Abstract: A hollow-fiber membrane according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a porous, tubular filtration layer containing polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component and having a fibrous skeleton. A mean pore diameter in an outer peripheral surface of the filtration layer is smaller than a mean pore diameter in an inner peripheral surface of the filtration layer. A ratio of the mean pore diameter in the inner peripheral surface to the mean pore diameter in the outer peripheral surface is 2.0 or more and 5.0 or less.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a discharge part including a nozzle configured to discharge a processing liquid onto a substrate; a liquid feeder configured to feed the processing liquid to the discharge part; a replenishment part configured to replenish the liquid feeder with the processing liquid to be fed to the discharge part; a connector including a switching valve configured to open/close a flow path between the replenishment part and the liquid feeder; a filter configured to remove foreign matters contained in the processing liquid; a replenishment preparation part configured to open the switching valve after reducing a pressure difference between the inside of the replenishment part and the liquid feeder; and a replenishment controller configured to start replenishment of the processing liquid from the replenishment part to the liquid feeder in a state in which the switching valve is opened by the replenishment preparation part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the recovery of filtering agents and rolling oil from a mixture containing used rolling oil and filtering agents coated with used rolling oil in which the mixture containing rolling oil and filtering agents is subjected to vacuum distillation under agitation in a reactor equipped with an agitator and vapour precipitator. The vacuum during distillation is regulated with an inert gas flow, the rolling oil is condensed and collected, and a rolling oil which can be reused for rolling and a powder filtering agent which can be reused are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water filtration device which includes various hoses for connection between different parts of the filtration device and a rotatable cam system which, during backwash cycles, is rotated so as to clamp various the hoses in predetermined sequences for thereby controlling the direction of the flow of water through the tubing system. Electrical pinch valves are use alternatively to a cam shaft.

Abstract: Depth filters with optimized head space are provided, as well as methods of optimizing the head space in depth filters, and methods of filtration with depth filters having optimized head space, including clarification of flocculated feed streams where pretreatment may include any of lowering cell culture pH, addition of polymers (uncharged or charged), or addition of salts to precipitate out solubilized impurities resulting in high insoluble biomass.

Abstract: Devices and methods associated with these devices for significantly reducing or eliminating liquid (e.g., water) in a water or wastewater treatment unit above the underdrain from moving downwardly into the underdrain during an air only wash cycle of the treatment unit. The treatment unit can take many forms including but not limited to an upflow filter and a downflow filter. The treatment unit may include a filter bed having one or more layers of filter media supported by gravel above the underdrain. The treatment unit may also include an underdrain having a porous plate, slotted plate or slotted upper structure that obviates the need for gravel. Positive pressure is provided to the underdrain to overcome the downward force of the driving head in the treatment unit to significantly reduce or prevent liquid present in the treatment unit above the underdrain from moving downwardly into the underdrain.

Abstract: A system for disinfecting and removing biological material from water to be injected into an injection well in a water body is described; the system includes: at least one apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles from water, which is connected, in terms of fluid, to a source of untreated water and to the injection well; and an apparatus for the addition of an oxidant for the disinfection of water, which is connected in terms of fluid to the apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles, a source of untreated water and to the injection well such that the apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles is positioned downstream relative to the apparatus for the addition of an oxidant for disinfection. The disclosure also relates to a method for disinfecting and removal of biological material from injection water.

Abstract: A method is described for using basalt to selectively adsorb organic toxic materials, such as dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, arsenic, mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, and the like, from substances such as sediment, which contains water and the toxic materials. Optionally, the basalt may be in the form of a liner, a cap, or a filter that surrounds, contains, or contacts sediment contaminated with the organic toxic material(s).

Abstract: A reverse osmosis desalination system for treating feed water, the feed water containing minerals, the system comprising a reverse osmosis unit comprising a first reverse osmosis stage (21) and a second reverse osmosis stage (22), each of the reverse osmosis stages (21, 22) having a feed water input, a product water outlet and a brine outlet, and a fluidized bed crystallizer (30), configured to remove minerals from the water, wherein the fluidized bed crystallizer (30) receives brine from the first reverse osmosis stage (21) and passes treated water to the feed water input of the second reverse osmosis stage (22).

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to corn dry-milling, and more specifically, to methods for producing a high protein corn meal from a whole stillage byproduct produced in a corn dry-milling process for making ethanol and a system therefore. In one embodiment, a method for producing a high protein corn meal from a whole stillage byproduct includes, in a corn dry-milling process for making ethanol, separating the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion and a thin stillage portion. The thin stillage portion is separated into a protein portion and a water soluble solids portion. Next, the protein portion is dewatered then dried to define a high protein corn meal that includes at least 40 wt % protein on a dry basis.

