Abstract: A method includes: generating a physical layer packet of a first protocol version of a wireless local area network, where a first signaling field includes at least two OFDM symbols, the first two OFDM symbols of the first signaling field each comprises five signal segments, and duration of each signal segment is 0.8 microseconds; and five signal segments of a first OFDM symbol are respectively a fourth signal segment, a first signal segment, a second signal segment, a third signal segment, and the fourth signal segment in sequence, and five signal segments of a second OFDM symbol are respectively the first signal segment, the second signal segment, the third signal segment, the fourth signal segment, and the first signal segment in sequence; and sending the physical layer packet to a receive end device, so that the receive end device performs recognition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a terminal apparatus capable of preventing the degradation of reception quality of control information even in a case of employing SU-MIMO transmission system. A terminal (200), which uses a plurality of different layers to transmit two code words in which control information is placed, comprises: a resource amount determining unit (204) that determines, based on a lower one of the encoding rates of the two code words or based on the average value of the reciprocals of the encoding rates of the two code words, resource amounts of control information in the respective ones of the plurality of layers; and a transport signal forming unit (205) that places, in the two code words, the control information modulated by use of the resource amounts, thereby forming a transport signal.

Abstract: A communication device generates a preamble of an uplink (UL) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) data unit, conforming to a first communication protocol, for transmission via a communication channel. Generating the preamble of the UL OFDM data unit includes: generating a first training field that conforms to a second communication protocol; generating a second training field to be included in the preamble after the first training field, wherein the second training field is generated based on a sequence that includes non-zero values spaced apart by zero values such that the non-zero values occur at an interval of eight elements in the sequence; modulating the first training field using a first tone spacing LTS between adjacent OFDM tones; the first training field having a periodicity LP; and modulating the second training field using a second tone spacing equal to LTS/4 between adjacent OFDM tones, the second training field has a periodicity 2*LP.

Abstract: A method for performing a handover procedure in a wireless communication system is provided. A first eNodeB (eNB) of a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) system receives information on an access point (AP) of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, which is located at neighborhood of a second eNB, to which data of the first eNB can be offloaded, from a user equipment (UE) or a second eNB, and decides whether to handover the UE to the second eNB based on the received information on the AP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting an indication for a device-to-device (D2D) operation in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment (UE) transmits an indication indicating a list of frequencies preferred for a D2D operation. The D2D operation may include reception/transmission of a D2D discovery signal/D2D communication data.

Abstract: A method of measuring radio link quality in a D2D user equipment in a wireless communication system including an eNB and at least two D2D user equipments, UEs: a first D2D UE receives a discovery packet from a second D2D UE; and the first D2D UE measures the radio link quality based on the reception of the discovery packet and generates a wireless link quality indication, which indicates sidelink quality between the first D2D UE and the second D2D UE; wherein the at least two D2D user equipments include an alternative UE-to-network relay D2D UE and a remote D2D UE; and the first D2D UE is the remote D2D UE, and the second D2D UE is the alternative UE-to-network relay D2D UE; or the first D2D UE is the alternative UE-to-network relay D2D UE, and the second D2D UE is the remote D2D UE.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system that will be provided to support a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G communication system such as LTE. Disclosed is an interference measurement method and device in a flexible duplex system. The method comprises the steps of: determining whether uplink (UL) grant for allocating UL transmission has been received from a base station in a first subframe; when the UL grant has not been received, measuring inter-cell interference for an uplink interference measurement resource (IMR) in at least one second subframe determined by the first subframe; and when the UL grant has been received, measuring inter-cell interference for the uplink interference measurement resource (IMR) in at least one third subframe before a subframe that is indicated by the UL grant.

Abstract: A method of time synchronization and a base station system are disclosed. The base station system includes a main unit, at least one radio unit, and a transmission medium adapted to transmit information between the main unit and the at least one radio unit. The base station system further includes a clock synchronization server configured close to the side of the at least one radio unit or integrated with the at least one radio unit. The clock synchronization server is adapted to transmit synchronization data to the main unit through the transmission medium, so that the main unit performs configuration processing according to the synchronization data to implement time synchronization with the clock synchronization server.

Abstract: Methods and systems for transmitting uplink control information and feedback are disclosed for carrier aggregation systems. A user equipment device may be configured to transmit uplink control information and other feedback for several downlink component carriers using one or more uplink component carriers. The user equipment device may be configured to transmit such data using a physical uplink control channel rather than a physical uplink shared channel. The user equipment device may be configured to determine the uplink control information and feedback data that is to be transmitted, the physical uplink control channel resources to be used to transmit the uplink control information and feedback data, and how the uplink control information and feedback data may be transmitted over the physical uplink control channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a paging method, a related device, and a system. The paging method includes: receiving, by a forwarding plane gateway, a downlink packet; and sending, by the forwarding plane gateway, a second paging message to at least one base station according to the downlink packet, where the second paging message is used for paging a terminal. In the paging method in the present invention, the forwarding plane gateway sends the second paging message to page the terminal, and a control plane gateway is not required to page the terminal.

