Abstract: A system for measuring fluid flow in a conduit having a gradual bend or arc, and a straight section. The system includes pressure transducers, one or more disposed in the conduit on the outside of the arc, and one disposed in the conduit in a straight section thereof. The pressure transducers measure the pressure of fluid in the conduit at the locations of the pressure transducers and this information is used by a computational device to calculate fluid flow rate in the conduit. For multi-phase fluid, the density of the fluid is measured by another pair of pressure transducers, one of which is located in the conduit elevationally above the other. The computation device then uses the density measurement along with the fluid pressure measurements, to calculate fluid flow.

Abstract: A fluid level indicator for a brake fluid reservoir is disclosed which comprises a socket and circuit board which, once assembled, are installed within a chamber integrally molded with the fluid reservoir. The circuit board is assembled to the socket, which is in turn attached to an instrument panel warning device. In an alternative embodiment, the circuit board is formed integrally with connector pins, and injection molded about to form a socket assembly. The assembly is then attached to the instrument panel and installed within the chamber.

Abstract: For each process unit in a multi-process unit plant, a required input and output of a fluid (eg water), in terms of both purity and flow-rate of the fluid, is determined. All of the inputs and outputs of all of the process units are represented in a graphical or tabular form, in terms of both purity and flow-rate of the fluid. The efficiency of use of the fluid is then indicated by the graphical or tabular representation. Connections between the process units may be derived from the graphical or tabular representation, to increase re-use or re-generation of the fluid between the process units. Efficiency of use of the fluid in the multi-process unit plant may then be increased by effecting those connections between the process units.

Abstract: A sealed observation element for viewing the flow of molten liquid during the operation of a sulfur recovery unit comprises at least one sight glass that is heated and which may be swept with a purge gas supplied through one or more bleed rings to prevent condensation or deposition of materials on the side of the sight glass exposed to the process stream.

Abstract: A system for monitoring combustion and pollutants developed in a combustion chamber comprising at least one longitudinal single mode laser diode emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency modulated around the resonance frequency of a specific spectral absorption line of a component of the combustion gases, means for directing the beam into the combustion chamber along a path through the combustion gases to a radiation sensor and processing means connected to the sensor in order to identify the temperature of the combustion gases and the concentration of the component with the specific absorption line by the measurement of the intensity of radiation transmitted at various frequencies in a region surrounding the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis controller of a pressure sensor whereby abnormalities of the pressure sensor can precisely be diagnosed, wrong abnormality diagnoses can be avoided, users' perplexity and confusion on maintenance avoided, users' distrust removed, and unnecessary maintenance eliminated. The invention provides a control means which diagnoses the pressure sensor to be in a failure mode when the intake air temperature is in a state of being measured and the integrated load of the internal combustion engine from its starting time exceeds the criterion of the integrated load.

Abstract: An RF balanced capacitive vibration sensor system includes a carrier generator for generating an r.f. carrier and an inverted r.f. carrier; a voltage tunable capacitive vibration sensor responsive to one of the carriers; a reference capacitor responsive to the other of the carriers; a summing device for combining the outputs from the sensor and reference capacitors; a controller device for adjusting the amplitude of the carriers to tune the capacitance of the sensor to that of the reference capacitor; the sensor modulating one of the carriers with a vibration modulation signal representative of a sensed vibration; an r.f. amplifier device responsive to the summing device for amplifying the modulated carrier from the sensor; and a detector device, responsive to the modulated carrier from the r.f. amplifier, for detecting the modulation signal representative of the sensed vibration.

Abstract: The present invention provides pressure measuring devices comprising a sensor to detect the force upon at least a portion of a contact surface of a syringe plunger during pressurization of a fluid medium within the syringe. A determination of the pressure of the fluid medium within the syringe is thereby enabled.

Abstract: An elongated pressure sensor includes an inner bar carried within an elongated hollow member. A gap formed between the bar and elongated hollow member changes shape in response to a pressure applied to the elongated hollow member. Capacitive electrodes on the elongated hollow member and bar have a capacitance which changes in response to applied pressure. The sensor is adapted for coupling to a multifunction body.

Abstract: The bridge-like thin film sensor 5 is frangible as thin and bridge-like form suspended over the hollow 3. In case that a pieces of dust hits it, it is often broken.In view of the foregoing drawbacks in the background flow sensor, one object of the present invention to provide a novel flow sensor which hard to break by a pieces of dust.In accordance with the present invention, this object of the present invention is attained by a novel flow sensor which includes a substrate installed in the fluid path; a hollow formed on a surface of the substrate; a thin film sensor portion suspended over the hollow; and a guard portion near of the hollow; wherein the width of seid sensor portion is formed being not destructed by a pieces pieces of dust having the about same width of said sensor portion when the pieces of dust collides with said sensor portion.

