Abstract: A method for forming a boron-containing carbide layer on the surface of a ferrous alloy article by dipping the article in a molten bath. The bath is made by introducing boron and an oxide of a Va-Group element or of chromium into molten boric acid or a borate bath. The ratio of the boron to the oxide is between 7% and 40%. The carbide layer formed is very hard and has good oxidation resistance.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for applying a weldable coating to a metallic substrate which process comprises applying to said substrate having a clean surface(I) a first coating containing a hexavalent chromium component and/or a phosphate component and an electroconductive pigment and thereafter curing said coating and(II) applying over said cured first coating a second coating which is a weldable coating containing a high molecular weight epoxy or phenoxy resin, a diluent and an electroconductive pigment and subsequently curing same;The improvement residing in replacing at least 70 weight percent of said high molecular weight epoxy or phenoxy resin in said second coating with a coating composition comprising(A) a low molecular weight epoxy resin or mixtures thereof having an average of more than one vicinal epoxy group per molecule,(B) a hydroxyl-containing or thiol-containing material or mixture of such materials which is (1) a polyhydric phenolic or thiophenolic compound or (2) the product of reacting (a)

Abstract: A method is disclosed for pretreating graphite fibers and woven graphite preforms so that they may be wetted and infiltrated by molten metals such as aluminum and alloys thereof. Pretreatment includes immersing graphite fibers or preforms in a bath of liquid NaK alloy at room temperature. The pretreatment allows a lower temperature and shorter immersion time than prior art processes and permits improved wetting and infiltration by the molten metal constituting the matrix of a graphite fiber reinforced metal composite.

Abstract: A process for coating an article such as a turbine blade composed of nickel-base alloy, comprises the steps of surrounding the article by a particulate pack in a chamber, the pack including coating material in elemental or chemically combined form, said coating material selected from the group comprising aluminium, chromium, titanium, zirconium tantalum, niobium, yttrium, rare earth metals, boron and silicon together with a halide activator, preferably of low volatility, and cyclically varying the pressure of an inert gas or a reducing gas or a mixture of said gases contained within said chamber, while maintaining the contents of the chamber at a temperature sufficient to transfer coating material onto the surface of the article and form a diffusion coating thereon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel chemical apparatus, the inner surfaces of which are constituted by titanium material. The invention solves the problems of crevice corrosion and embrittlement of the material by taking in hydrogen, and discloses a method of solving such problems.The prior art methods of preventing crevice corrosion in apparatus prepared from titanium metal and also preventing the titanium of such apparatus from becoming fragile due to absorption of hydrogen include a method , in which an element of the platinum group is deposited on the surface of the titanium material and diffused thereinto. Alternatively, a Ti-Pd alloy is used as the material of the apparatus. Such methods, however, complicate the manufacture of the apparatus and are also disadvantageous in view of the cost of the great quantity of the platinum group element such as palladium which is consumed.

Abstract: Steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys, zinc and zinc alloys are treated to improve corrosion resistance with an aqueous solution of a fluorophosphate salt to passivate the metal surface, before or after phosphatizing and prior to painting.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an anti-corrosive oxide layer on steel. The steel surface is subjected to superheated steam for a period of one to several hours. Before subjecting the steel to the superheated steam, the steel surface is initially subjected to a gaseous formic acid atmosphere at a raised temperature of up to 480.degree. C. The treatment with superheated steam takes place during a further heating period in which a temperature between 450.degree. C. and 520.degree. C. is maintained under steam flow-through conditions in which the steam flow has a Reynolds number greater than 900.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic oxidant-free zinc phosphate solution contains tartaric acid, citric acid and/or a salt of either. At a pH of about 3.5 to 4.7, the solution produces a microcrystalline coating of zinc phosphate on iron or steel. The solution preferably contains nickel ion also.

Abstract: Method and means for continuously contact-coating one side only of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal. One or more roll means are provided to conduct the strip surface to be coated above the surface of a bath of the molten coating metal. The strip surface to be coated is caused to travel sufficiently close to the molten coating metal bath surface that the surface tension and wetting characteristics of the coating metal will permit the formation of a meniscus which will continuously contact and coat the strip surface. The coating is subjected to jet finishing. The strip is maintained in a protective non-oxidizing atmosphere at least until the one side thereof is coated. Alternatively, at least that side of the strip to be coated with the molten coating metal is coated with a flux which remains on the strip until contacted by the coating metal meniscus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of preparing titanium-containing phosphate conditioners useful in cleaning and activating the surface of ferrous, zinc or aluminum metal and alloys thereof for subsequent reaction with phosphate coating solutions. The method comprises the steps of(a) preparing a mixture consisting essentially of water, sodium tripolyphosphate, disodium phosphate and a titanium-containing compound and(b) adding said mixture to solid disodium phosphate with mixing whereby a solid titanium phosphate composition is obtained.The invention provides a method for forming a dry activating composition which does not require the application of any energy such as heat to the material. When the solid titanium phosphate compound is dissolved in water to form pretreatment solutions it can be employed successfully for activating metal surfaces in preparation for reaction with phosphate coating solutions.

