Abstract: In the method of the present invention, a dimethylolcarboxylic acid is produced by reacting a trimethylolalkane and formaldehyde to prepare a cyclic formal having a formal protecting group, followed by the oxidation of the cyclic formal by using nitric acid as an oxidizing agent to prepare a cyclic carboxylic acid which is then subjected to cleavage to remove the formal protecting group. The formal protecting group protects two of the methylol groups against the oxidation to enable the production of the dimethylolcarboxylic acid with a high selectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed are UV absorbers that contain a labile functional group capable of initiating free radical polymerization.

Abstract: A magnesium halide salt of a 2-alkyl-2-adamantanol is reacted with a carboxylic acid halide such as acrylic chloride or the like in the presence of a tertiary amine to produce a 2-alkyl-2-adamantyl ester (the first invention). A 2-alkyl-2-adamantanol is reacted with a carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or the like in the presence of an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid or the like and a drying agent composed of an acidic or neutral inorganic compound (e.g. magnesium sulfate) which is a solid at ordinary temperature in a dried state or of a water-absorbing high-molecular compound, to produce a 2-alkyl-2-admantyl ester (the second invention). The above ester is important as a raw material for a resist for semiconductor production.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaporating cyclohexanone oxime in which cyclohexanone oxime is evaporated using a falling-film evaporator with wetting the evaporation surface of the evaporator well with the cyclohexanone oxime at a pressure of less than about 1060 Torr with a falling rate of the cyclohexanone oxime of about 170 kg/hour or more per one meter around the circumference of evaporation surface at the lowest part of the evaporator. In this method, the cyclohexanone oxime is evaporated efficiently with little decomposition thereof, while preventing the plugging of the pipes of the evaporator and continuously carrying out the operation of the evaporator for a long period of time.

Abstract: A new ligands that include a benzene ring in the backbone can be combined with a metal or metal precursor compound or formed into a metal-ligand complex catalyze a number of different chemical transformations, including olefin polymerization reactions. The ligands, complexes formed with the ligands and compositions including the ligands are useful catalysts, depending on the reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I in which R1 represents a C1-C20-alkyl group, a C3-C12-cycloalkyl group, a C7-C12-aralkyl group or a mono- or bi-nuclear aryl group, in which a ketone of formula II wherein R1 is as defined above, is subjected to asymmetric hydrogenation.

Abstract: A process is described for synthesizing aminoarylboronic esters of the general formula wherein R, R2, and R3 are each an alkyl, aryl, vinyl, alkoxy, carboxylic esters, amides, or halogen; Ar is any variety of phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, heteroaryl; and R1 is alkyl, hydrogen, or aryl. The aminoarylboronic esters are produced via the metal-catalyzed coupling of arylboronic esters of the general formula wherein R and R1 are any non-interfering group and X is chloro, bromo, iodo, triflates, or nonaflates to amines (primary and secondary). In particular, a process is described for the synthesis of the aminoarylboronic esters via a step-wise or tandem process in which one catalytic event is a metal-catalyzed borylation and the other catalytic event is a metal-catalyzed amination.

Abstract: The use of racemic or optically active compounds represented by formula (I) and the salts thereof wherein R is H or CH3 for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the therapy of ophthalmic disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for inhibiting Ras activity such as cell proliferation associated with vascular injury such as post-angioplasty restenosis and atherosclerosis. Preferred Ras antagonists are S-trans-trans farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) and structurally related compounds (or analogs) thereof.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a process for preparing arylolefins by reacting one or more arylamines with one or more organic nitrites, in the presence of one or more olefins which bear at least one hydrogen atom on the double bond and in the presence of acid and in the presence of palladium or one or more palladium compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for industrially advantageously producing at a good yield respectively, a hydrogenated aromatic polycarboxylic acid and an acid anhydride thereof each having a high purity. The present invention provides processes for producing a hydrogenated aromatic polycarboxylic acid by (1) hydrogenating an aromatic polycarboxylic acid at a hydrogen partial pressure of 1 MPa or more by a batch system in the presence of a catalyst containing rhodium and palladium in a proportion of 0.

Abstract: Derivatives of fluorene, including diesters and polyesters of diphenylmethylenemalonic acid and derivatives of cyano(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) acetic acid; and sunscreen compositions including a mixture of a photoactive compound and any one of the foregoing derivatives are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods for stabilizing a sunscreen composition by the addition of one or more of the foregoing derivatives and methods of filtering out ultra-violet light from a substrate by the use of one or more such derivatives.

Abstract: O-medium alkyl esters of diflunisal and related compounds are disclosed having anti-platelet activity, hydroxy radical scavenging properties, enhanced hepatic clearance and low ulcerogenic potential. These compounds have general formula (I) wherein n equals 3-13.

Abstract: A method of producing (RfCO)2O by reacting RfCOCl with MmCO3 can efficiently synthesize a fluorocarboxylic anhydride in a one-step reaction, wherein Rf is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which optionally has an oxygen atom, in which all or part of hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom, or a fluorine atom and another halogen atom, M is an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal, m is 2 when M is the alkali metal, or 1 when M is the alkali earth metal.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures and methods using catalysts and reaction conditions to produce significantly improved yields (and thereby higher purity) of olefin metathesis products, with greatly reduced amounts of impurities. These techniques include in one instance reduction in temperature of reaction, and in another, the use of chemical compounds that act as reaction inhibitors of unwanted reactions to minimize or prevent formation of unwanted impurities.

Abstract: Pleuromutilin compounds of the formula: are of use in anti-bacterial therapy.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are generally EP4 receptor agonists and which are represented by Formula I: wherein A is a —CH2—CH2—, or —CH?CH—; B is absent, an aryl, or heteroaryl group; R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or heteroaryl, when B is aryl or heteroaryl and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are not simultaneously hydrogen, or R1 is heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl when B is absent and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are simultaneously hydrogen; and the other substituents are as defined in the specification; or individual isomers, racemic or non-racemic mixtures of isomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, methods for their use as therapeutic agents, and methods of preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent one or more, same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, trifluoromethyl, amino, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C2-C3)olefinic group, (C1-C3)alkoxy, (C1-C3)alkylthio, (C1-C6)alkylamino, (C1-C3)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, carbamoyl, or phenyl; R1 and R2 further represented by nitro and R3 by carboxy; R4 represents hydrogen, (C1-C3)alkyl, or allyl; Q represents a bond, or —C(R6)(R7)(—O—C?O)—, in which formula R6 and R7 independently represent hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, or (C1-C4)alkyl; Y represents either (C5-C15)alkyl, (C2-C15)olefinic group, (C3-C10)monocyclic hydrocarbon, or phenyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more, same or different substituents represented by the formula R5; or (C1-C4)alkyl substituted with at least one or more substituents with the formula R5; or Y represents a group of formula —CH2—(Z—O)n—Z where Z is a (C1-C3)alkyl,

Abstract: Site-specific isotopically-labeled valine, leucine, and isoleucine and biosynthetic precursors for these amino acids are provided. The amino acids are labeled with 13C or 14C at the methyl group carbon atom(s) most remote from the carboxyl group. Also disclosed are the biochemical precursors of these labeled amino acids, 2-keto-4-(nC)butyric acid and 2-keto-3-(nC-methyl)-4-(nC)-butyric acid in which n, at each occurrence, is 13 or 14. Also disclosed are proteins, protein fragments, and polypeptides containing these site-specifically isotopically labeled amino acids, and methods for preparing the biochemical precursors, the amino acids, and the proteins, protein fragments, and polypeptides.

Abstract: There are disclosed imine compounds of formula (7) and (11), and processes for preparing the same: