Abstract: This invention relates to mold flux powders for the continuous casting of steel. The mold flux powders comprise a plurality of sequential melting systems forming successive melts each of which assimilates the ingredients of the next system into the melt. In this way, the desired fluidity is achieved in the mold flux at a rate required by the particular continuous casting process in which the flux is being used without resorting to an excessively low melting flux. At least one of the systems comprises a finely-divided glass.

Abstract: This invention relates to mold flux powders for the continuous casting of steel. The mold flux powders comprise a plurality of sequential melting systems forming successive melts each of which assimilates the ingredients of the next system into the melt. In this way, the desired fludity is achieved in the mold flux at a rate required by the particular continuous casting process in which the flux is being used without resorting to an excessively low melting flux. At least one of the systems comprises a finely-divided glass.

Abstract: A method of providing a member having a metal core with a nonferrous coating wherein the metal core affords strength and rigidity while the nonferrous outer coating, or cladding, provides a non-corrodible surface and wherein the cladding is of such uniform thickness that final forming of the member may be performed without penetrating or breaking the coating, or exposing the core. The cladding is applied by extruding the nonferrous material in a cross-axis die where it reaches a plastic state and passing the metal core through the plastic non-ferrous metal in the die with the high extrusion pressure creating heat to render the nonferrous metal in a plastic state and further extruding the nonferrous metal around the metal core as it exits from the die, whereby to obtain a wrought structure of the clad coating, without reducing the cross-sectional area of the core during the extrusion operations.

Abstract: In the art of investment casting, a refractory mold characterized by a casting system including a sprue passage, a cup at one end of the sprue passage, a runner extending from the cup and connecting to the sprue passage near its other end, at least one pattern cavity gated into the sprue passage between the ends of the runner, and a refractory wall in the cup dividing it into a pouring cup portion communicating with the runner and another portion communicating with the sprue passage. A pattern set-up designed to make the mold by the "lost pattern" process of investment casting.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device permitting the separation of a casting piece from a casting deadhead to which it is joined. A pair of jaws are removably joined to a base and are slidable against a central wedge by dovetail surfaces.

Abstract: A novel casting method is provided which includes a shell mold having a cope and a drag, which abut together along substantially planar mating surfaces and define a casting cavity between the cope and drag. At least one core is positioned within the casting cavity and includes at least one and preferably two crush pads each having a cam surface. As the cope is positioned onto the drag, the cope engages the crush pad cam surfaces and cams the core flatly against the shell mold.

Abstract: A composite container comprising a tubular body formed of spirally wound plies of paperboard or the like and an internal vacuum accommodating liner substantially coextensive with the length of the tubular body and adhesively affixed solely at the opposed ends thereof to the tubular body. The container is completed by the mounting of opposed end caps which are hermetically sealed to the adhesively secured opposed ends of the liner for the accommodation of an internally developed vacuum within the liner.

Abstract: Method for the continuous casting of metal strips or plates utilizing a circular mold for producing continuous semi-tubular members, said members being thereafter flattened to produce the strips or plates.

Abstract: A device for sampling molten steel is provided with a mold cavity and an inlet path which includes a floatation-type slag separation chamber. A ceramic sieve is disposed at the outlet of the separation chamber to prevent large slag particles from passing through while trapping small slag droplets by adhesion.

Abstract: For use in a twin strand continuous vertical casting operation, a cooler including a steel jacket surrounding a cooling member having a pair of die receiving passages for respectively receiving the dies utilized to form the twin strand or products. Coolant introduced into the jacket is not only circulated about the periphery of the cooling member but also is circulated diametrically through the cooling member itself in the area between the die receiving passages. In one preferred form, two pairs of inlet and outlet ports are provided in the jacket for circulating fluid around and through the cooling member in separate independent paths governed by the shape of the cooling member and a partition within the jacket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining an ingot wherein elastic oscillations are directed on metal being crystallized over a broad frequency range and at high intensity in the form of powerful pulses generated by a high-voltage spark discharge in liquid. One form of the apparatus of the invention comprises a discharge chamber filled with liquid in contact with a mould or with melt. The discharge chamber is provided with a system of electrodes connected to a pulse current generator. Upon feeding high-voltage current pulses to the electrodes, high pressure, impulse flows, cavitation and surge waves are built-up in the liquid resulting in the appearance of elastic oscillations acting on the molten metal.

Abstract: Method of connecting a battery plate to a battery strap or post in a mould 50 provided with a number of separate mould cavities 51 arranged on each side of a duct or channel 52 for receiving molten lead. Between each mould cavity 51 and the channel 52 is positioned a weir or barrier 60 which determines the level of lead in each cavity. Lead pumped into the channel 52 flows into the cavities 51 over the weirs 60, the level of lead in channel 52 then drops below the top of the weirs 60 so that the level of lead in the cavities 51 falls to the level of the top of the weirs 60. The lugs 22 of battery plates 23 are then dipped into the lead in the cavities and the lead solidifies to form finished straps or posts. During the moulding process the lead is maintained in a molten state using heaters 78 and the mould cavities are cooled with a flow of cooling water.

