Abstract: A temperature sensor which can achieve accurate temperature measurement in a magnetic field and accurate temperature measurement over a broader temperature range and, further, provides a temperature sensor which, in the correction of a temperature characteristic on a resistance value of the present temperature sensor, can reduce, to a minimal possible extent, an error between a value found from an approximation equation and a measured value, includes a cylindrical type sensor including a temperature-sensitive device having a micro-crystalline semiconductor thin film formed over an insulating substrate and four electrodes connected to the thin film, a cylindrical container made of a nonmagnetic metal and holding the temperature-sensitive device, together with a helium gas, hermetically sealed therein and four conductors hermetically mounted at the bottom of the container and connected to the corresponding electrodes of the temperature-sensitive device, with the micro-crystalline semiconductor thin film 2 being

Abstract: Device for measuring liquid volume in the manner of a cylindrical piston meter with a cylindrical measuring chamber with connecting channels running perpendicularly to the cylinder axis of the measuring chamber and with a cylindrical piston inserted eccentrically into the measuring chamber and performing a wobbling movement, said piston having an H-shaped cross section and a through opening for engagement into a separating wall projecting into the measuring chamber, with the characterizing feature that the cylindrical piston is hydraulically tensioned by the inflowing liquid in the measuring chamber and the pressure differential on the outer and inner jacket surfaces of the cylindrical piston tends toward zero.

Abstract: In a product quality determining method for dies cast machines, injection and casting conditions such as injection speeds, speed change-over positions, high speed interval, pressure raising time, casting pressure, and die clamping force by means of measuring means for each shot in actual casting process of the dies cast machine automatically measured. A measured value relating to the injection and casting condition of a shot as a reference value for determining a product quality when a good product button is operated by operators is set. A product quality determining range by determining upper limit value and a lower limit value of a predetermined allowable width with respect to the reference value is set. Whether or not the measured value of the injection and casting condition is within the product quality determining range by means of an arithmetic operation means is determined.

Abstract: A gauge for measuring a dimensional change, such as a change in the periphery of a test object, is an elastomeric tube filled with an electrically conductive fluid such as mercury. The gauge can be formed into a loop around the test object. Thereafter, any change in, e.g. the circumference of the test object is monitored by measuring the change in resistance (or voltage) between the ends of the tube.

Abstract: In a light-temperature distribution sensor, Raman scattering light is extracted from back scattering light produced by a light pulse supplied into an optical fiber, thereby calculating a temperature distribution. An intensity distribution signal of anti-Stokes Raman scattering light is extracted from the back scattering light. An intensity distribution signal of Stokes Raman scattering light is extracted from the back scattering light. An intensity distribution signal of Rayleigh scattering light is extracted from the back scattering light. The intensity distribution signal of the anti-Stokes Raman scattering light and the intensity distribution signal of the Stokes Raman scattering light are normalized, with the intensity distribution signal of the Rayleigh scattering light used as reference signal.

Abstract: An athletic shoe (20) having an inflatable air bladder (52) integrated into the design and construction of the shoe, and apparatus (50) for inflating the air bladder, as well as apparatus (82) for sensing and indicating the pressure in the bladder, all incorporated into the design of the shoe.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining both the axial and angular positions of a defect in a tube wall. The apparatus includes a probe head positioned at the end of an elongated probe carrier having an imbedded orientation indicator. In the preferred embodiment, an encoder measures the angular orientation of the probe head when facing the defect relative to the angular orientation of the carrier and a photodetector and reflective strip measure the angular orientation of the carrier relative to a known orientation. A data processor uses this data to calculate the angular orientation of the probe head and the location of the tube defect.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter has a pressure sensor coupled to an isolator diaphragm by a fill fluid such as oil. According to the invention, means are provided for measuring the position of the isolator diaphragm and comparing the measured position with an expected position to give an indication of fill fluid leakage. Non-contact arrangements such as capacitive and ultrasonic techniques are disclosed for measuring isolator diaphragm position, as well as contacting arrangements such as switches. The fill fluid loss arrangement can be incorporated into a two-wire transmitter, which transmitter can be made to send a warning signal to a control unit when fill fluid loss is detected.

Abstract: To provide a tire pressure estimating system which is capable of estimating tire pressure based on a signal representing the rotational speed of a vehicle wheel via a small amount of processing by using low-capacity memory, a wheel speed sensor is provided for each wheel of a vehicle. A pulse signal output by the wheel speed sensor is supplied to a signal processor. In the signal processor, the rotational speed of each vehicle wheel is found from the pulse signal. The signal processor adopts a second-order linear prediction model for the rotational speed of the vehicle wheel and vibration of the tire using parameters identified from values of the rotational speed. A resonance frequency is then found from the identified parameters. Finally, the tire pressure is estimated from a linear relationship between the pressure and the resonance frequency.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improved thermal proximity imaging are provided. A data storage medium surface is moved relative to a sensor, in one embodiment a magnetoresistive read/write element. Topographical variations on the storage medium induce temperature changes in the sensor. These temperature changes are monitored to detect the location and nature (e.g., height) of the topographical variations on the medium surface. A feedback circuit using an impedance bridge is disclosed for sensing instantaneous changes in the temperature of the sensor, correcting for the changes and, therefore, keeping the temperature of the sensor substantially constant. By keeping the temperature of the sensor constant, the topographical variations can be detected without any adverse impacts of the surrounding thermal environment on the detection response time.

