Abstract: An aqueous wood smoke solution for flavoring foodstuffs is produced by heating in an oxygen starved atmosphere ground wood or cellulose to between 400.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. within 1.0 second; maintaining the said wood or cellulose and the primary pyrolysis vapors between 400.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. for between 0.03 and 2.0 seconds; reducing the temperature of the pyrolysis products to below 350.degree. C. within 0.6 seconds; separating and collecting the water soluble liquid products; and diluting the said water soluble liquid products with water to achieve a partial phase separation and to reduce the benzo(a)pyrene concentration to less than 1.0 ppb.

Abstract: Disclosed is the process for popping wild rice to make a puffy snack food or breakfast cereal which has a nutty flavor. The process includes curing, roasting and parching the wild rice in roasting ovens, sorting the wild rice into differing lengths and widths so it will have uniformity prior to popping, heating the wild rice on a conveying means at a temperature between 500.degree.-800.degree. F., and immediately removing the popped product to avoid scorching the product and creating a bad taste.

Abstract: A composition for coating a biologically active substance which is stable in a medium in which the pH is greater than or equal to 5 and which permits the release of the active substance in a medium in which the pH is less than or equal to 3.5, comprises a film-forming, water-insoluble binder which possesses controlled hydrophilicity and is optionally slightly sensitive to pH variations, and a substance which is sensitive to pH variations (e.g. an inorganic filler, simple aminated substance, basic polymer or copolymer, chitosan). Pellets for feeding to ruminants consist of a core containing the biologically active substance, e.g. methionine or lysine, coated with this substance.

Abstract: A process of preparing an edible composition useful as a flavoring for a foodstuff, particularly as a soy sauce, is provided. A mixture of a protein hydrolyzate and a carbohydrate source are heated in the pressence of ethanol and water to a temperature and for a time sufficient to increase the mixtures's absorption of visible radiation, i.e., to brown the mixture. The process yields a flavoring having flavor notes reminiscent of a fermented soy sauce without the need for fermentation techniques. The mixture is preferably prepared by hydrating the protein hydrolyzate and carbohydrate source in water and then adding sufficient ethanol to form a slurry.

Abstract: A method for thickening and/or toughening fur animal feed, wherein the feed is supplied with a nutritionally useful, natural hydrocolloid, which binds the free water present in the feed, and a fur animal feed containing an amount of the said hydrocolloid.

Abstract: Baked goods comprising a base portion and a filling or upper portion are prepared by applying the filling or upper portion dough to the base portion so that the filling or dough penetrates grooves in the dough of the base portion. The filling or upper portion is baked in place to cause the two portions to adhere and bond together. In an embodiment, a pet egg treat has the general shape of a longitudinal or transverse slice of hard-boiled egg. The yolk portion contains real egg yolk solids, while the outer egg-shaped portion contains flour, egg solids and any type of nutritious meal, including meat meal, fish meal, oat meal, or the like. Flavorings, as well as vitamins, coloring agents, and minerals can be included. The treat is hard and helps to clean pets' teeth and gums, and provides chewing exercise for pets.

Abstract: A method of improving the quality of egg shells of laying poultry or laying hens without deleterious effects on the contents of the poultry egg shells by adding a small amount of zeolite A to the feed of the poultry, and a poultry feed for laying hens containing zeolite A.

Abstract: Substituted hydantoin analogues of essential amino acids are used as nutritive supplements in animal feed compositions.

Abstract: Pigment compositions useful for supplementing marine animal feeds comprise comminuted Haematococcus cells treated to degradation of carotenoids, typically by coating or by combination with an anti-oxidant. Encysted Haematococcus cells are ground at cryogenic temperatures, typically by combining the cells with liquid nitrogen in a suitable impact mill. The resulting powder has an average particle size below about 5 .mu.m. Usually, the Haematococcus will be grown in large-scale culture ponds under controlled conditions.

Abstract: A feed for animals containing heat-treated .omega.6-unsaturated fatty acid such as .gamma.-linolenic acid, and production process for the same. Feed efficiency of the feed of the present invention is higher, and the feed improves health of the animals.

Abstract: A method for producing batter-based baked goods, such as brownies, are produced by subjecting a microwave-transparent pan of batter to microwave energy in a microwave oven. The pan, free of sharp corners, is spaced apart from the interior bottom wall of the oven's cavity, and has height, width, and length dimensions such that when one dimension, in inches is N.lambda./4, where N is an odd integer from 1 to 15, then one of the other dimensions is N.lambda./4, wherein N.lambda./ is an even integer from 2 to 12, and the remaining dimension is N.lambda./4 wherein N is either an odd integer from 1 to 15 or an even integer from 2 to 12, being the wavelength of waves eminating from the klystron of the microwave oven.

