OH group concentration of the optical member is set depending upon the energy density of the laser beam employed, to adjust the ratio R (KJ/cm.sup.2-ppb).sup.-1 of the change in the refractive index of the optical member to the cumulative irradiation energy (KJ/cm.sup.2) by the laser, to be 0.Itoreq.R.Itoreq.0.2, thereby to control the change in the refractive index of the optical member made of synthetic quartz glass by the irradiation with a laser beam to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A glass composition which is reduced in the amount of residual bubbles and is produced using smaller amounts of an environmentally unfriendly component such as arsenic oxide and antimony oxide. This glass composition contains, in terms of mass %: 40-70% SiO2; 5-20% B2O3; 10-25% Al2O3; 0-10% MgO; 0-20% CaO; 0-20% SrO; 0-10% BaO; 0-0.5% Li2O; 0-1.0% Na2O; 0-1.5% K2O; and 0-1.5%, excluding 0%, Cl, Li2O+Na2O+K2O exceeding 0.06%. The glass composition can be produced suitably using, for example, a chloride as part of the raw glass materials.

Abstract: Methods for the production of carbon foam from swelling coals that do not require the use of high process pressures, oxidized coal, devolatized coal, or high-strength, foam expansion confining molds are described. In some embodiments, a comminuted swelling bituminous coal is heated to a first elevated temperature sufficient to result in the coal particles softening and melting together to form a substantially homogeneous open cell plastic carbon material. The substantially homogeneous open cell plastic carbon material may then be heated to a second elevated temperature at a slow rate to form carbon foam. In some embodiments, the resulting carbon foam may be heated to a higher third elevated temperature. The resulting carbon foam may be subsequently heated to elevated temperatures as great as 3200° C. or more.

Abstract: To provide an alkali-free glass substrate, which has a high Young's modulus, a low linear expansion coefficient, a high strain point and a low density, does not devitrify in the float forming process and is excellent in acid resistance. An alkali-free glass substrate, which contains neither alkali component nor BaO and consists essentially of, as represented by mol % based on oxide, from 57.0 to 65.0% of SiO2, from 10.0 to 12.0% of Al2O3, from 6.0 to 9.0% of B2O3, from 5.0 to 10.0% of MgO, from 5.0 to 10.0% of CaO and from 2.5 to 5.5% of SrO, provided that MgO+CaO+SrO is from 16.0 to 19.0%, MgO/(MgO+CaO+SrO)?0.40, and B2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3+B2O3)?0.12; wherein Young's modulus ?75 GPa; the linear expansion coefficient at from 50 to 350° C. is from 30×10?7/° C. to 40×10?7/° C.; the strain point ?640° C.; the temperature T2 (the viscosity ? satisfies log ?=2)?1,620° C.; the temperature T4 (the viscosity ? satisfies log ?=4)?1,245° C.; the devitrification temperature ?T4; and weight loss per unit area is at most 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture for the production of a vat-dyed amber glass; an amber glass formed from the vitrifiable mixture, based on a silico-sodo-calcic composition; and a method for the production of tubes and blanks (2) for bulbs (1) using said glass. The mixture contains 100% by weight of the following ingredients: 0.01%-1% by weight molybdenum bisulphur and 0.01%-7% strontium sulphur by weight. The glass thus obtained is devoid of harmful products such as cadmium and no additional heat treatment is required in order to obtain the desired colour thereof.

Abstract: An ideal quartz glass for a wafer jig for use in an environment having an etching effect is distinguished by both high purity and high resistance to dry etching. To indicate a quartz glass that substantially fulfills these requirements, it is suggested according to the invention that the quartz glass is doped with nitrogen at least in a near-surface area, has a mean content of metastable hydroxyl groups of less than 30 wt ppm and that its fictive temperature is below 1250° C. and its viscosity is at least 1013 dPa·s at a temperature of 1200° C. An economic method for producing such a quartz glass comprises the following method steps: melting an SiO2 raw material to obtain a quartz glass blank, the SiO2 raw material or the quartz glass blank being subjected to a dehydration measure, heating the SiO2 raw material or the quartz glass blank to a nitriding temperature in the range between 1050° C. and 1850° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical glass having a refractive index (nd) of greater than or equal to 1.65 and an Abbé number (? (nu)d) of greater than or equal to 50 for use in precision press molding. The glass exhibits that a ratio ? (alpha)1/? (alpha)2 is less than 17 when temperature denoting maximum value of differential in amount of elongation of glass relative to temperature differential DELTAT (where DELTAT denotes a constant value of 1° C. or less) over a temperature range from glass transition temperature (Tg) to sag temperature (Ts) is denoted as T1, average coefficient of linear expansion over a range from T1?5° C. to T1+5° C. is denoted as alpha1, and average coefficient of linear expansion over a range from the glass transition temperature (Tg)?160° C. to the glass transition temperature (Tg)?140° C. is denoted as alpha2.

Abstract: Presently described are retroreflective articles, such as pavement markings, that comprise transparent microspheres partially embedded in a (e.g., polymeric) binder. Also described are (e.g., glass-ceramic) microspheres, methods of making microspheres, as well as compositions of glass materials and compositions of glass-ceramic materials. The microspheres generally comprise lanthanide series oxide(s), titanium oxide (TiO2), and optionally zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

Abstract: Optical glass having a refractive index (nd) of 1.75 or greater, and an Abbe number (?d) falling within the range of 15 to 40, which is suitable for molding by precision mold press is provided. The optical glass is characterized by including B2O3+SiO2 in an amount of 10 to 70%, Bi2O3 in an amount of 5% or more and less than 25%, RO+Rn2O in an amount of 5 to 60% (wherein R represents one or more selected from a group consisting of Zn, Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg; and Rn represents one or more selected from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, and Cs), with each component in the range expressed in oxide-based mole, and is characterized in that transparency in the visible region is high, and that the transition point (Tg) is 520° C. or lower. The optical glass is characterized by having a spectral transmittance of 70% or greater at a wavelength of 550 nm, for a thickness of 10 mm.

Abstract: An optical member comprising OD-doped silica glass, optionally doped with fluorine. The optical member is particularly advantageous for use in connection with radiation having a wavelength shorter than about 248 nm. In certain embodiments the optical member can be advantageously used for wavelength as short as about 157 nm.

Abstract: 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a hexagonal celsian powder is added to 100 parts by weight of a ceramic raw material powder to give a mixture. The mixture is sintered to give a ceramic porcelain so as to precipitate monoclinic celsian in the ceramic porcelain.

Abstract: A process for obtaining one or more than one salt of an organic acid(s), or organic acid(s), from an aqueous sugar stream comprising one or more than one mineral acid and the organic acid(s) is provided. The process comprises introducing the aqueous sugar stream to a separation system comprising one or more beds of anion exchange resin and obtaining a stream therefrom comprising the sugar. The one or more beds of anion exchange resin are then regenerated in one or more stages to produce at least one product stream comprising the organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, or a combination thereof, and a separate outlet stream comprising the mineral acid, a salt of the mineral acid, or a combination thereof. The product stream is then recovered. The separation may be conducted with two separation units, or using a single anion exchange unit.