Abstract: Cationically polymerizable materials, such as epoxide resins, phenoplasts, and aminoplasts, are polymerized by passing an electric current through a composition comprising(A) the cationically polymerizable material, and(B) a boron trifluoride complex,between an anode and a cathode in contact with the composition, whereby polymerized material is deposited on the anode.Typical complexes (B) are those of boron trifluoride with primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or with trialkyl or triaryl phosphines.The method is a particularly suitable means for coating conductive substrates, giving a rapid cure without the need for special formulations to render the polymers electrodepositable.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electrolysis tank for the production of aluminum by means of the Hall-Heroult process, which operates at above 250,000 amperes, in particular from 270,000 to 320,000 amperes.The connection between each riser (7) and the anodic bus bar (5) is made by way of flexible electrical conductors (8); the central riser (7C) is disposed on the axis of the series, the two intermediate risers (7B, 7D) and the two equally spaced lateral risers (7A, 7E) through which substantially equal current strengths flow are connected to six upstream cathodic collectors (3), two central collectors (3A, 3B) two intermediate collectors (3C, 3D) and two lateral collectors (3E, 3F), and three downstream cathodic collectors (4), a central collector (4A) and two lateral collectors (4B, 4C).Equipotential connections provide for balancing of the current between the different sections of the upstream and downstream collectors.

Abstract: An article is coated with alternate microscopically thin layers of titanium nitride and gold alloy using a cathodic sputtering process to provide a microlaminated coating having the color and brilliance of a much thicker coating of the gold alloy while being more resistant to corrosion and scratching.

Abstract: A process for electrolytic treatment of a metallic object by the liquid power feeding method comprising an electrolyte containing an organic acid or a salt thereof, an electrode comprising a substrate of corrosion-resistant metal and an electrode coating based on the presence of at least some iridium oxide and formed on the substrate, where such functions advantageously as a stable anode enjoying long service life.

Abstract: Phthalaldehyde acetals of the formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl, are prepared by a process in which the corresponding bis-(alkoxymethyl)-benzenes are electrochemically oxidized in the presence of an alkanol of the formula ROH.

Abstract: Anodes having NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst used in the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen result in anode voltage requirements of less than about 1500 millivolts at 100 milliamperes per square centimeter of anode area. Typically, oxygen evolving anodes comprised of lead or carbon steel are utilized in the electrolysis of water to produce oxygen resulting in high voltage requirements. Anodes containing NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst require substantially reduced voltages and perform well in the conventional alkaline electrochemical production environment.

Abstract: A cusp field is applied between a plasma source of a vacuum chamber of a plasma anodization system and a substance such as a semiconductor substrate or a metal plate to be oxidized so that the substance may not be adversely affected by the plasma. The temperature control can be conducted independently of the plasma generating condition because the substance to be treated is not adversely affected by the plasma in a direct manner.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically removing halogen from a halogenated compound utilizing an electrically conducting liquid medium in an electrolytic cell is disclosed. Halogen is extracted and reacted with a metal present in the sacrificial anode to form a relatively insoluble metal halide salt. The invention is of particular utility in removing halogen from aromatic and aliphatic compounds.

Abstract: Aluminum electrolytic capacitor foil is etched by first subjecting high-cubicity foil to a chemical etching stage in which the etchant is an acidic aqueous solution containing an acid having anions for anodizing aluminum, hydrochloric acid, transition metal ions, and aluminum ions. Preferably, the anodizing anions are present in a greater concentration than the chloride ions. The foil is then subjected to a second etching step which may be chemical or electrochemical. The process produces a high capacitance foil with high bend strength.

Abstract: Bubbles produced at an electrode in an electrolytic process are coalesced by providing a surface-limiting, electrically inert masking device of which at least a bottom portion is submerged in the electrolyte. The masking device reduces the free surface of the electrolyte between the electrodes and this urges the gas bubbles together so that they coalesce, resulting in larger bubbles and less acid mist generation.