Abstract: A multihop network has nodes divided into user nodes, and base stations (BSs) each connected to a core network (CN). Each user node scans a surrounding area by an antenna array to identify a subset of the nodes wirelessly reachable by this user node and connectable to any BS. Node-specific information items determined for each reachable node include a farness value indicating farness in location between the reachable node and the user node. A target reachable node through which the user node communicates is selected and has a lowest farness value among the reachable nodes in the subset. The user node is communicable with a BS directly, or indirectly by multihop communication via the target reachable node, thereby allowing a total number of BSs adequate to support data communication between the CN and all the user nodes to be reduced when compared to non-multihop communication over the same geographical area.

Abstract: A method of configuring optical network nodes (6a, 6b) between a plurality of Remote Radio Units (4a, 4b) and at least one Baseband Unit (2a, 2b). The method comprises monitoring a bandwidth demand of each Remote Radio Unit (4a, 4b), and calculating a routing configuration of the nodes to connect at least one Remote Radio Unit on a tree arrangement to a said Baseband Unit. The calculating (82) the routing configuration is based on at least one connection requirement between the Remote Radio Units and the Baseband Units and the bandwidth demand of each Remote Radio Unit. The method further comprises dynamically configuring one or more optical network nodes to adapt the routing configuration from a said Remote Radio Unit to a said Baseband Unit, according to the calculated routing configuration.

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes a base station configured to switch a first state of storing to control information transmitted to a terminal, a value instructing a transmission power of the terminal, and a second state of storing to the control information, a value instructing a transmission count of multiple transmissions of a same data by the terminal; and the terminal configured to switch a third state of adjusting the transmission power based on the value stored to the control information received from the base station in the first state, and a fourth state of adjusting the transmission count of multiple transmissions of the same data by the terminal, based on the value stored to the control information received from the base station in the second state.

Abstract: A system that determines a cell density and cell type in an area corresponding to a location of a user equipment; determines a mobility state of the user equipment based on the determined cell density and the determined cell type; and controls cell reselection for the user equipment based on the determined mobility state of the user equipment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a synchronization method, a base station, and user equipment. The method includes: completing, by an unlicensed-spectrum base station, preemption of a radio channel of an unlicensed spectrum at a first time point; determining, by the unlicensed-spectrum base station, a second time point, where the second time point is a subframe boundary at which the base station starts to send an effective subframe; intensively sending, by the unlicensed-spectrum base station, synchronization signals in a first time period between the first time point and the second time point, so that user equipment UE completes uplink synchronization in the first time period; and starting, by the base station, to send the effective subframe at the second time point.

Abstract: The present invention provides user equipment and a method for ensuring continuous service reception in a wireless network. User equipment (UE) obtains configuration information of a neighboring cell; the UE determines that at least two cells of all cells including the serving cell and the neighboring cell belong to a same area to which a same multimedia broadcast multicast service belongs; and during measurement of a reference signal, the UE combines reference signal measurement values of at least two cells that belong to the area of the same multimedia broadcast multicast service to obtain a combined measurement value, and compares the combined measurement value with a measurement value of another cell, so as to determine whether to perform reselection. Therefore, in a handover determining process, radio signal quality of a single cell is prevented from being underestimated, so that an unnecessary handover procedure is avoided, thereby ensuring quality of a radio signal obtained by UE.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for wireless communications. Cells may be grouped into a plurality of cell groups. A wireless device may receive a control command and transmit a random access preamble via a secondary cell.

Abstract: Traffic history storage unit (130) stores, as traffic history, traffic results at base station cell radio units (200-1 to 200-n). Traffic database (140) stores traffic data learned on the basis of the traffic history. Traffic prediction unit (150) predicts, on the basis of the traffic data and the traffic history, traffic fluctuation that may occur after a predetermined time interval. Process resource control unit (160) controls, on the basis of the predicted traffic fluctuation, the allocation of process resources in signal processing cards (121-1 to 121-m) at every predetermined time intervals.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling transmission power to remove symbol level interference when forming differentiated beams in a wireless system. A terminal, according to the present invention, may receive, from each of M resource blocks, M reference signals, and determine a power ratio between the reference signals and data signals for each of the M reference signals, wherein the beam width for each of the M reference signals may differ depending on the index of the resource blocks, and wherein the power ratio may be determined on the basis of beam width parameters corresponding to the index of the resource blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) allocation and a method for CSI-RS transmission using the same in a wireless communication system. A CSI-RS for each antenna port is allocated to REs or subcarriers on a basis of a symbol or symbol axis in a subframe or Resource Block (RB), and is allocated in such a manner that a distance between neighboring CSI-RS allocation REs or subcarriers may be 3 REs or subcarriers. Accordingly, in the range of following CSI-RS transmission overhead, CSI-RSs are allocated to a time-frequency resource domain in such a manner so as to have perfect orthogonality or quasi-orthogonality according to cells or cell groups. Then, the CSI-RSs, which have been allocated to the time-frequency resource domain, are transmitted.