Abstract: A thermo-sensitive flow sensor includes a bridge circuit, an amplifying circuit and a sensor drive circuit. A bridge circuit adjusting amplifier is further provided and is connected to an output side of the sensor drive circuit for receiving an output therefrom. The output of the sensor drive circuit is adjusted via the bridge circuit adjusting amplifier and is fed back to the bridge circuit so that the balance adjustment of the bridge circuit is automatically performed based on the value fed back to the bridge circuit. An offset voltage adjusting amplifier may be provided instead of, or in addition to, the bridge circuit adjusting amplifier and is connected to the output side of the sensor drive circuit for receiving the output therefrom.

Abstract: In a device for and a method of calibrating the measurement of a product stream in agricultural machines, a calibrating unit is arranged after a measuring unit, a definite quantity of a product stream is weighed in the calibrating unit and the weight value is determined in an evaluating electronic unit which compares the weight value with a value determined by the measuring unit and determines a correction factor from the comparison of both values.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of monitoring variation in the current value of a rate of fluid flow through a fluid meter which includes a measurement unit and a rotary shaft connected to said measurement unit and suitable for rotating about its own axis when a volume of fluid passes through the measurement unit, the method consisting in detecting rotary movements rather than rotation of the shaft at a sampling frequency that is variable in application of a predetermined sampling relationship, said frequency being defined as a function of at least one predetermined fluid flow rate value, and in electronically processing bits corresponding to detection and to non-detection of a rotary movement of the shaft at said sampling frequency in order to determine the current value of the fluid flow rate over a continuum of flow rates and relative to the predetermined fluid flow rate value included in said continuum of flow rates.

Abstract: A method for non-invasively monitoring a pressure of a compressed gas inside a closed container includes: forming a magnetic circuit through a portion of the outside wall of the container; detecting magnetic flux amplitude changes in the magnetic circuit created by a transient stress in the outside wall of the container; producing data representing the magnetic flux amplitude changes; and monitoring pressure changes from a nominal pressure by evaluating the data representing the magnetic flux amplitude changes.

Abstract: An axial-flow particle sensor has a sensor element and a housing. The outlet of fluid is placed at the opposite side of the inlet of the fluid, throughholes are formed at the circumference of the vibrating portion of the sensor element, and the vibrating portion of the sensor element is placed on the extension of the flow of the fluid so that the fluid entering from the inlet flows through the throughholes and flows out from the outlet. Two or more throughholes may be formed symmetrically with the axis. The throughhole may be formed on a ceramic substrate, or may be a gap between the ceramic substrate and the housing.

Abstract: Pressure gauge for very high pressures based upon a principle similar to the Bourdon tube, comprising a beam-shaped measuring element having an elongate cavity lying eccentrically in the cross section of the measuring element, and being supported by a holder member at one end. The measuring element is composed of two substantially plate-shaped parts manufactured in planar technology, preferably of silicium or quartz. One plate part is provided with an elongate recess in that surface which faces against a cooperating surface on the other plate part, so as to form the eccentric cavity. Both plate parts are jointed at the surfaces in such a manner that the cavity is sealingly closed. The measuring element is adapted to be subjected exteriorly to the very high pressures to be measured.

Abstract: The specification describes a test procedure for evaluating the susceptibility of electronic and photonic device packages to degradation effects caused by ambient hydrogen in the device package during the service life of the packaged device. The test procedure uses a hydrogen soak in which the subassembly parts are immersed in high concentrations of hydrogen gas at moderately elevated temperatures. The hydrogen gas is preferably diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon for safety in handling and processing. The test procedure can be used to screen components once their susceptibility to hydrogen attack has been established.

Abstract: A real time maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) processor employs a table look-up mechanism to eliminate the MLE computation complexity. The real time MLE processor can be implemented with digital signal processing (DSP) chips in a personal computer. Optimally accurate estimates of mean wind velocity are obtained at all signals and noise ratios (SNR) using fast software algorithms.

Abstract: A temperature derivative sensing and regulating device and method is described which facilitates the maintainance of a very stable isothermal environment for an item, apparatus or facility or a constant rate of temperarture change. The device comprises a block of material having no internal heat sources, a thermal conductivity greater than 100 Wm.sup.1 K.sup.-1 and a specific heat capacity greater than 385 JK.sup.-1 kg.sup.-1. The block is surrounded by means for measuring the heat flow to and from the block and the device is further provided with means for generating a signal proportional to said heat flow and means for interfacing with the controller of a heating or cooling means associated with the item, apparatus or facility.

Abstract: An arrangement of a sensor element of an electrochemical measuring sensor in a metallic housing is proposed, wherein the sensor element (13) in the form of a tube closed at one end rests with a metallic sealing ring (18) on a seal seat (16) implemented on the housing. The seal seat (16) is designed as a raised circular ring surface having a radius (r), with the sealing ring (18) orienting itself tangentially with respect to the radius (r).