Abstract: An additive for stock feeds containing decomposition products of chicory roots in which the total content of polysaccharides and inulooligosaccharides of tri- and higher saccharides obtained by decomposing the chicory roots is 40% by weight or more of the total solids content and is 80% by weight or more of the total saccharides. The stock feed preferably contains 0.1 to 10% by weight of the additive. The additive is prepared by a process which comprises the steps of chopping and then heating/drying chicory roots in order to form chicory flakes, and grinding the chicory flakes, or by a process which comprises the step of enzymatically decomposing the chicory roots without an extraction step.

Abstract: Moist pellet feed for breeding fish comprising (A) not less than 50 parts by weight of a raw feed, (B) not more than 50 parts by weight of a powdery mixed feed, and (C) a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose which has free carboxylic acid groups in the molecule and which, as a 1% aqueous solution at 25.degree. C., has a viscosity of not less than 1000 cps, wherein an equivalent ratio of free carboxylic acid groups to sodium carboxylate groups in said sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is preferably from 0.005:1 to 0.02:1, and the amount of said component (C) is from 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of said components (A) and (B). By using the specific binding agent, the moist pellet feed has a proper hardness and little to not stickiness.

Abstract: Methylsulfonylmethane is effective in maintaining good health and in improving poor health of animals, including human beings and is an assimilable source of dietetic sulfur.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preserving hay comprising treating hay with an effective amount of Bacillus pumilus or mutants thereof. The invention also relates to the Bacillus pumilus used to preserve hay quality by the above method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of promoting the growth of piglets. The method is characterized by administering a dry mixture--possibly as part of the grubbing layer in the pigsty--comprising:1-4 parts of moisture1-25 parts of fat18-28 parts of protein13-20 parts of minerals3-5 parts of citrate3-5 parts of calcium formate30-50 parts of lactose.The invention also relates to a method of preparing a suitable mixture comprising compost, earth or the like, and 10-60% of the above dry mixture. Finally, the invention concerns a method of preparing a suitable piglet fodder which, in addition to the conventional components of piglet fodder, contains 5-25% of the above dry mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides novel feedstuffs for ruminants comprising an edible water insoluble salt of an edible higher fatty acid, free fat, excess of the salt-forming metal, and optionally a further nutritional material, especially a proteinaceous feedstuff such as soya bean meal. Such feedstuffs may be produced by forming a mixture of a basic oxide such as calcium oxide, a mixture of fatty acid and triglycerides, water and optionally the further nutritional material, and allowing the oxide to react with the acid to form the water-insoluble salt. The hot reacting mixture is spread out so that water evaporates spontaneously and a friable product is obtained. The process is operated continuously.

Abstract: A process and equipment for disinfecting bulk foods or animal feeds on a ship are described. According to this process, either before beginning to fill the cargo hold or when beginning the loading operation, a fumigation system is placed in the cargo hold and includes line sections that extend from the loading hatch to the bottom of the hold and are provided with gas passages at least in the vicinity of the bottom of the hold, and after filling the cargo hold, the end of the fumigation system which projects cut of the bulk material is connected to a centrifugal fan and the preparation which releases the gas is placed on in the surface of the bulk material and the fan is turned on and the cargo hold is sealed so that it is airtight. By operating the fan, the gas is pulled out of the gas space above the bulk material and directed into the bulk material from the bottom through the fumigation system.

Abstract: An animal feed block and its manufacture are described wherein the block includes and is made through the chemical reaction of an aqueous blend of an edible trivalent metal salt, magnesium oxide, phosphorous and nutritive ingredients which upon curing provides a rigid feed block with internal control over the rate at which animals consume it.

Abstract: Corn protein fortified ground or comminuted meat products such as sausages or frankfurters are provided which exhibit enhanced cooking and organoleptic properties including water holding capacity, yield and lessened cooking loss, without adverse product flavor associated with soy or other plant proteins. In practice, aqueous preemulsions including particulate fat (e.g., lard) stabilized and enrobed by corn-derived protein are mixed with meat, formed and cooked to yield finished meat products. The most preferred source of corn protein is defatted corn germ protein flour, although traditional corn meal or defatted germ concentrates or isolates may be employed. Advantageously, the corn-derived protein flour is initially tempered and swelled in warm water, whereupon liquid fat is blended with the tempered material and emulsified. The preemulsions may then be added to a meat formulation such as a batter to give improved final products.