Abstract: An ingot casting apparatus having an open top ingot moulds hinged to an endless hauling chain of a conveyer. The conveyer is inclined so that the upper descending branch of the endless chain with the ingot moulds placed thereon is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 30.degree.-60.degree. . Each ingot mould is formed by a bottom, two longitudinal walls and a single transverse wall. The transverse wall of each ingot mould is provided with an opening for passage of the molten metal. With such an arrangement the cavities of the ingot moulds communicate with one another by means of openings provided in the transverse wall of each ingot mould. Mounted above the ingot moulds arranged on the upper descending branch of the endless chain of the conveyer, below the zone where the molten metal is poured into the ingot moulds, is a water-cooled plate adjoining tightly to the top ribs of the walls of the ingot moulds passing under the plate after the molten metal has been poured into them.

Abstract: In order to inoculate or refine a metal by introducing an additive into a melt of the metal under high kinetic energy, the additive is placed in molten form for introduction into the melt.

Abstract: An improved cooling system for continuous casting through means of a hollow cylindrical die through the top of which molten metal is poured and from the bottom of which emerges a continuously cast bar conforming to the internal configuration of the die. The cooling system includes a cooling sleeve surrounding and continuously engaging the external surface of the die to withdraw heat from the die. The external surface of the cooling sleeve is provided with a series of grooves arranged in a continuous spiral or helix to increase the surface contact with a coolant which is circulated from an inlet upwardly along the cooling sleeve, as well as downwardly along the cooling sleeve to also contact the bar which is cast as it emerges from the die. Surrounding the cooling sleeve is a jacket and the space between the cooling sleeve and the jacket is divided by a partition to direct cool water which may be used as the coolant.

Abstract: A method of producing a heat exchanger in which a fin block of porous metal and fin plates connected to the fin block are unitarily secured to a serpentine heat-transmitting pipe. A plurality of fin molds produced with the use of plastic patterns formed therein with continuous, three-dimensional cavities are assembled with the heat-transmitting pipe shaped beforehand into a serpentine form in such a manner that the fin molds enclose the heat-transmitting pipe with suitable spacing intervals defined between the fin molds themselves and between the fin molds and the heat-transmitting pipe. Molten metal of high thermal conductivity is cast into continuous cavities in the fin molds and into the spacing intervals, and the material of the fin molds is removed after the molten metal has solidified.

Abstract: Method for injecting molten lead from a reservoir into a die mold cavity formed about an aperture in the wall of a plastic battery for casting lead-alloy battery terminal connectors. Batteries are positioned adjacent the molten lead reservoir of the apparatus and mold portions move together to hold the battery containers in a clamp-like action. Molten lead is die cast under pressure into the mold cavity in which a stainless steel threaded nut is positioned. The lead is forced through a heated chamber into a portion of the mold which may be water cooled. The mold is designed to allow venting of gases, thereby eliminating porosity; and the apparatus is designed to provide casting which is free of jagged projections in the sprue hole. The aperture in the battery wall is surrounded by a series of plastic annular rings extending outward from the battery wall but being a part thereof. The molten lead surrounds the annular rings and fills the spaces therebetween when it is injected into the cavity.

Abstract: A method for casting objects having complicated shapes from aluminum, zinc, non-ferrous metals and the like, for use in the industrial arts, comprises the steps of using a completely combustible and gasifiable foam material to constitute a form in which the objects are cast, removing a thin surface layer of the foam from those surface areas where a wall thereof could be damaged by flowing melted metal, where ornamental elements or profiles are to included in the objects prior to casting, or where the rate of flow of melted metal is to be decreased, substituting the removed foam layer by a protective layer of a material with a stronger structure, lower thermal conductivity, lower burning and gasifying rates than those of the material of the foam casting form, reconnecting the separated foam and protective layers by gluing, embedding the casting form into sand, pouring melted metal into a recess defined by the foam form while in the sand and delaying and regulating the burning of the foam during the pouring of

Abstract: A driving roll stand to be used in a continuous casting plant includes a lower roll and an upper roll arranged one above the other. At least one of the rollers is drivable by a rotary drive. The lower roll is mounted at a support supported on a base, and the upper roll is mounted at a lever hinged to the support and pivotably movable by an adjustment drive. The adjustment drive is hinged both to an upper part of the support rising above the lever in height and to the lever. Further the rotary drive of the upper and/or lower roll is mounted at this upper part of the support.

Abstract: A foundry core making machine is disclosed which produces large or fragile cores. The core is initially made in two parts, which are later adhered together by movement between first and second stations. The separate core halves are made in third and fourth stations and then relatively moved to be in the first and second stations, vertically one above the other, and with flat surfaces facing each other. The core box booking means is utilized to move the lower core half upwardly against the upper core half to have the two adhere together. This same booking means was previously used to press vent grooves in one core half so that when the two core halves were assembled, a generally centrally extending core venting aperture was established. The core box ejection means then ejects the completed core from one core box in a carefully controlled movement.