Abstract: The circuit for providing the high-frequency short signals which excite the specimen comprises a low-frequency oscillator linearly frequency-modulated during the course of time intervals of duration T.sub.o which are much shorter than their recurrence periodicity T.sub.r ; the output signal from the low frequency oscillator is frequency translated in a single side-band modulator supplied with a high-frequency wave by a high- frequency generator. An amplitude modulator makes it possible, in the course of the time intervals of duration T.sub.o, to create gaps in the output signal from the single side band modulator or, instead, to increase the amplitude of said signal during part of the frequency sweep. It furthermore suppresses the signal outside said time intervals of duration T.sub.o.

Abstract: A lamp for installation in the flashers or winkers of motor vehicles, with a flasher device integrated into the lamp itself, is provided. The flashing is produced, in the case of the invention, by the utilization of substances which exhibit a sudden change in resistivity at a certain temperature. This is the case with powdered V O.sub.2 when formed into an aglomerate by the use of an organic binder. A block assembled in the bulb of the lamp and in electrical parallel with the filament, does not effect the incandescent state of the latter as long as a temperature of 68.degree. C is not exceeded, but effectively short-circuits the filament beyond this temperature. In this fashion, successive extinctions and relightings take place by a process of relaxation. In the case of a C.sub.36 H.sub.74 wax filled with conductive powder, the phenomena are reversed and the block must be connected in series with the filament.

Abstract: An improved sweep circuit for an oscilloscope or the like has an adjustably delayed sweep which is time shared to display separate recurring events of interest alternately to provide an apparently simultaneous display of the events. The adjustable delay between sweeps may be directly indicated as a time interval between sweeps.

Abstract: An electrode structure comprising a tube of substantially electrically insulating material such as glass, having a rounded tip of substantially electrically insulating material such as rubber, which tip has a capillary opening therethrough, encloses a metallic cathode and liquid electrolyte, and that electrode structure is placed with the tip and capillary opening in contact with the surface of a sample conductive substrate having an electrical barrier layer thereon whose thickness is to be measured, and electrical potential is applied between the cathode and sample conductive substrate, which is the anode in the system, and the thickness of the electrical barrier layer is measured as a function of the highest applied voltage that does not produce a pronounced increase in current flow in the system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a driving method for a thin-film electroluminescent element of a three-layer construction which emits light and exhibits the hysteresis phenomenon within the light emission versus applied voltage characteristics. The light intensity is maintained and memorized at a predetermined value in the element by the application of a train of sustaining pulses of alternating voltage, the amplitude thereof being chosen at the voltage level appearing at the point in the hysteresis loop characteristics where the difference between the maximum light brightness on the voltage decreasing curve and the minimum light brightness on the voltage increasing curve is considerably large. The sustaining light brightness is controlled by varying the amplitude or the pulse width of the sustaining pulses. The information may be written, memorized and eliminated in the EL element as variations of the light brightness.

Abstract: An output stage for an amplifier operating under capacitive loading conditions includes an FET-bipolar composite connected between its input and its output and an emitter follower connected in parallel with the FET. A current source and current tracking circuit maintains the emitter follower conductive at all times, such that relatively high frequency input signals are supplied to the output through the emitter follower. When the output stage is sourcing current to the load, the signal path is through the emitter follower. When the output stage is sinking current from the load, the signal path is primarily through the FET when relatively low frequency input signals are connected thereto and the signal path is primarily through the emitter follower when relatively high frequency input signals are connected thereto.

Abstract: A high intensity sodium vapor lamp comprises a tubular envelope of alumina ceramic provided with end closures and containing a charge of sodium mercury amalgam in excess of that vaporized during operation. One closure includes a refractory metal tube sealed off at its tip and wherein unvaporized excess of amalgam collects as a liquid pool. In order to have a sufficiently high temperature at the amalgam pool, a metal slug of high heat conductivity such as molybdenum is placed in it and extends from the seal region towards the tip. Such slug also prevents overheating the seal between the ceramic tube and the end cap.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp has an envelope defining a sealed fill gas cavity in which is located an electrically energizable tungsten filament that, when energized, has a sheath formed therearound of nonreactive gas and vaporized tungsten to suppress filament evaporation; the gas fill further includes a small quantity of helium in the range of 1% - 6% of the total gas charge effective to increase the density of the sheath and to increase temperature gradient within the sheath thereby to produce a drive force that improves the redeposition of tungsten vapor from the sheath back to the filament thereby to increase bulb life.

Abstract: A portable kilovoltmeter especially suited for measuring the secondary voltage of an ignition coil includes an operational amplifier whose input is connected via an input circuit to the ignition coil secondary winding and whose output is connected via an output circuit to a galvanometer on which the secondary voltage is read. The input circuit to the operational amplifier includes a probe which forms a portion of a capacitive voltage-dividing network via which the secondary voltage is reduced in amplitude before it is supplied to the operational amplifier input. The probe includes a capacitive probe element which makes contact with the hot terminal of the ignition coil secondary and a length of high-tension, high-resistance conductor which leads from the probe element to the console containing the galvanometer and the kilovoltmeter circuitry.

