Abstract: The invention includes a method of incorporating fluorine into a preform that may be used to produce an optical article. A method that may be used to practice the invention includes a method of making an optical fiber preform. The method includes reacting a fluorine containing precursor in a flame of a combustion burner without forming a soot, thereby forming a fluorine doping atmosphere. A further method that may be practiced to practice the invention includes the step reacting at least a fluorine containing precursor in a flame of a combustion burner, wherein the precursors reacted in the flame are substantially devoid of the element of silicon, thereby forming a fluorine containing atmosphere for the doping of a soot preform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for providing information on the fiber structure, particularly for determining deviations from an average fiber structure, of a fiber rope in the tobacco-processing industry and especially a tobacco rope. A first measuring device generates a first measuring signal that essentially only indicates the density of the fiber rope. A second measuring device generates a second measuring signal that represents a function of fiber rope density and fiber geometry. An evaluation device uses the first and second measuring signals to generate an evaluation signal which provides information on the fiber structure, particularly the deviations from an average fiber structure.

Abstract: A method of making glass tubing includes assembling together a first glass rod having at least one bore and a second glass rod having at least one bore to form a single glass unit, shaping an outer surface of the glass unit to a desired cross-section, and drawing the glass unit to form a glass tubing having a predetermined outer and inner dimension.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calendering paper or board in the manufacture of coated grades of paper or board. At least one of the surfaces of an uncoated base material web is calendered, at least one layer of coating mix being applied onto said surface, and at least the coated surface of the base web is calendered again. The uncoated surface of the base web is calendered by means of a shoe calender having a nip length of at least 50 mm, and the coated surface of the base web is calendered by means of a calender having a nip length of 50 mm at the most.

Abstract: In the light of the disadvantages of the prior art technology, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a synthetic quartz glass member for excimer lasers, which comprises, while suppressing the generation of reductive defects which impairs the resistance against laser radiations, incorporating a sufficient amount of hydrogen molecules capable of achieving a high resistance against laser radiation into the quartz glass, yet uniformly incorporating the hydrogen molecules to realize a flat distribution in refractive indices attributed to the distribution in the density of hydrogen molecules. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a synthetic quartz glass member for excimer lasers obtained by the production method above, which yields high resistance against laser radiations and homogeneity.

Abstract: A method of making a multilayer paper web, wherein at least two paper sheets are formed and dried separately to a dry content of no more than 80% by weight, imparting a three-dimensional pattern of alternating raised and recessed portions in the paper sheets during drying, combining the paper sheets into a multilayer web, in which void volumes are created between the raised and recessed portions of the combined sheets and drying the multilayer web.

Abstract: A method for softening a paper-based product, such as facial tissues, bath tissues, paper towels, etc., is provided. In particular, the method of the present invention includes exposing a cellulosic fibrous material to ionizing radiation (e.g., electron beam radiation). It is believed that the ionizing radiation induces vibrational forces throughout the cellulosic fibrous structure, thereby disrupting hydrogen bonds between adjacent fibers and opening the crystalline structure of the material to result in a softer product.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism having an easy-to-manufacture and inexpensive constitution, by making use of frictional engaging force in thrust direction, in a coat film transfer tool of automatic winding type. At least at the feed reel side, a clutch mechanism is provided between a driven member of a tape winding portion and a drive side rotary gear for rotating and driving it, and its power transmission makes use of the frictional engaging force in thrust direction between the driven member and drive side rotary gear. This frictional engaging force can be set by properly adjusting the dimensional relation in thrust direction between the mutual constituent members, and therefore the designing and manufacturing conditions of the constituent members are less strict, manufacture is easy, assembling is easy, and hence the manufacturing cost and device cost can be lowered.

Abstract: A paper product containing hardwood fibers that are treated with certain hydrolytic enzymes, such as endo-glucanases, is provided. Moreover, the paper product includes other types of fibers, such as softwood fibers, that may also be treated with certain hydrolytic enzymes. In addition, other ingredients, such as cross-linking agents, debonders, strength agents, etc., can be applied to further enhance the properties of the paper product. In particular, paper products formed according to the present invention can be strong, soft, and have low lint and slough production.

Abstract: The system is for the oxygen delignification, in at least two reaction stages, of pulp that consists of lignocellulose-containing material having a mean concentration of 8%-18% pulp consistency. The oxygen delignification takes place in a first reaction stage that has a substantially constant low pressure during the whole delignification process. The second delignification stage has a substantially higher pressure and temperature and a longer dwell time. Readily delignifiable constituents in the pulp may react without the pulp being negatively affected so that the delignification process provides a very high degree of selectivity and an improved yield.

