Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods and systems for determining at least one actual value of a controlled variable of a conditioning unit for a reactant of a fuel cell. In one example embodiment, the method steps for determining the at least one actual value of a controlled variable includes: measuring a measured value of the actual value of the at least one controlled variable, calculating a model value of the at least one controlled variable using a model of the conditioning unit, calculating a model value of the actual value of the at least one controlled variable using a sensor model, calculating a correction value for the at least one controlled variable, and calculating the actual value of the at least one controlled variable as the sum of the correction value and of the model value of the at least one controlled variable.

Abstract: A power management server controls a fuel cell system including a power generator. The power management server includes at least one processor. The processor is configured to execute a reception process and control process. The reception process incudes a reception process of receiving a massage including an information element indicating an operation state of the fuel cell system. The control process includes a control process of controlling the fuel cell system which the operation state is a power generating state, in preference to the fuel cell system which the operation state is a starting up state, stopping state, and stop operating state, in a control target period.

Abstract: Provided are electrodes that may be used in electrochemical cells that incorporate relatively high loading of active material while also demonstrating excellent adhesion, resistance to mechanical breakdown, and also offer improved capacity retention, particularly at discharge rates of C/2 or greater.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage apparatus and a method of preparing the same. The electrical energy storage apparatus includes a first energy storage device arranged to supply electrical energy to an external electrical load; a second energy storage device arranged to recharge the first energy storage when at least a portion of the second energy storage device is exposed to air. The second energy storage device includes an encapsulation arranged to selectively block an air exposure to the second energy storage device, so as to maintain the second energy storage device in an idle state.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for a hydrogen-powered hybrid electric powertrain and the associated hydro-electro-aero-thermal management system (HEATMS).

Abstract: An electrolyte for a secondary battery, the electrolyte including an ionic liquid polymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, CY, R1, R2, R3, X1?, n, and m are the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell configured to be supplied with a fuel and air to generate an electric power; a combustor configured to combust an off-gas discharged from the fuel cell to produce a combustion discharged gas; a fuel heating part configured to heat the fuel to be supplied to the fuel cell by the combustion discharged gas; an air heating part configured to heat the air to be supplied to the fuel cell by the combustion discharged gas; an anode-side distribution passage configured to distribute the combustion discharged gas to the fuel heating part; a cathode-side distribution passage configured to distribute the combustion discharged gas to the air heating part; and a discharged gas distribution ratio adjustment part configured to adjust a discharged gas distribution ratio, the discharged gas distribution ratio being a ratio of an anode-side combustion discharged gas flow rate to a cathode-side combustion discharged gas flow rate, the anode-side combustion discharged gas flow rate b

Abstract: Aluminum-air battery units and stacks are provided with frames configured to mechanically support the anode of each unit, within a housing configured to support the frame and the air cathode(s) mechanically, sealably hold the electrolyte within the housing and in fluid communication with openings in the housing—forming one or two sided electrochemical cell in each unit. The frame comprises a protective strap configured to protect edges of the rectangular anode against corrosion by the electrolyte during operation, and also an external trapezoid shape that is configured to press the protective strap against the edges of the rectangular anode upon insertion of the frame with the anode into the housing. Various embodiments comprise, spacers between the anode and cathodes and grids supporting airways to the cathodes. In disclosed configurations, anode may be replaced after electrolyte evacuation while maintaining the stack sealed and quickly ready for renewed operation.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and method, the system including power generating fuel cells disposed in a stack, each power generating fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, a sensing fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, and a fuel processor configured to purify a fuel provided to the power generating fuel cells and the sensing fuel cell. The anode of the sensing fuel cell is thinner than the anodes of the power generating fuel cells.

Abstract: A gas liquid separator of a fuel cell system includes a first gas liquid separation chamber capable of storing water content separated from an oxygen-containing exhaust gas, a second gas liquid separation chamber positioned above the first gas liquid separation chamber, and connected to the first gas liquid separation chamber, an inlet, an outlet, and a gas inlet channel for guiding a dry gas into the first gas liquid separation chamber. A gas inlet section forming the gas inlet channel includes an inner protrusion protruding into an upper space of the first gas liquid separation chamber, and a bottom surface of the first gas liquid separation chamber is inclined downward in a direction in which the inner protrusion extends.