Abstract: The faceplate of the display system carries the outlines of a sequence of computer compatible digits. Each digit consists of four binary weighted line segments, each segment is associated with a hole in the faceplate. Holes are in line and equally spaced. Behind the faceplate a slide bearing Leds moves along the line of holes. For each operating position the Leds appear behind a set of successive holes. The Leds receive the digital output of the instrument. The arrangement is such that movement of the slide by one position changes the scale by a factor of two. A switch associated with the slide causes the measuring range of an associated instrument to be simultaneously changed by that same factor of two.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for checking the energy level of a battery, or battery pack, of the type used in the powering of transmitters, receivers and servos used in powered model airplanes, boats, cars, etc. The circuit connects a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and two light emitting diodes (LED) so that the diodes give a no, no-go indication of the battery's available output compared to a predetermined standard. Initially, in the checking procedure, the battery has power withdrawn through a load resistor prior to the final go, no-go indication.

Abstract: A circuit comprising the first stage of a multi-stage amplifier is described, incorporating a plurality of networks connected between the input stage transistor emitter and ground. The networks are connected in parallel; each comprises a series resonant circuit, the resonant frequencies and component values of which have been chosen to provide wideband impedance-matching to the base of the transistor while achieving a low noise figure.

Abstract: A variable inductor having a U-shaped magnetic core with a short-circuiting plate providing a short-circuiting ring for both legs of the core movable along the core legs in response to a displacement to be measured is connected in an electronic circuit to generate oscillation of a frequency that is either directly or inversely proportional to the displacement. For the inversely proportional case, the variable inductance component can be combined with an integrator function and connected to an operational amplifier, for generation of the output frequency with a small number of electrical components. Additional circuit means may be used to improve linearity at higher output frequencies, or to provide arbitrary non-linear displacement-frequency characteristics.

Abstract: Structure for and a method of detecting peaks in an electric signal comprising circuits for and the steps of converting a selected one of a plurality of analog signals into a current digital signal, comparing the developed digital signal with a digital signal previously developed from the selected analog signal and stored, and replacing the previously developed and stored digital signal with the current digital signal when the current digital signal is greater than the previously developed and stored digital signal and of the same polarity, and providing for readout of the currently stored digital signal in either analog or digital form.Direct reading of the digital output in terms of standard engineering units is provided for. Also, the analog input signal may be directly read at the output of the peak detector and the peak detector may be utilized as a volt meter with a direct current signal passed directly into a digital output portion of the peak detector.

Abstract: A current mirror amplifier circuit with an input current path and an output current path is further provided with a sensing means responsive to the cessation of current flow in the output current path such that the cessation of current flow in the output current path causes the current flow in the input current path to be discontinued.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing the junctions of a semiconductor while the semiconductor is in an electrical circuit. The apparatus includes a step-down transformer which operates preferably from a 120 volt AC source. A low voltage secondary winding preferably includes a common lead, a 6.5 volt lead, and a secondary tap lead between the common lead and the 6.5 volt lead. The 6.5 volt lead is connected through a low value resistance to ground. The test leads of the apparatus are connected to the secondary winding of the transformer in such a manner that a low circuit output impedance is maintained at the test leads. Connections to the horizontal and vertical inputs of a conventional oscilloscope or similar apparatus are provided through a voltage divider to the common lead and the tap lead, respectively. In operation, the pattern generated on the face of the oscilloscope in indicative of the condition of the junction of the semiconductor.

Abstract: A current potential indicator for connection with electrical contacts for detecting with a minimum event indicator the presence of a minimum electrical energy potential available at the contacts, and a threshold indicator for sensing a selected quantity of electrical energy above said minimum energy level. The apparatus is specially adapted for insertion into a pyrotechnic cartridge well or breech cap of a weapons system using pyrotechnically discharged weapons by utilizing a housing with retainer means for releasable connection with the well or breech cap. No electrical power supply is required for operation of this current potential indicator, thus producing essentially fail sale reliability.

Abstract: An infralow frequency controlled-member transfer function analyzer comprises an electromechanical infralow frequency generator, a rotary transformer mechanically coupled to the output shaft of the electromechanical infralow frequency generator, a matching amplifier, two modulators similar to each other, a differentiator connected to the output of the matching amplifier and through one modulator to one rotor winding of the rotary transformer, a matching filter connected to the output of the matching amplifier in parallel with the differentiator and through the second modulator to the other rotor winding, an A.C.

Abstract: The charge preamplifier comprises an input stage driven by the signal to be amplified, the input stage being connected to an amplification stage associated with an output stage, and a circuit for applying optoelectronic feedback from the output to the input of the preamplifier. The input stage comprises a cooled field-effect transistor, the signal to be amplified being applied to the input gate of the transistor. The load resistance of the transistor is provided by a second field-effect transistor mounted in series with an inductance coil.

Abstract: An active filter for electronic circuits comprising a single frequency bandpass filter including two stages each comprising a differential input high performance operational amplifier with the output of a second stage being connected in feedback relationship to one input of the first stage and the output of the first stage being interconnected with one input of the second stage. The output of the filter circuit is taken from the output of the first stage of the amplifier and the input to the filter circuit is the negative input of the first stage of the amplifier.