Abstract: Highly textured tissue sheets, particularly suitable for use as bath tissue, are produced by throughdrying and have a low number and/or low amount of pinholes. The low number or amount of pinholes is provided by using a throughdrying fabric having parallel wide ridges with a height suited to the particular tissue sheet being produced.

Abstract: Copolymers of dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate having residual monomer levels of <2000 ppm and <500 ppm, respectively, are made by copolymerizing the monomers in a predetermined weight ratio in an aqueous-alcoholic solvent of defined composition. Substrates coated with these copolymers are capable of absorbing the solvents, e.g. water or organic solvents, of digital printing inks rapidly with dry times of <1 min.

Abstract: A variable frequency foil (VFF) box assembly and mechanisms for moving individual foils/foil beams and individual foil beam sets relative to each other to adjust the frequency of a paper making machine, and method of use are provided. The VFF box assembly allows for continuously and uniformly adjusting the pitch distances of individual foils within foil sets over a finite range, and also adjusting the distance between foil sets during the continuous operation of a paper making machine. Also provided is a variable frequency assembly comprising a combination of dewatering elements such as one or more foil elements and table rolls, a multi-surfaced foil element, and/or an adjustable angle foil element.

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb wall-flow filter is prepared by plugging channels in a ceramic honeycomb by a method comprising the following. First, a mixture comprised of a dispersing liquid and ceramic powder is formed. Next, the mixture is inserted on one end of the channel in an unplugged ceramic honeycomb such that the mixture flows to the other end where the mixture collects and forms a plugged ceramic honeycomb. Then, the plugged ceramic honeycomb is heated to a temperature sufficient to sinter the plugged ceramic honeycomb to form a porous sintered plugged ceramic honeycomb.

Abstract: The doped silica core region of a core rod for an optical fiber preform is protected against unwanted fluorine doping during fluorine doping of the outer silica layer by selectively consolidating the core region prior to fluorine doping. Due to dopants in the core region, the soot in the core region consolidates before the soot in the outer undoped region. This inherent property allows the entire core rod to be heated prior to fluorine doping resulting in selective partial consolidation and preventing fluorine doping of the doped center core region. The process time required may be reduced by using incremental fluorine doping. In the incremental doping process the doping step is separated into a deposit step, where “excess” fluorine is deposited on the silica particles, and a drive-in step where atomic fluorine is distributed into the silica particles. The drive-in step is conveniently combined with the sintering or consolidation step to further enhance the efficiency of the doping process.

Abstract: A method of sizing paper by applying a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of polymeric particles of particle size up to 1 micron, preferably 80-200 nm, wherein the polymeric particles comprise a water insoluble polymer matrix, preferably formed from styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, characterized in that an oligomer formed from a monomer blend comprising, (a) (meth)acrylamide, and (b) organic mercaptan or an organic sulphone, preferably dodecyl mercaptan or dodecyl sulphone is located at the surface of the particles. Compositions where the oligomer further comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising either a tertiary amine group or a quaternary ammonium group, preferably dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate are novel. Advantages of the composition when applied to the surface of paper, include improved water resistance, brightness and printability properties of the treated paper.

Abstract: A sol-gel process is described that allows dry gels to be produced, and where necessary, the corresponding dense vitreous bodies, around an incompressible insert. A particular feature of the process is the step of rotating a container holding the sol and incompressible insert throughout the gelling step under such conditions that a wet gel adhering to the insert is produced, which is then dried. The process is useful particularly for the production of preforms for optical fibers, which are also claimed.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a cellulosic paper product (e.g., paper hand towels) exhibiting reduced malodor upon wetting. The process includes introducing a vanilla compound (e.g., vanillin) into the aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers from which the paper product is made, depositing the aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers onto a sheet-forming fabric to form a wet web and drying the wet web at high temperature in an oxidative environment to form a dried base sheet. The process of the present invention is particularly suited for reducing malodor released from cellulosic paper products made from through-air dried base sheet material.

Abstract: A method for producing a pulp molded article is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of forming and drying a pulp molded precursor (15). The drying step includes a first step and a second step. In the first step, the precursor (15) is set in a cavity of a heating mold, and is hot-pressed. The cavity has a configuration in conformity to the contour of the pulp molded article to be produced. In the second step, the hot-pressed precursor (15) is taken out from the heating mold and is heat-dried in a drying furnace.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for surface treatment of a paper and/or board web (W) formed of a yankee cylinder (2) and a calendering unit (5) placed one after the other in the machine direction, by means of which the web (W) is first glazed and dried and after that immediately calendered.