Abstract: There is provided a drop counting chamber for use in infusion devices which provides a hermetic closure between the infusion liquid and the syringe needle when in storage, and which can easily be actuated. The device prevents entrance of any air bubbles into the infusion liquid.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic plating bath for electrodeposition of tin, lead or tin-lead alloys on a substrate is described. The plating baths are free of fluoborate and comprise (a) at least one bath-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of a stannous salt, a lead salt, or a mixture of stannous and lead salts, (b) at least one alkane sulfonic acid or alkanolsulfonic acid, (c) at least one nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant, (d) an effective amount of at least one primary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenones, and carbonyl compounds having the general formulaAr--C(H).dbd.C(H)--C(O)--CH.sub.3 (III)wherein Ar is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiophenyl or furyl group, and (e) an effective amount of a secondary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic aldehydes and substituted olefins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a dispersed liquid phase from a continuous liquid phase by electrostatic coalescence comprising an elongated vessel having an inlet and outlet. The vessel is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment with the compartments being in fluid communication with one another. Each compartment is provided with a plurality of substantially parallel cylindrical cathodic elements arranged in the main flow direction, and a plurality of rod-like anodic elements, each element being substantially concentrically arranged inside a cathodic element. The cathodic elements of the first compartment have cross-sectional areas substantially larger than the cross-sectional areas of the cathodic elements of each consecutive compartment.

Abstract: A process for treating refractory ores combines pressure oxidation treatment of the ore with cyanidation and carbon-in-pulp recovery. Pressure oxidation is carried out under acidic conditions, at elevated temperatures and pressure. Before cyanidation, the oxidized slurry is subjected to a multiple stage washing operation to remove excess acid and heavy metals generated during the pressure oxidation. Such heavy metal removal lowers the subsequent cyanide usage and makes the process more economical. Cyanidation is carried out in a conventional manner, and it has been found that carbon-in-pulp recovery leads to greatly enhanced recovery of gold when compared to other conventional methods, such as zinc precipitation.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochemical process for applying a firmly bonded substantially insoluble metal oxide-organic complex on a metal surface by employing the metal as anode and a water-soluble polybasic organic acid plus a base as electrolyte. The polybasic acid may be a polyphosphonic acid, polyphosphoric and polycarboxyl acid, or polysulfonic acid and is advantageously polymeric. Polyvinyl phosphonic acid (PVPA) is a preferred electrolyte. Direct current is used. The insoluble metal oxide-organic complex formed is composed of anodic oxide combined with polyacid, which forms a protective layer on the metal of improved corrosion resistance. The metal oxide-organic complex is well-suited to bond light sensitive coatings thereto. The metal may be steel, aluminum or magnesium. The process is economical and the product novel. Sufficient base is added to give the electrolyte a pH in the range of from about 3 to about 10.

Abstract: The invention is a method for dissolving copper in the presence of iron comprising:(a) contacting the copper with an oxidant solution;(b) dissolving at least a portion of the copper into the solution;(c) controlling the copper ion concentration in the solution below that required to cause a runaway oxidant decomposition reaction;(d) removing at least a portion of the dissolved copper from the solution;(e) adding additional oxidant to the solution; and(f) at least repeating steps (a) and (b).

Abstract: The invention relates to a dosing device for fluids used in infusion or transfusion systems comprising a flexible fluid line transversing a housing to compress the fluid line. The device comprises a housing and an elastomeric tubular element having leading and trailing sections which traverses said housing to interconnect respective ends of said fluid line. The tubular element comprises a thicker portion between the leading and trailing sections whereby the thicker portion protects against longitudinal displacement of the housing. A pressing element engages the tubular element outside the region of the thicker portion.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided whereby metal is deposited onto articles such as plastics, ceramics and the like for producing printed circuit boards, metal plated ceramics, shielded articles and other plated articles, as part of a generally or substantially continuous process. Prior to plating, also as part of a continuous process while the boards are being generally continuously and horizontally conveyed in horizontal orientation, they are prepared to accept copper on their non-metallic portions, by application of a chemical reducing solution thereto, preferably after previously having been provided with a chemical activation solution thereto. Then the boards are transferred to a vertical orientation and conveyed in vertical orientation through an electroless copper deposition bath, at a reduced rate of travel, during with a copper solution adheres to the thus treated non-metallic portions of the boards, and to the metallic portions of the boards as well.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering zinc from zinc residues containing iron, and lead. The residue is leached with hydrochloric acid to provide a pregnant liquor containing zinc, iron, and lead. The iron is selectively removed from the pregnant liquor and the zinc extracted from the liquor by an organic solvent extraction system. The zinc is subsequently stripped from the organic solvent using water or hydrochloric acid to provide a zinc chloride solution which is then fed to an electrowinning cell for the production of marketable electrolytic zinc.

Abstract: A coating comprising elemental silicon is electrodeposited on a substrate from an aqueous medium. The plating bath is a solution of what is described as one or more metal hydrides. The metal hydrides of the present invention are provided by combining stoichiometric amounts of metal, alkaline metal hydroxide and water in a preselected proportion by mole percent. The particular proportion is a function of the particular metal. A hydride concentrate is provided which is used in aqueous solution to provide a plating bath.