Abstract: A method and device to impart the ability to selectively quantify chemical/biochemical analytes occupying physiological fluids via an automated process that allow the precise and spatially-defined simultaneous deposition of a thin-film of polymer containing an immobilized biorecognition element dispersed therein. A tissue penetrating electrochemical sensor comprises at least one working electrode and at least one of a reference electrode and a counter electrode.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel cell system of a motor vehicle includes the steps of: i) detecting whether a washing process of the motor vehicle in a wash facility for cleaning the exterior of the motor vehicle is taking place or is imminent and ii) reducing the supply of an oxidizing agent to a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system when it has been detected that a washing process is taking place or is imminent.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a cooling circuit which is flowed through by an aqueous temperature-control fluid may include at least two channel bodies, through which a flow path of the temperature-control fluid leads; at least one tank, which has a base and through which the flow path leads; and at least one ion exchange structure having ion-exchanging fibres for reducing ions in the temperature-control fluid. The at least two channel bodies may be fluidically connected with the at least one tank on a longitudinal end side via the base of the at least one tank.

Abstract: A fuel cell system for an aircraft includes a hydrogen burner, an oxidizing agent, and a fuel cell. The hydrogen burner has a first inlet suitable for receiving a first oxidizing agent, a second inlet capable of receiving at least hydrogen, and an outlet suitable for delivering a second oxidizing agent and heat. The oxidizing agent conditioning system has an inlet and an outlet, said inlet being suitable for receiving the second oxidizing agent and heat, said outlet being capable of delivering the conditioned second oxidizing agent. The fuel cell has an anode and a cathode, the cathode has a cathode inlet connected to the outlet of the oxidizing agent conditioning system, the cathode inlet receiving the conditioned second oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A battery block includes a plurality of cylindrical batteries, a battery holder having a plurality of accommodating parts into which axial one end portions of the cylindrical batteries are inserted, and a pair of terminal plates, that connect the cylindrical batteries in parallel. Each of the accommodating parts includes the partition wall formed along an outer peripheral surface of cylindrical battery, an extending portion that extends on the first end surface so as to surround a part of the first end surface on which the safety valve is disposed and is formed integrally with the partition wall, and an opening that exposes the part of the first end surface on which the safety valve is disposed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an energy management system capable of improving energy efficiency. The energy management system includes: a fuel cell configured to supply energy used in a facility; a first hydrogen supply unit configured to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell by causing a power generation apparatus that uses renewable energy to perform water electrolysis; a second hydrogen supply unit configured to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell by reforming natural gas supplied via a pipeline; and a control unit configured to determine a ratio between hydrogen supplied from the first hydrogen supply unit to the fuel cell and hydrogen supplied from the second hydrogen supply unit to the fuel cell. The control unit determines the ratio in accordance with a percentage of heat energy and energy other than the heat energy with respect to the energy used in the facility.

Abstract: During a steady-state mode of operating a fuel cell system, a system power is generated by fuel cells and is provided via a steady-state bus to a first BOP load, to a second BOP load, and to a power grid via a transformer and via at least one of a bi-directional first inverter or a bi-directional second inverter. During startup mode operation of the fuel cell system, external power from the power grid is provided via the transformer, via one of the first or second inverters and via a startup bus to the first BOP load and the second BOP load.

Abstract: A battery module is disclosed having a plurality of series-connected battery cells contained in, and electrically isolated from, an enclosure, with a first internal relay to control connection between cells and a positive terminal, and a second internal relay to control the connection between cells and a negative terminal. A control signal input is provided to control the relays. An embodiment is disclosed having an internal battery management system which controls the relays in response to a digital message. A modular battery pack is disclosed consisting of a plurality of modules connected in parallel, which can be individually and independently activated and deactivated. A method is provided for activating an individual module.

Abstract: A system includes an electrical storage device that stores an electric power generated by a fuel cell, an electric load to which the electric power is supplied using the electric power of the fuel cell and/or the electrical storage device, and an electric power control part that controls supply of the electric power to the electric load, and the electric power control part performs warming-up control of the fuel cell when an electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell is less than a predetermined value, and causes the fuel cell to generate an electric power that is greater than the electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell and causes to store excess electric power in the electrical storage device when the electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell is equal to or greater than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A power supply system includes a power generation facility configured to supply power to a consumer and a server configured to communicate with the facility. The facility includes a fuel cell configured to generate, using fuel gas supplied via a supply path of the fuel gas to the consumer, power to be supplied to the consumer, and a measurement unit configured to measure a supply amount of the fuel gas used for the power generation. The server includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire information concerning a supply amount of the fuel gas supplied to the consumer, and a specifying unit configured to specify, based on a measurement result of the measurement unit received from the facility and the information, a supply amount of the fuel gas not used for the power generation in the supply amount of the fuel gas supplied to the consumer.