Abstract: A cathode ray tube meter, which may be developed as a VU meter, provides visual representation of the signal levels in each channel of plural signal channels. The signal channels may be the signal channels in a multi-channel audio system. The amplitude of a sawtooth waveform signal from a sawtooth waveform signal generator, which also controls the vertical sweep of an oscilloscope, is compared sequentially with individual d.c. signals developed by respective peak detectors, one being associated with each signal channel, to provide a control signal whenever the amplitude of the sawtooth waveform signal exceed the level of that particular one of the d.c. signals with which it is being compared at any given time. The control signal thus produced is used either as a blanking signal for the vertical sweep or as a signal for effecting the resetting of the sawtooth wave generator. A second sweep signal having a plurality of discrete levels controls the horizontal sweep of the oscilloscope.

Abstract: A system for determining the resistance of an electrolyte into which a conductivity probe is immersed, the system including a thermistor network, a probe or conductivity cell, and amplifiers all of which are so combined that the changes in electrolyte concentrations causing variations in resistance are measured with corrections being made for electrolyte temperature variation. The probe and thermistor networks control the feedback of the amplifier, and the probe and thermistor networks being arranged to adjust the output whereby the signal is in true proportion to conductivity.

Abstract: The identification of random and coherent components of an unspecified sil wherein at least a pair of band pass filters, each having the same center frequency but different bandwidths, are employed to make the identification.

Abstract: The disclosure describes new and improved reflex reflecting systems of the type comprising a spherical transparent lens having reflex reflective means arranged about it and secured relative thereto and optically associated therewith by means of a transparent binder material, the system being designed to be embedded in part in the surface layer of a traffic regulating sign formed on a traffic carrying surface of a road with the protecting portion of the lens being uncovered and exposed to impinging light, the said lens and the said binder being made of a transparent material the index of refraction of which is from 1.3 to 1.7, preferably about 1.5, and the total transparency parameter of the system, for light impinging under an incidence angle of 80.degree., being greater than 0.2.

Abstract: Centralized telephone circuit testing equipment with receptacles for selectively receiving a wide variety of electronic circuit modules, various modules being provided to make the equipment capable of performing a large number of commonly employed telephone tests. A scanning system is disclosed as part of the central measuring equipment for determining which of a plurality of remote testing stations has requested access to the central measuring equipment, one requesting remote station at a time being given complete control over a test function of the central measuring equipment for conducting tests on a telephone trunk.

Abstract: A microwave semiconductor amplifier or oscillator system in which a semiconductor device has an avalanching region at a junction and a heat sink having a higher thermal conductivity than said avalanching region in close thermal contact with the said junction. The avalanching region has a width substantially less than ten times the thickness of said avalanching region but a length substantially greater than said width. The heat sink is made substantially wider than that of the avalanching region so that heat generated in the avalanching region during operation of the system and moving into the heat sink will have a substantial component thereof moving parallel to the junction, thereby decreasing the thermal resistance between the heat source and the heat sink and hence permitting an increased power output from the system.

Abstract: A programmable interface contactor structure including a plurality of discrete electrical probes geometrically arranged, or oriented, to respectively electrically contact a discrete one of an array of conductive pads on a device under test. The plurality of discrete probes are contained and supported within a structure having a generally planar exposed upper surface where one end portion of each of said plurality of probes is electrically connected to a single conductive pad contained within an array of pads on said planar surface of the probe assembly. The contactor structure further includes a space transformer having a generally cylindrical overall configuration.

Abstract: An article positionable in a conventional light bulb socket for decreasing the power input and limiting the power turn-on and turn-off transients to a bulb inserted into such socket to thereby increase the life expectancy of the light bulb. The article includes a wafer of insulating material having a notch in the perimeter thereof, an axial lead diode or other power decreasing and/or transient limiting device positioned in the notch, the leads of the device extending radially inwardly and being positioned and/or coiled into spiral patterns or other patterns to form electrical terminals at the center of the wafer, on opposite sides thereof, and a pair of flexible pads of insulating material having widths approximately equal to the inside diameter of the base of the light bulb socket, the pads being secured to opposite sides of the wafer, the diode, and each other, each pad having a central opening therein to expose the electrical terminals.

Abstract: A solid heat-dissipating member having an axial aperture to slidably receive a collector of a traveling-wave tube, includes at least one radial hole opening to the axial aperture. A contacting element having a spherical surface is accommodated in the radial hole so as to be held in pressure contact with the collector under the action of a biasing spring arranged in the radial hole. The collector can be held in good thermal-conducting relation with the heat-dissipating member without the danger of seizing and can be smoothly withdrawn therefrom when required.

Abstract: Operating circuits for gaseous discharge lamps such as those of metal vapor type having ballast devices of conventional type are provided with high voltage generating devices for applying high voltage starting pulses on the lamp, comprising a charging capacitor and a neon glow tube forming a series discharge loop with a selected number of turns of the ballast coil winding at its output end.