Abstract: Applying a thin film coating to the surface of a workpiece, in particular, applying a coating of titanium nitride to a klystron window by means of a crossed-field diode sputtering array. The array is comprised of a cohesive group of numerous small hollow electrically conducting cylinders and is mounted so that the open ends of the cylinders on one side of the group are adjacent a titanium cathode plate. The workpiece is mounted so as to face the open ends of the other side of the group. A magnetic field is applied to the array so as to be coaxial with the cylinders and a potential is applied across the cylinders and the cathode plate, the cylinders as an anode being positive with respect to the cathode plate.

Abstract: The surfaces of a ferrous metal body are coated with a heat-fusible, chemically-oxidizing composition, such as sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate. Then, the coated body is heated above the melting temperature of the coating, preferably above 350.degree. C., until the coating melts, spreads over the surfaces, reacts with the material of the surfaces and produces a black oxide coating thereon.

Abstract: A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of(a) Milling the following mixture of ingredients for up to about 50 minutes:______________________________________ Ingredient Amount (% by weight) ______________________________________ Alkali metal silicate 13-21 Internal cure agent 2-10 Black pigment 17-27 Mica 0-3 Water 50-70 ______________________________________wherein the internal cure agent is selected from the group consisting of CuO, Cu.sub.2 S, NiO .multidot.Ni.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Co.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Dielectric or non-conductive substrates are electrolessly plated by contacting the surface of the substrate with aqueous solutions containing stannous and copper ions, the solutions being alternatively combined with a single solution, followed by contacting the surface of the substrate with a reducing agent capable of reducing the valence state of the copper ions. Systems of solutions useful in the practice of the aforesaid process are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and means for applying one or more coatings on to a substrate. The invention is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with applying metal or alloy coatings on to metallic substrates in order to improve the formability and corrosion resistance of the substrates. Known coating processes include hot dip galvanizing, tinning and aluminizing, and in particular the method comprises feeding the substrate through a molten composition of a first coating material and subsequently feeding the so coated substrate into a molten composition of a second coating material whereby the coating of the second material is overlaid upon the coating of the first material.

Abstract: A process for providing a priming layer of aluminum hydroxyoxide on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces comprising treating the surface with a chemical reagent having a solvent action for the naturally-occurring oxides which form on such surfaces until said oxides are dissolved, and contacting said surfaces with steam while a film of the reagent is still present on the metal surface. The priming layer provides for excellent adhesion of subsequent organic coatings to the metal surface.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to the formation of priming films on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces so as to render such surfaces permanently receptive to subsequent organic coatings.Because of the weight of aluminum and its corrosion characteristics, aluminum and alloys therewith are being increasingly utilized in commercial, industrial and consumer areas in conjunction with organic coatings, e.g., aluminum siding for dwellings, containers for food and beverages, automobile parts, etc.

Abstract: A combination of accelerators, including an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate or a bromate, in conjunction with a reducing agent, particularly, hydroxylamine sulfate is used in phosphatizing ferrous metal at low temperature to produce an iron phosphate coating with good salt spray resistance.

Abstract: A metallic article of a Fe--Ni base, controlled linear thermal expansion alloy is provided with improved environmental resistance without detriment to mechanical properties through the application to and diffusion into the article surface of Cr with or without other coating metals such as Ni. The coating is preferably applied through the pack diffusion method.

Abstract: A process for removing excess molten aluminum or its alloys from articles following the aluminizing of same in such melt by high speed revolution of said articles while withdrawing from said melt.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating solution for forming on an aluminum surface a coating which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently is disclosed. The coating solution contains compounds of zirconium and/or titanium, fluoride and phosphate in dissolved form, and optionally, polyhydroxy compounds having 6 or fewer carbon atoms. The coating solution is capable of forming on an aluminum surface a uniformly colorless and clear coating so that the coated surface has the appearance of the underlying metal surface, that is, the coating can be formed without changing the appearance of the metal surface.