Abstract: Laminated plate glass including at least one rigid sheet of glass (1, 2), at least one layer of plastic material (3), and a sensor (4) for the presence of foreign bodies on the outside of the plate glass. Its sensing side is held in close contact with the internal side of the external plate of glass (1). The sensor (4) is located in a space formed within the sheets (2) or layers (3) of the window other than the said external plate of glass (1). The said space is closed in a detachable manner by means of a cover (5) and/or lid (6) which exerts the desired force on the sensor (4); process for fabrication of this plate glass; convex laminated plate glass equipped with a sensor; sensor that can be used for making this plate glass.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprises a diaphragm mounted on a housing and subject to pressure. Stress sensitive resistors are connected to circuit traces on the diaphragm which in turn are wirebonded to a compensation IC. The IC is directly mounted on the diaphragm principally or wholly in an area which is not subject to flexing. A connector has a dome partially covering the diaphragm and holds terminal blades having ends extending away from the diaphragm and opposite ends carrying bond pads located adjacent the diaphragm. An opening in the dome permits wirebonder access to connect bond pads on the traces with terminal bond pads. A cover is installed over the connector and sensor.

Abstract: A method of processing signals in a system for monitoring the tires of a icle, in which it is determined whether there is a clearly under-inflated or over-inflated tire as compared with the other tires of the vehicle and the driver is alerted only when the other tires show a homogeneous dispersion of their inflation pressures.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for detecting a tire inflation pressure of a vehicle tire. The apparatus includes a device for producing an oscillating electric signal having a vibration frequency component of the vehicle tire. A wavelet transformer transforms the oscillating electric signal by a wavelet function into a wavelet coefficient. The wavelet function is provided on the basis of a mother wavelet function localized in time, scaled in response to a scale parameter, and shifted in response to a shift parameter indicative of a time localization. Then, an extracting device extracts a resonance frequency from the vibration frequency component of the vehicle tire on the basis of the wavelet coefficient, and an estimating device estimates the tire inflation pressure on the basis of the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A differential pressure transducer for measuring a pressure differential between a first pressure source and a second pressure source. The differential pressure transducer includes a displacement element and a sensing element coupled to the displacement element. The displacement element moves in a linear direction and deflects the sensing element to provide a signal that is proportional to the movement of the displacement element when the first and second ends are subjected to the pressures at the pressure sources. The differential pressure transducer can also include a force transfer beam that connects the displacement element and the sensing element. The sensing element can include a sensing beam and a strain gauge mounted on the beam to provide an electrical signal proportional to the strain in the beam induced by the deflection of the beam. The force transfer beam and the sensing element can be portions of a unitary member formed as a stamped part.

Abstract: A temperature sensor using doped polysilicon resistors in a bridge configuration, an amplifier, and a doped polysilicon feedback resistor between the input and the output of the amplifier. The polysilicon resistors are doped with selected concentrations of impurities such as boron, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. The resistors are doped to establish predetermined temperature coefficients so that the resistors exhibit a predetermined temperature dependence. This temperature dependence is utilized to create a temperature sensor that is stable, accurate, and rugged and that has a generally linear output to temperature response.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling collaborative access to a work group document by the users of a computer system. A combination of public-key cryptographic methods, symmetric cryptographic methods, and message digest generation methods are used. The document has a data portion and a prefix portion. A computer-implemented collaborative encryption method uses structures in the prefix portion to restrict access to the information stored in the data portion. Users who are currently members of a collaborative group can readily access the information, while users who are not currently members of the group cannot. Other structures in the prefix portion support collaborative signatures, such that members of the group can digitally sign a particular version of the data portion. These collaborative signatures can then be used to identify the signing member and to determine if changes in the data portion were made after the collaborative signature was linked to the document.

Abstract: A method of monitoring bagginess of a web transverse to a longitudinal direction of the web is disclosed. The method includes projecting a first reference light onto a front face of the web transverse to the web, and projecting a first measurement light onto the front face of the web non-perpendicular to the front face and transverse to the web. The longitudinal distance on the front face of the web between a point along the first reference light and a corresponding point along the first measurement light are compared to determine bagginess of the web. A method of monitoring bagginess of a web in the longitudinal direction of the web is also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented pseudo random number generator includes an input device to assemble multiple classes of bits from multiple sources into an input bit string. The multiple classes of bits include an internal class of bits from at least one source internal to the random number generator, such as a static bit register which maintains the current state of the generator. The input device also gathers one or more external classes of bits from one or more sources external to the random number generator, such as a machine class of bits which relate to operating parameters of the computer and an application class of bits which relate to execution of an application running on the computer. The input device concatenates the three classes of bits into an arbitrary length input bit string. The random number generator also has a hash computing device which computes an m-bit hash value of the input bit string assembled by the input device.

Abstract: A measuring system for linear and angular movements with a first length or angle sensor (3) which operates in accordance with a first measuring method and which converts an input value (s, alpha) in the form of a linear or angular movement into an electrically processible first output value (UPOT) is further developed to increase the functional reliability and to avoid "coomon model" errors in such a manner that a second length or angle sensor (1) which is mechanically coupled with the first length or angle sensor (3) is provided which operates to a measuring method that is different from the first measuring method, and which converts the linear and angular movement (s, alpha) into an electrically processible second output value (UPULS), with the first and second output value (UPOT, UPULS) being available for subsequent processing and evaluation.