Abstract: Process for the preparation of biaryls of the formula (1)R.sup.1.sub.m --Ar--Ar--R.sup.1.sub.m (1)wherein Ar is a phenylene or naphthylene radical, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or an unbranched or branched alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)--, alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)--O--, alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)--CO-- or alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)--SO.sub.2 -- radical and m is the number of still unsubstituted ##STR1## positions on the Ar radical, in which a compound of the formula (2)R.sup.1.sub.m --Ar--X (2)wherein Ar, R.sup.1 and m have the meanings cited above and X is a chlorine or bromine atom, is dehalogenated and dimerized in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water at temperatures of about 50.degree. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing tercyclohexane by reacting benzene with hydrogen. The process involves the use of a catalyst comprising an acidic solid and a hydrogenation component. The acidic solid may comprise a Group IVB metal oxide, such as zirconia, modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal, such as tungsten. The hydrogenation component may comprise platinum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins, which is a compound having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a halogen-containing hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 s are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a siloxy group, a lower-alkyl-substituted siloxy group or a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or which is a reaction product of the following sub-components (i) and (ii):sub-component (i) which is a compound having the formulaR.sup.1 -B-(OH).sub.2in which R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a halogen-containing hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; andsub-component (ii) which is an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: C.sub.3 and higher olefins are oligomerized using a two component catalyst system comprising (a) a soluble adduct of zirconium tetrahalide, the halogen being Br or Cl, with an organic compound selected from the group of esters, ketones, ethers, amines, nitriles, anhydrides, acid chlorides, amides or aldehydes, the organic compound having up to about 30 carbon atoms and (b) an alkyl metal selected from the group R.sub.2 AlX, RAlX.sub.2, R.sub.3 Al.sub.2 X.sub.3, R.sub.3 Al and R.sub.2 Zn where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl and X is Cl or Br. ZrCl.sub.4 adducts with organic acetates are the preferred embodiments. Dimers, trimers and tetramers are selectively prepared in the process.

Abstract: New compounds are represented by Formula I: ##STR1## and salts and complexes thereof; wherein R is an alkyl group having at least one --SO.sub.3 H and at least one --OH; each R' is independently selected from hydrogen, an unsubstituted or inertly substituted alkyl group, an alkyl group substituted with a carbonyl group, with a carboxylic acid, salt or complexed carboxyl group, or an alkoxy group; R" is hydroxyalkyl and x+y+z=3 and are good chelants. The compounds are also biodegradable and are particularly useful in hard surface cleaners.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition which comprises the following components (a), (b) and (c):(a) at least one compound represented by formula (1): ##STR1## (b) at least one compound represented by formula (2): ##STR2## in the proportion by weight falling in the range of 0.2<(a)/[(a)+(b)]<1, and the total amount of (a) and (b) being from 3 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, and(c) 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of hydroxysulfobetaine or amidebetaine. The liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention provide excellent feel in use, give no damage to the skin or the hair, produce rich foams, and are stable. Therefore, they are very useful not only as face cleansers, hand cleaners, shampoos and body shampoos, but also as detergents for kitchen use with which the hand skin undergoes contact for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing dimethylnaphthalene by a single-step reaction which comprises cyclizing dehydrogenating 5-tolyl-penta-2-ene in the presence of a catalyst comprising in combination (a) a solid acid such as crystalline aluminosilicate, silica-alumina or alumina; (b) a noble metal such as palladium and platinum; and a carrier such as carbon, silicon oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide. The process results in simplification of production, effective utilization of reaction heat and rationalization of the heat balance.

Abstract: A process for co-production of an alkenyl aromatic compound such as, for example, styrene and t-butylstyrene, and an oxygenated sulfur-containing compound such as, for example, a sulfoxide or a sulfone is disclosed which comprises: (1) contacting, in the presence or absence of a catalyst, an .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroperoxide with an organic sulfide compound to produce a mixture of an .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide and an oxygenated sulfur-containing compound; (2) separating the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide from the sulfur-containing compound; (3) contacting the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide with a base to convert the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide to the alkenyl aromatic compound; and optionally, (4) recovering the alkenyl aromatic compound from the oxygenated sulfur-containing compound. The sulfoxide produced can be oxidized to a sulfone. The contacting of the .alpha.-methyl benzylic hydroxide with a base can also be carried out before the .alpha.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided based on chlorinated eta alumina incorporating platinum and germanium and tin, as well as chlorine. This catalyst can be used in a process for the isomerization of a charge rich in normal C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -paraffins, without hydrogen recycling.