Abstract: A bar formed of a material having a known coefficient of expansion has probe holders arranged thereon with each of the probe holders being at a selected distance from each of the adjacent probe holders. The distance between adjacent probe holders is selected in accordance with the design distance between adjacent chip sites on a substrate so that the probes in each probe holder will contact the pads of a particular chip site. During processing, the overall dimensions of the substrate can shrink more or less than the design shrinkage so as to shrink the distances between the adjacent chip sites from the design distances. The support bar is heated to a selected temperature at which the probe holders are spaced the design distances. If the substrate has shrunk less than the design shrinkage, then additional heating of the support bar from its selected temperature expands the support bar.

Abstract: The arc tube of a high intensity arc discharge lamp is horizontally operated and has a longitudinal stripe of heat reflecting coating along the lower surface of the arc tube in order to improve lamp efficiency.

Abstract: A lamp rate generator is disclosed which generates signals for controlling the illumination of key lamps at key telephone sets so that they may be illuminated at wink or flash rates. In addition, a "zero-crossing" signal is generated to determine the onset of conduction in a PNPN switch in the ungrounded side of the lamp power lead to ensure that the rise time of current delivered to the lamp load shall follow the rectified ac waveform of the power source. The circuit is most advantageously employed in time division PBXs which must be rendered secure against transient noise signals that could be induced by current surges having steep wave fronts.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes a plurality of generally identical amplifier elements connected in parallel between input and output transmission lines for phase coherent addition of the signal outputs of each amplifier element. Resistive elements are connected across normally phase identical points on the transmission lines. If the amplifier becomes electrically unbalanced, power is absorbed in the resistive elements, thus protecting the amplifier elements.

Abstract: A reflex light reflector sheet is disclosed wherein both the front face and the rear face are provided with a plurality of juxtaposed convex lens surfaces, the rear face being covered by a mirror surface. In accordance with the inventionA. the lens surfaces of said front face are aspherical;B. the respective axes of the lens surfaces on said front and rear faces coincide, andC. the focal point of the lens which is defined by each lens surface on said front face for axially incident lights is located in or in the proximity of the associated lens surface on the rear face.A method for preparing such a reflex light reflector sheet is also disclosed. A plastic sheet is treated so as to render the sheet susceptible to surface deformation. The sheet is then passed through the nip of patterning rollers which rotate synchronously in opposite direction, the patterning rollers having surface patterns which are complementary to the lens surfaces.

Abstract: The pulse amplitude discriminating circuit is utilized in a system where particles in a fluid are caused to flow through a sensing zone and a particle pulse is generated for each particle sensed with the amplitude of each pulse being related to the size of the particle sensed. The discriminating circuit is operative to determine which pulses have an amplitude falling between predetermined upper and lower amplitude levels, for remembering each pulse while the determination is being made and for passing to a pulse analyzing circuit only the pulse heights of those remembered pulses which have an amplitude falling between the predetermined upper and lower amplitude levels.

Abstract: A salinometer apparatus for measuring the salinity (conductivity) of a liquid sample from a standard sample bottle or other container having an elongated tube having one end adapted for insertion into a sample bottle or container, a conductivity measuring cell formed of a glass tube having an elongated main body portion, four upwardly extending branch tubes connected to the main tube and having liquid seals at their upper ends, metal electrodes mounted inside the four branch tubes, two of the electrodes forming potential electrodes and the other two forming current electrodes, electrical leads passing through the seals and connected to the four electrodes, said cell being connected at one end to the elongated tube and the other to waste, a temperature controlled liquid bath, temperature changing means associated with said bath, an electric heating and control circuit connected to said heating means, the said conductivity cell and a portion of the elongated tube being immersed in said bath, means for flushing

Abstract: An intermodulation distortion analyzer generates two pairs of sinusoidal test tones to serve as a test signal for the channel under test. The two pairs of tones simulate two respective noise band test signals but eliminate the long time averaging required for measurements when noise bands are used. A highly linear AGC circuit employs sampling at an output-controlled duty cycle to maintain a constant reference level for the analyzer. This reference level permits automatic distortion measurements to be read out directly in db below the test signal. An RMS detector circuit for second order intermodulation products employs feedback control to maintain the input signal to a squaring circuit constant. Squaring of the constant level sinusoids produces RMS DC components which can be separated for direct measurement. A distortion circuit provides known levels of second and third order intermodulation in the test signal to permit accurate check out of the analyzer.

Abstract: An analog store includes a four-arm resistance bridge in which the resistance of one arm is formed by the drain-source path of a field-effect transistor. The bridge is energised across one diagonal by an alternating voltage and the output is derived from the other diagonal through a high-gain amplifier. The input is applied to the gate of the field-effect transistor. A capacitor is connected between the gate of the field-effect transistor and biasing means.

Abstract: A device for measurement of parameters of compound electric circuit elements, including a unit of calibrated elements suitable for analyzing an electric circuit. The unit of calibrated elements includes a switchable measuring circuit having an output voltage used to determine the parameters of parallel-and series-connected two terminal RLC circuits in delta-and star-connected multiterminal circuit branches.