Abstract: A process for adjusting at least one of the structural and surface characteristics of an oxide material, e.g. SiO.sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, by dehydration of a water-containing oxide gel under supercritical conditions by extracting the water with an extraction agent such as CO.sub.2 at a pressure above the critical pressure of the extraction agent.

Abstract: By the process of the present invention the activity of heterogeneous catalysts for reactions at normal and low pressures is restored or maintained. These catalysts can lose their activity as a result of the deposition, physisorption or chemisorption of organic or inorganic deactivating substances which are carried over into the reaction system or are formed as the result of side reactions in a chemical synthesis carried out with the aid of the catalyst. The activity is restored or maintained by using a pressure greater than the critical pressure of the fluid phase and a temperature higher than or equal to the critical temperature of the fluid phase. In this process, the pressure and temperature are applied for a period such that the deactivating substances are either removed from the catalyst or are not initially deposited thereon or absorbed or formed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing highly active hydrotreating catalysts prepared by incorporating a metals solution containing cobalt and an element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, into a phosphated alumina hydrogel support. The final calcined catalysts have surface areas greater than about 300 m.sup.2 /g, flat plate crush strengths greater than about 16 lbs and more than about 80% of their pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 70 .ANG..

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing wide port-containing catalysts prepared by incorporating a metals solution containing an element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, and an element selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof, into a phosphated alumina hydrogel support. The final calcined catalysts have surface areas greater than about 300 m.sup.2 /g, crush strengths greater than about 9 lbs and more than about 20% of their pores greater than 150 .ANG..

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing highly active hydrotreating catalysts prepared by incorporating a metals solution containing nickel, an element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, and a stabilizing amount of phosphorus into a phosphated alumina hydrogel support. The final calcined catalysts have surface areas greater than about 300 m.sup.2 /g, crush strengths greater than about 18 lbs and more than about 80% of their pore volume in pores having diameters less than about 70 .ANG..

Abstract: A process for the production of a solid, particulate immobilized extractant, which process comprises adsorbing (a) a liquid extractant which is not homopolymerizable onto (b) a porous, solid, particulate, substrate; adsorbing (c) a monomer onto the substrate; and polymerizing the adsorbed monomer (c) thereby entrapping the liquid extractant (a) on substrate (b).

Abstract: A method for regenerating a spent oxidation catalyst useful in the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids by vapor-phase oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes, the catalyst containing, at least, phosphorus, molybdenum, and an alkali metal(s), which method comprises dissolving and/or suspending the spent catalyst in a liquid composition, wherein the contents of ammonium ion and nitrate ion are controlled to be from 7 to 15 moles and from 0.1 to 4.0 moles, respectively, per 12 gram atoms of molybdenum, and immediately thereafter mixing the spent catalyst and the liquid composition.

Abstract: A filter for noxious gases such as sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide comprises a keratinous fibre substrate within which is deposited an effective amount of manganese dioxide. The fibres, preferably sheep's wool, may be in the form of a fibrous bat and the manganese dioxide is deposited from acidified permanganate solution. The filter is most effective when maintained in the wet state.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing titania-containing catalysts and catalyst supports that are fluidizable and attrition-resistant. By the method, a fluidizable substrate is impregnated with titanyl sulfate or a related compound. The compositions may be used to advantage in applications requiring titania-bearing catalysts or titania supports and are particularly useful in preparing fluid bed catalysts for the oxidation of o-xylene and naphthalene to phthalic anhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing entrained mineral matter particles from shale-oil by contacting the shale-oil with an aqueous ammonium or phosphonium salt solution having a pH of about 0.5 to 8 and at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A new composition of matter comprises nickel phosphate and titanium phosphate, prepared by coprecipitation. A process for removing metals from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, in particular a heavy oil, comprises hydrotreatment in the presence of a solid catalyst composition comprising coprecipitated nickel phosphate and titanium phosphate.

Abstract: Method for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a halogenation zone wherein a halogen is deposited on the catalyst. Catalyst leaving the halogenation zone is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst in the drying zone.

Abstract: Regeneration of HDS catalysts by sulfiding under controlled conditions and leaching the sulfided catalyst with an acidic aqueous ferric ion containing solution to remove contaminating nickel and vanadium compounds and recovering catalyst of increased BET surface area and pore diameter.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal ion exchanger with increased absorption and regeneration capabilities that comprises treating an ionically inert porous support with a solution of metal oxychloride. Said metal oxychloride precipitates within the pores of the support and bonds thereto regardless of the pH of the system. The ion exchanger is then used as a medium through which sea water or other brine solutions are passed and inorganic ions and trace organics selectively absorbed. The ion exchanger is easily regenerated after absorption through treatment with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and can be reused immediately.

Abstract: A catalyst system having high activity and selectivity to carbonylation products comprises a rhodium-containing catalytically active component and a halogen-containing promoter component, the halogen being selected from the group consisting of bromine, iodine, bromide compounds, and iodide compounds.

Abstract: An improved regeneration procedure is described for restoring the hydrogen chemisorption of aged platinum containing zeolite catalyst compositions. The process includes subjecting th catalyst to reactivation, followed by oxygen regeneration. After regeneration, in accordance with the invention, a platinum containing zeolite catalyst composition has a platinum dispersion, illustrated by H.sub.2 chemisorption, equivalent to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a finely divided iron carbide-first row transition metal-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser. The catalysts may be used to produce various hydrocarbons, including olefins, from CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for drying a catalytic absorbent involves the contacting of a drying fluid with the wet absorbent until the absorbent is reduced to a desired level of water content. Prior to startup of a process employing a catalytic absorbent to remove impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon, water is removed from the absorbent by contact with the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process is described for regeneration of an adsorbent having ammonia adsorbed thereon and comprising a mixture of an alumina and a Y zeolite. The adsorbent may be regenerated to substantially its original capacity for adsorbing ammonia by a two step process which comprises first treating the adsorbent with a saturated solution of an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate to remove a substantial portion of the ammonia sorbed on the adsorbent mixture and then treating the adsorbent in a second step with a saturated alkali metal bicarbonate solution such as sodium bicarbonate to restore the ammonia adsorption capacity of the adsorbent mixture to substantially its original capacity.

Abstract: The salt content of crude oil is reduced by washing it with at least 1% by volume of wash water of lower salinity than the water present in the crude oil and separating the resulting mixture of oil and water into a layer of crude oil of reduced salt content and a layer of saline water containing some oil. The latter is passed through a cross-flow membrane separator and the oil-free permeate is removed from the separator as effluent. The oil retentate is recycled from the separator to the washing stage and a quantity of lower salinity than the water associated initially with the crude oil is added to the washing stage. The quantity of added water corresponds at least to the volume of permeate removed from the cross-flow membrane separator.Since the oil is recycled, the need for oil recovery plant for treating desalter effluent is removed.