Abstract: An improved technique is provided for the expeditious formation of a supported catalyst suitable for use in a vapor phase chemical reaction wherein the catalyst is provided as discrete particles. The support need not be capable of withstanding a highly elevated temperature, and may simply be paper or any other readily available material. A layer of deformable adhesive (preferably an organic adhesive) is provided as a liquid or paste on the surface of the support. Particles of a preformed activated catalyst are dispersed on the outer surface of the adhesive so that only a minor portion of the surfaces of the particles is embedded therein. Next the adhesive is solidified under appropriate conditions while maintaining the exposure of a major portion of the surfaces of the solid preformed catalytic particles to the atmosphere. Throughout the formation process the catalytic activity of the exposed surfaces of the catalytic particles remains substantially unaltered.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing iso-butene and alkyl tert-butyl ethers in which the iso-butene is obtained by dehydrogenation of iso-butane followed by purification by partial condensation plus absorption of residual vapor with a solvent, the alkyl tert-butyl ether being obtained by reacting the purified iso-butene product with the corresponding alcohol, the essential characteristic being that the solvent used for absorbing the iso-butene is part of the product alkyl tert-butyl ether itself and/or part of the corresponding alcohol used in the process.

Abstract: A paint cleaning material has one or more liquid solvent vehicles with organic rheological materials dispersed therein. The composition is used to clean paint covered surfaces of paint line tubes, paint line fixtures, and paint booths commonly used in automotive and non-automotive industries. Cleaning is accomplished by the composition coagulating and precipitating the paint residues in the paint line tubes, fixtures and paint booths during the cleaning cycle.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a monoalkenylbenzene which comprises alkenylating a side chain of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having at least one hydrogen atom bonded at .alpha.-position of the side chain (such as xylene) with a conjugated diene having 4 or 5 carbon atoms (such as butadiene) in the presence of a catalyst produced by calcining the mixture of a basic potassium compound and alumina and then heat treating the calcined product together with metallic sodium in an atmosphere of an inert gas. According to the aforesaid process, an industrially useful monoalkenylbenzene can be produced in high yield at a low cost with enhanced safety.

Abstract: A method or producing multilayer coatings, more particularly for lacquering of motor vehicles in which at least three immediately adjacent layers with alternating effective charge of the used binders are applied. The coating agents can be made polar e.g. by using resins containing ionic groups.

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons comprises bringing hydrocarbons having 2 to 12 carbon atoms into contact with a modified crystalline galloaluminosilicate catalyst prepared by treating a crystalline galloaluminosilicate having a tool ratio of SiO.sub.2 /(Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in the range from 5 to 1000 with a sulfur-containing substance. The process of the invention is simple and suited for general application and the catalyst can be prepared at a low cost. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be produced efficiently from the material hydrocarbons by bringing them into contact with the modified galloaluminosilicate having the excellent catalytic activity. The process of the invention can be adopted widely and effectively in the petroleum refining, in the petroleum chemistry and in the chemical industry in general.

Abstract: Fully synthetic lubricating base oil compositions are formulated from blends of 50-97 wt % of synthetic hydrocarbons and 3-30 wt % isobutylene oligomers. The lubricating base oil composition have constant viscosity indexes which are higher than those of the components used to form the compositions. The synthetic hydrocarbon and isobutylene oligomers are combinable in various amounts with conventional additives to form multi-grade engine lubricants, which are shear stable.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a monoalkenylbenzene which comprises alkenylating a side chain of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having at least one hydrogen atom bonded at .alpha.-position of the side chain (such as xylene) with a conjugated diene having 4 or 5 carbon atoms (such as butadiene) in the presence of a catalyst produced by calcining the mixture of potassium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide and then heat treating the calcined product together with metallic sodium in an atmosphere of an inert gas. According to the aforesaid process, an industrially useful monoalkenylbenzene can be produced in high yield at a low cost with enhanced safety.

Abstract: Alkyl substituted cyclopentadienes are prepared by reacting cyclopentenones with a Grignard reagent followed by the acidification and dehydration of the resulting tertiary alcohol with an organic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel MgAPSO molecular sieve, containing a critical range of magnesium in the sieve framework and having a small crystallite size, which is particularly active for hydrocarbon conversion. The sieve advantageously is incorporated, along with a refractory inorganic oxide, into a catalyst formulation which is useful for alkylation. When utilized in a process for alkylating an aromatic with an olefin, for example in the production of cumene or ethylbenzene, the sieve catalyst shows favorable selectivity.

Abstract: Hexenes are produced when propylene is catalytically converted under moderate conditions over chosen small pore zeolite catalysts having small 10-membered ring openings. These chosen catalysts are ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, and ZSM-48. They are unexpectedly effective to dimerize a substantially ethylene-free propylene-rich stream to form mainly hexene isomers, a major portion of which isomers are tert-isohexenes, without making a substantial amount of trimer or other byproducts. The feed is preferably at least 60% by weight, the remainder being alkanes, mainly propane, and the olefins being limited to less than 5 mol % ethylene and less than 5 mol %, preferably less than 2 mol %, of C.sub.4.sup.=+ (mainly butenes). Because propane in the feed is essentially unaffected, plural reactors in series may be used to avoid recycling unreacted propylene with propane to the dimerization reactor.