Abstract: A fluidic processor device and a wafer including the same, the device including a nanofluidic separator chip including a nanoDLD array, a housing for housing the chip including a top plate disposed on a topside of the chip, a bottom plate disposed on a backside of the chip and fastened to the top plate, and a spacer disposed between the chip and the bottom plate to create a clearance between the chip and the bottom plate for forming a drain space on the backside of the chip.

Abstract: A method for introducing a gas into a liquid, the method including filling a gas volume enclosed below a free surface of the liquid and defined in a downward direction by an enclosed level of the liquid with the gas in sequential pulses wherein the gas simultaneously displaces the liquid top down from a gas lifting channel until the enclosed level of the liquid drops below an inlet cross section of a gas flow out channel; subsequently flowing the gas out of the gas volume downward through the gas lifting channel, a deflection portion adjoining at a bottom of the gas lifting channel, in upward direction through the inlet cross section and through the gas flow out channel adjoining the inlet cross section at a top to the free surface.

Abstract: A method the filtering a liquid in a membrane filter immersed in the liquid and including membranes, the method including introducing a gas through a gas introduction device into a base of the membrane filter in successive pulses so that the membranes are cleaned wherein the gas introduction device includes a liquid flow channel which vertically penetrates a gas collection cavity and admits the liquid into a bottom of membrane filter; and initially filling a gas volume arranged below a free surface of the liquid and defined in a downward direction by an enclosed level of the liquid with the gas wherein the gas simultaneously displaces the liquid top down from a gas lifting channel until the enclosed level of the liquid drops below an inlet cross section of a gas flow out channel.

Abstract: Remediation geotextile device, including a geotextile mattress-like component, configured to contain an active granular material for filtering and treating contaminated groundwater and/or sediment porewater. The geotextile device including a six-sided, or substantially rectangular, mattress-like component, including an upper geotextile layer and a lower geotextile layer that are connected at intervals with sets of interior geotextile straps.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing the concentration of selenocyanate in water. In the methods and systems, water containing selenocyanate is treated an oxidant to provide oxidant-treated water, which is then contacted with a zero-valent iron treatment system comprising (a) a reactive solid comprising zero-valent iron and one or more iron oxide minerals in contact therewith and (b) ferrous iron.

Abstract: A non-biological, visible light photoreactor is provided, the photoreactor comprising: a fiberglass sheet, which includes fibers and interstitial spaces between the fibers; and a low iron oxide content, iron-doped titanium dioxide film on the fibers, the film containing about 0.5 atomic percent iron and an iron oxide content of less than about 0.075 atomic percent iron. The photoreactor may be configured as a tube with a light emitting diode housed therein, a cap at one end of the tube that has inlets to accept pressurized air and a plate at the other end of the tube, such that the air is forced through the photoreactor.

Abstract: A filtration device for filtering a fluid includes a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and a first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member. A portion of the first ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction, the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member.

Abstract: Filters comprising a Chlorella ellipsoidea by-product (lipid-free biomass) for aquaculture wastewater treatments and methods for removing ammonia, phosphorous, and organic matter from aquaculture wastewater using such filters. The filters have multiple layers of a compressed Chlorella ellipsoidea lipid free biomass by-product of Chlorella ellipsoidea biodiesel production, wherein each of the multiple layers is separately changeable.

Abstract: A method for selectively cleaning a flushable filter system that includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit each of which is configured to purify unpurified liquid into purified liquid, the method comprises the steps of: operating the flushable filter system such that one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit is cleaned, while the other of the first filter unit and the second filter unit produced the purified liquid that is used to back flush the one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit that is being cleaned.

Abstract: A liquid (2), such as wastewater, is filtered using a liquid-permeable filtering element (9) having first and second faces (10, 11) so as to produce filtered liquid (4) having total suspended solids of no more than 10 mg/L. The method comprises cycling the liquid-permeable filtering element through the liquid whereby, in a first position, an area of the first face of the filtering element is subjected to liquid under pressure and a pressure across the filtering element is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.9 kPa (60 cm H2O), and, in a second position, the area is not subjected to liquid under pressure or is subjected to liquid at a lower pressure, and solids accumulated on the first face of the filtering element can be removed by directing at least one jet at the second face of the filtering element through the filtering element towards the first face.